Eyona Iincwadi Imiba katata: Kwiphepha elingenaxabiso likaCharles Dickens

Imiba katata: Kwiphepha elingenaxabiso likaCharles Dickens

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UCharles John Huffam Dickens, ngo-1812-1870. Umvelisi wesiNgesi. Ukusuka kwincwadi

Iqela elitsha lobomi, Ukulindela Okukhulu: Oonyana kunye neentombi zikaCharles Dickens (FSG, 256 iphe., $ 25) nguRobert Gottlieb, ubhala ngobomi benzala yendoda enkulu. Esebenzisa isifundiswa esele sikhona, uMnu Gottlieb uwetyisile amabali abantwana baseDickens kwimifanekiso esetyenzisiweyo ngokulula, eboniswe ngemifanekiso kunye neefoto. Kodwa le ncwadi icocekileyo icocekileyo inikezela ngaphezulu kokuhamba nje kobomi obungathandekiyo. Endaweni yoko, uMnu. Gottlieb, umgxeki wokudanisa kweli phepha, uvelise isifundo sokuthelekisa ukukhulisa umntwana, esinokubonakala singqina ukubaluleka kweembono zangoku: ukugonwa, ukuqiniswa, ukufumanisa isifo, isifo sengqondo, ikholeji. Abaphumeleleyo bayeka ngakumbi. Indlela yomntwana ebomini ayikhokelwanga kangako njengokujongwa kunye nokugwetywa, mhlawumbi ngegalelo lephrenologist ngamanye amaxesha. Umntwana ongaphumelelanga wayengaphumeleli. Umntwana ofileyo wayefile. Kukho izinto malunga namaVictoria esingasokuze siziqonde, utshilo uMnu. Gottlieb. Kwaye okwangoku, emva kokucingisisa ngokufutshane ngeziqwengana zanamhlanje (George W. Bush, Paris Hilton, Chet Hanks), amaVictoria anokuba nenqaku.

UDickens wayeneminyaka engama-25 ubudala xa kuzalwa unyana wakhe omkhulu uCharley. Umbhali sele eyonwabele impumelelo enkulu ethandwayo, nge Amaphepha ePickwick kwi-serialization kunye UOliver Twist kwimisebenzi. Nangona kuqinisekile ukuba abantwana abaninzi abaphantsi kweenyawo banokuchaphazeleka, yithi, inkcazo kaDickens yendlu yaseJellyby Ndlu yeBleak (Sigqithe kwabanye abantwana kwindlela eya phezulu, ekwakunzima ukuphepha ukunyathela ebumnyameni…), kunganzima ukubona ezinye izinto ezifanayo phakathi kwabantwana abangaqhelekanga abakwiincwadi zikaDickens kunye neenzala zakhe. Njengokuba esitsho uMnu. Gottlieb, bekukho, enyanisweni, akukho phantse kwaphela phakathi kwabantwana bokwenyani kunye nabo bacingelwayo. Ngexesha abantwana bakhe bafikelela ebusheni, uninzi lweenoveli zikaDickens zazibhaliwe-oko akuthethi ukuba uDickens akazange ajike abantwana bakhe babe yimizobo yaseDickensian.

Abanye abantwana abathathu bafika ngelixesha uDickens ejika i-30, kwaye ipatheni yavela kungekudala: intshisakalo yokuqala elandelwa kukudana. Ubawo onomdla, uDickens wabonakala onwabile kakhulu ebusaneni bakhe. Uqhushumbe abahlobo ngeendaba zokufika kwabo, ubukristu babo, amakhubalo abo, impumelelo yabo, ubhala watsho uMnu. Gottlieb. UCharley ubhekiswa kuye ngoonobumba njengezinto zeentsana kunye nomangaliso wosana. UFrank, owesihlanu, ugqityiwe ngempumelelo-intsini engapheliyo ebusweni bakhe: kwaye umthambo wecephe uyamangalisa. Kwaye omncinci, owaziwa njengoPlorn, uDickens wabhala ngothando, kule ndlu kuphela komntwana ekufanele ukuba simkhankanye; kwaye akunakubakho omnye umntwana naphina, oza kukhuphisana naye. Ndiyayazi le nto, kwaye ndingathanda ukuba iqondwe ngokubanzi.

Abantwana baseDickens bakhuliswa nguCharles, uCatherine no-Catherine udadewabo uGeorgina. Kuba uCatherine echitha ixesha elininzi phakathi kokubeleka ebuyela emzimbeni kwaye ephethwe luxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka, uGeorgina wayenomsebenzi ophambili wokukhulisa abantwana. UCatherine umele lonke ishishini elonakeleyo lobomi-isini, ukuzala, impilo enkenenkene, ubhala watsho uMnu. Gottlieb. UGeorgina wayengumama / udade ozinikeleyo. Kwindima katata, uDickens uthathe uxanduva lokucoca abantwana kubomi boluntu. Waye wajonga imfundo yabo, uqeqesho kunye nemisebenzi. Wayefuna ukucoceka nokufika ngexesha. Wabazisa kwakhona kwihlabathi ekuzalweni nasekufikeni kwabo ebudaleni, wabathiya igama (ii-eponyms zibandakanya amanani abhaliweyo afana noWalter Savage Landor, uAlfred Tennyson, uHenry Fielding noEdward Bulwer-Lytton), kwaye wabanika ukonwabisa kunye ukuzonwabisa.

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I-Mornon yasePlornish ikwimeko entle, ibetha bonke abantwana bangaphambili koko bakubiza eMelika (andazi ukuba kutheni) iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ilingana, uDickens wabhala ngonyana wakhe omncinci, uEdward, ogama lakhe lesidlaliso, uMnu Plornishmaroontigoonter, Dickens Kungekudala ishunqulelwe kwi-Noble Plorn kwaye ekugqibeleni yi-Plorn, igama u-Edward wayesaziwa ngalo lonke ixesha lokuphila kwakhe.

Njengoko abantwana babekhula, nganye nganye, inzondelelo kaDickens yajika yaba luthuthu. Emva kokuba efumene impumelelo yakhe kwaye woyisa ubuhlwempu bobuntwana ngelixa wayesemtsha ngamandla akhe amangalisayo kunye nokuqhuba, ukungakhathali kwabantwana bakhe kunye nokungabikho kwamabhongo kwamphazamisa. Ndicinga ukuba unenjongo engagungqiyo kunye namandla kunokuba bendicinga ukuba kunokwenzeka kunyana wam, ubhala uDickens kaCharley. (Olu lwazi lobunzulu lubangelwa ngumama kaCharley.) KuFrank: Umfo olungileyo ozinzileyo… kodwa hayi okrelekrele kwaphela. Kwaye u-Plorn: ubonakala ngathi uzelwe ngaphandle kwe groove. Andinako ukuncedwa. Akanqweneli okanye acingele ezakhe izinto.

Umnumzana Gottlieb ubhala ngenkxalabo kunye nevelwano kubantwana bakwaDickens, ekuye kwafuneka bajamelane notata odumileyo, onomdla kunye noluntu esidlangalaleni kodwa kunye nekhaya eliqhekekileyo. Ngo-1857, uDickens wathandana no-Ellen Ternan, umdlali weqonga oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Ngo-1858, kubhala uMnu. Gottlieb, wayesele egqibile ngokutshintsha ubomi bakhe, wamgxotha ngokungenalusini uCatherine, emfaka kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala (enesisa) nokususa abantwana kuye ngaphandle kukaCharley, ngoku amashumi amabini ananye nomntu wakhe. Abantwana baphazanyiswa koku kwahlukana kunina kunye nenkcubeko yama-Victorian ngokubanzi eswele umbono wokuzithemba, ukuziphucula okanye ukuzihlola.

La mantombazana mabini ayelungiselelwe ukutshata, kodwa amakhwenkwe kwakulindeleke ukuba aqalise ikhondo lomkhosi, kwezeshishini nakwamanye amazwe. Kwinkulungwane ye-19, uMnu. Gottlieb uyacacisa, eyunivesithi yayiyiyo eyahlukileyo, kude nomthetho-kwaye kuba amakhwenkwe ayengenamfundo ikhethekileyo, eyunivesithi yayingeyiyo indlela yabo ngaphandle kuka-Henry ozelwe isibhozo, kwaye kwafuneka abongoze. ukuya eCambridge uyokufundela ubugqwetha kunokuba uthunyelwe phesheya njengabanye abahlanu.

Umnumzana Gottlieb ukhusela amakhwenkwe asengxakini, ngakumbi abo bathunyelwe kwiimbombo zobukumkani (enye yaphela ingaphumelelanga njenge Mountie wase Canada, omnye wasweleka ematyaleni emva kokuya e-India; ababini baya konyusa iigusha e-Australia). Ewe, uMnu. Gottlieb uyavuma, isiqingatha seshumi labo libonakala lingaxakekanga, kwaye lingenasiphene. Kodwa umnqweno kaMnu. Gottlieb wokubhukuqa isigwebo sembali sokungakwazi kwabo ukuphumelela ufunda. Ibali elibuhlungu lelikaPlorn, inkwenkwe ebuthathaka kwaye enovalo eyayingakwazi nokujongana nemeko yesiqhelo yesikolo emva koko yathunyelwa yodwa, ineshumi elinesithandathu, kwilizwe eliluhlaza lase-Australia, ubhala.

La mantombazana mabini aneengxaki zawo. UKatey ungene emtshatweni omhlophe kunye nomntakwabo Wilkie Collins, uMnu Gottlieb umchaza njengobufanasini, mhlawumbi kungenziwanga kodwa kutyekelo. Intombi endala kaDickens, uMamie, wakhetha ukungatshati, kwaye uMnu. Gottlieb uthi kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayenotyekelo lokuthandana. Ngaphandle kokuziphatha ngokwesondo kukaMamie, waphela ekwimeko engaphaya kwincwadi kaHenry James kunoDickens: akazange ashiye ikhaya de wasweleka utata wakhe, emva koko wangena kubudlelwane bezesondo nomfundisi kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, isibini esinesithunzi awayedibene naso ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe kumbutho wesisa obizwa ngokuba yiMuscular Christianity. Olunye usapho luye lwacinga ukuba ngekhe bamxhaphaze ngemali yakhe.

Iqela labantwana lalisingelwe phantsi sisiselo esinxilisayo okanye likhoboka lokungcakaza. Ubuncinane enye yazo mhlawumbi yayiya kuba yonyango namhlanje. Xa esebenza kwisikolo esipheleleyo, kukho uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lokuphela oluza kuye ngamanye amaxesha; izinto endizithandayo andicingi ukuba ndizibonile, ubhala uDickens ngonyana wakhe omkhulu, uCharley. UKatey, oyintandane eyaziwayo katata wakhe, wayenomkhuba wokuchukumisa ngokungakhathali ifanitshala kwaye ajonge phantsi kwebhedi inani elifanayo lamaxesha mihla le. UFrank wathintitha walala. USydney, omnye oyintandokazi yokuqala kaDickens, waya elwandle, apho wazirhola khona amatyala amaninzi xa sele emdala kangangokuba wamzonda uyise. UDickens uvumile komnye wabantwana bakhe: Ndiyamoyika uSydney kukude kakhulu ukuba abuyele kwaye ndiqala ukunqwenela ukuba ubhubhe ngokunyanisekileyo. (Lo umzalwana kaSydney! Umangalise uMnu. Gottlieb.)

Isimo sengqondo sosapho ngokufa siyamangalisa. Xa uSydney ophazamisayo kunye noxhalabisayo wabulawa kukugula eneminyaka engama-25, usapho lwabonisa ngokuphandle ukukhululeka kwabo. Ndiyoyika ukuba masive ukuba ukuthathwa kwakhe kwangoko yeyona nto inenceba ebinokwenzeka kuye, kodwa kubi kakhulu, kubuhlungu ukuziva oku, wabhala umakazi wakhe uGeorgina. Kunjalo nangomntwana owasweleka ngaphambi komhla wokuzalwa kwakhe wokuqala, uDora: Ukuba singambuyisela ebomini, ngoku, ngomnqweno, ngekhe sikwenze, utshilo uDickens. Sinomfanekiso kaMnu. Gottlieb enikina intloko enxunguphele.

Isiphetho esinye esingalindelekanga sokufunda incwadi kaMnu. Gottlieb kukuqonda ukuba amaziko anamhlanje anenjongo yokuphucula abantu-unyango kunye nemfundo enikezela inkqubela phambili kunye nokubeka emgangathweni kwabo baqala ubomi kwindawo ehlelelekileyo-bakwasebenza njengabasasazi abanobukhosi. Kubonakala kungengozi ngengozi ukuba oyena mntwana uphumeleleyo waseDickens, uHenry, akazange abe naziphi na iingqondo zengqondo, wafunda eCambridge waba ligqwetha. Kwintsapho yethu enkulu yabantwana abasithoba bekukho omnye kuphela obonakala kum enengqondo ephilileyo, uKatey kamva wabhala ngaye.

Namhlanje, indlela yabantwana yamadoda nabafazi abaphumeleleyo iya kuba kukuguqula abanye abantwana abasibhozo bangene kuHenry: bazilolongele ukuba baphile qete, badityaniswe babhaliswa ekholejini kunye nokuba ngabantu abadala abade abavumela ukungaziphathi kakuhle, emva koko badlulele kwikhondo lomsebenzi ngononophelo ukondla (ukuba awuzuzwanga njengelifa) kumzi mveliso. Ukusuka kule ndlela Amahlathi, uKerrys, uKennedys, uGores, uRomney kunye noClinton omnye kubonakala ngathi bavele ngokuzithemba kunye nelungelo lokufumana ilungelo elifanelekileyo. Amaziko ethu ophatho lwentando yesininzi anokuyilahla kwangaphambili, kodwa akhusele nelungelo.

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