Umhambi uhamba ngesitrato iBourbon ngesitaki sentsimbi entanyeni yakhe ngexesha leMardi Gras ngomhla kaFebruwari 24, 2009 eNew Orleans, eLouisana.UChris Graythen / imifanekiso kaFetty Iintsimbi ezimenyezelayo ezinemibala, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zilahla, ngoku ziyafana neMardi Gras. 
Nokuba awuzange uye kwimibhiyozo yeCarnival, uyawazi umboniso oqhelekileyo odlalwa kwisitrato iBourbon saseNew Orleans minyaka le: Abaveleli bahamba emgceni wendlela yomngcelele wokuqokelela ubuhlalu obuphoswe kwiiflethi. Uninzi luzama ukuqokelela uninzi kangangoko, kwaye abanye abantu abanxila bade bazibeke emngciphekweni ngokutshintshela iipinki zeplastiki.
Kodwa umoya wokubhiyozela awunakuba wahluke ngakumbi kwimizi-mveliso emanyumnyezi kwiphondo laseFujian e-China, apho amantombazana akwishumi elivisayo asebenza ubusuku nemini edibanisa ubuhlalu obuluhlaza, obomfusa kunye negolide.
Ndichithe iminyaka eliqela ndiphanda ukujikeleza kwezi zintsimbi zeplastikhi, kwaye ubomi babo abuqali kwaye buphele kwiveki enye eNew Orleans. Ngaphantsi kwe sheen yamaso libali elinzima ngakumbi - enye eyenzeka kuMbindi Mpuma, China naseMelika, kwaye iyimpawu yenkcubeko yabathengi eyakhelwe kwinkunkuma, ukuxhaphaza kunye neekhemikhali eziyityhefu.
‘Into enye iphindaphindwe’
I-Mardi Gras bead ivela kwimimandla yeoli ye-Middle East. Apho, phantsi kokhuseleko lwemikhosi yezomkhosi, iinkampani zemigodi yeoyile kunye nepetroleum, ngaphambi kokuziguqula zibe yi-polystyrene kunye ne-polyethelene -ezona zinto ziphambili kuzo zonke iiplastiki.
Iplastikhi emva koko ithunyelwa e-China ukuze yenziwe imixokelelwane yomqala-kwimizi-mveliso apho iinkampani zaseMelika zikwaziyo ukuthatha ithuba labasebenzi elingabizi mali ininzi, imigaqo yokuyekelela emsebenzini kunye nokungabikho kokongamela kwendalo.
Ndihambele kwiifektri zentsimbi ezininzi zase Mardi Gras e-China ukuya kuzibonela ngawam amehlo iimeko zokusebenza. Apho, ndadibana nolutsha oluninzi, uninzi lwabo lwavuma ukuthatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni uxwebhu lwam, I-Mardi Gras: Yenziwe e-China .
Phakathi kwabo kwakukho iQui Bia eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Xa ndadliwanondlebe naye, wayehleli ecaleni kwemfumba ephakame kangangeemitha ezintathu, ejonge umntu asebenza naye owayehleli ecaleni kwakhe.
Ndimbuzile ukuba ucinga ntoni.
Akukho kwanto - indlela endinokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunaye ukwenza imali eninzi, uphendule watsho, esalatha kwintombazana encinci engaphaya kwayo. Yintoni esinokucinga ngayo? Ndenza nje into enye ndiphindaphinda.
Ndaye ndambuza ukuba zingaphi izacholo kulindeleke ukuba azenze ngosuku ngalunye.
Isabelo singama-200, kodwa ndingenza kuphela kufutshane ne-100. Ukuba ndenze impazamo, umphathi wam uya kundohlwaya. Kubalulekile ukugxila kuba andifuni kuhlawuliswa.
Ngelo xesha umphathi undiqinisekisile, basebenza nzima. Imithetho yethu ikhona ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imali engakumbi. Ngaphandle koko, aziyi kusebenza ngokukhawuleza.
Kwakubonakala ngathi abasebenzi be-bead baphathwa njengoondlebende, kunye namandla emarike iinkosi zabo.
Iingozi ezifihliweyo
EMelika, izacholo zomqala zibonakala zingenatyala ngokwaneleyo, kwaye abonwabisi beMardi Gras babonakala ngathi bayabathanda; inyaniso, Iiponti ezizigidi ezingama-25 zisasazwa minyaka le. Ukanti ziyingozi ebantwini nakummandla wendalo.
Ngo-1970, isazinzulu esingqongileyo esigama linguGqirha Howard Mielke sasibandakanyeke ngqo kwiinzame zomthetho zokuphelisa ukukhokela kwipetroli. Namhlanje, kwiYunivesithi yaseTulane kwiSebe lezeMithi, uphanda amakhonkco phakathi kokukhokela, okusingqongileyo kunye nokufunxwa kolusu eNew Orleans.
UWoward wenza imephu yamanqanaba okhokelo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesixeko, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwelothe emhlabeni imi ngokuthe ngqo ecaleni kweendlela zeMardi Gras , apho i-krewes (abavukeli abakhwela kwi-float) baphonsa ubuhlalu beplastiki kwisihlwele.
Inkxalabo kaWoward yimpembelelo ehlangeneyo yamaso aphoswayo ngexesha ngalinye le-carnival, eliguqulela phantse kwi-4,000 yeepawundi zelothe ezibetha ezitalatweni.
Ukuba abantwana bathabatha ubuhlalu, bayakubhencwa eluthulini lwelothe, wandixelela uWoward. Amaso ngokucacileyo atsala abantu, kwaye ayilelwe ukuba achukunyiswe, anqweneleke.
Kwaye kukho ubuhlalu obungathathi busiwa ekhaya. Ngeli xesha iMardi Gras iphelile, amawaka emikhono emenyezelayo agcwele ezitalatweni, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba Ngokudibeneyo bavelise malunga neetoni ezili-150 zenkunkuma - umxube wepuke, ityhefu kunye nenkunkuma.
Uphando oluzimeleyo kumaso aqokelelwe kwi-New Orleans parade ifumene amanqanaba ayityhefu elothe, bromine, arsenic, phthalate plasticizers, halogens, cadmium, chromium, mercury ne chlorine ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwamaso. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-920,000 yeepawundi ye-chlorine edityanisiweyo kunye ne-bromine retardants yedangatye yayikumaso.
Inkcubeko yenkunkuma ekhulayo
Sifike njani kwinqanaba lokuba izigidi ezingama-25 zeepawundi zobuhlalu obunetyhefu zilahlwe kwizitalato zedolophu minyaka le? Ngokuqinisekileyo, iMardi Gras ngumsitho obethelelwe kwinkcubeko yaseNew Orleans. Kodwa ubuhlalu beplastiki bebungasoloko buyinxalenye yeMardi Gras; zaziswa kuphela emva kweminyaka yoo-1970.
Ukusuka kwimbono yezentlalo, ulonwabo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nomnqweno wokunxibelelana ukudala imeko-bume entsonkothileyo yokuziphatha kwezentlalo. Ngexesha le-1960 kunye ne-1970 e-United States, ukuzichaza waba ngumsindo , ngakumbi nangakumbi ngabantu abasebenzisa imizimba yabo ukufumana amava okanye ukunxibelelana ngokonwaba. Abatyhileli eNew Orleans baqala ukukhenkceza bebuyisa iMardi Gras amaso ngaxeshanye intshukumo yothando yasimahla yathandwa e-US. ENew Orleans, EUNITED STATES: Amabanjwa avela kwinkqubo yenkonzo yoluntu acocekile iBourbon Street nge-1 Matshi 2006 kwikota yesiFrentshi yaseNew Orleans, kusuku olunye emva kweMardi Gras. Kwakuyi-Mardi Gras yokuqala yaseNew Orlean ukususela kwiNkanyamba uKatrina. IFOTO ye-AFP / uRobyn Beck (Ifoto yemboleko kufuneka ifundwe)I-ROBYN BECK / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty
Inkcubeko yokusetyenziswa kunye ne-ethos yokuzibonakalisa zidityaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nemveliso yeplastiki enexabiso eliphantsi e-China , eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezilahlwayo. Abantu baseMelika ngoku banokukhawuleza (kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi) bazivakalise, balahle izinto kwaye kamva bazibuyisele ezintsha.
Xa ujonga lonke ibali-ukusuka kuMbindi Mpuma, ukuya e-China, ukuya eNew Orleans-umfanekiso omtsha uza kugxila: umjikelo wokuthotywa kwendalo, ukuxhaphaza abasebenzi kunye neziphumo zempilo ezingenakulungiswa. Akukho namnye usindayo; umntwana ezitalatweni zaseNew Orleans encanca emsondweni wakhe omtsha kwaye abasebenzi abancinci befektri abanjengoQui Bia bobabini bavezwa ziikhemikhali ezifanayo ze-neurotoxic.
Unokwaphulwa njani lo mjikelo? Ngaba ikhona indlela yokuphuma?
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkampani ebizwa Zombeads zenze ukuphosa ngezinto eziphilayo, ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane - ezinye zazo ziyilelwe zaza zenziwa kwalapha eLouisiana. Elo linyathelo elinye kwicala elilungileyo.
Uthini ngokuhamba inyathelo eliya phambili kwaye uvuze iifektri ezenza le micimbi ngekhefu lerhafu kunye neenkxaso zikarhulumente kunye nezikarhulumente, ezinokuthi zibanike inkuthazo yokugcina imisebenzi, ukuqesha abantu abaninzi, ukuhlawula umvuzo ofanelekileyo wokuphila, konke oko kuthintela ukonakaliswa kwendalo? Imeko enje inokunciphisa amaxabiso omhlaza abangelwa yi-styrene, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dayoksayidi, kunye nokunceda ukudala imisebenzi yokuvelisa yaseLouisana.
Ngelishwa, nanjengoko uGqirha Mielke endichazile, abaninzi abazi nokuba- okanye bayala ukuvuma- ukuba kukho ingxaki ekufuneka ijongiwe.
Inxalenye yenkcubeko yenkunkuma esinayo apho izixhobo zidlula ngokufutshane kubomi bethu zize zilahlwe kwenye indawo, utshilo. Ngamanye amagama: ngaphandle kwamehlo, ngaphandle kwengqondo.
Ke kutheni le nto uninzi lwethu luzimisele ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkcubeko yenkunkuma ngaphandle kononophelo okanye inkxalabo? Ugqirha Mielke ubona ukufana kwifantasy exelelwe umsebenzi wase China wase fektri kunye nefantasy yomthengi waseMelika.
Abantu base China baxelelwe ukuba obu buhlalu buxabisekile kwaye banikwe amaMelika abalulekileyo, ukuba amaso anikwa ubukhosi. Ewe [le ngxelo] iyanyuka yonke xa usithi, 'Ewe, kukho ubukhosi eMadei Gras, kukho ookumkani kunye nookumkanikazi, kodwa yenziwe kwaye iyintsomi.' yingozi.
Ngamanye amagama, uninzi lwabantu, kubonakala ngathi, kunokuba babuyele kumandla weentsomi kunye namaphupha kunokuba bajongane neziphumo zenyaniso enzima.
UDavid Redmon nguMfundisi kwiCriminology e KwiYunivesithi yaseKent . Eli nqaku lapapashwa okokuqala ngo Incoko . Funda ifayile ye- Inqaku lokuqala .
