ULaurie Metcalf kwindawo evela kwiNdlu yeDoli, Icandelo 2.UBrigitte Lacombe Yayilucango emnyango oluviweyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngo-1879, uNora Helmer, inkosikazi eHenrik Ibsen Indlu yoDoli , waphuma waya kumyeni wakhe nakubantwana abathathu, eshiya abaphulaphuli baseCopenhagen bephefumla kabuhlungu kwaye bonwabile. Ngoku uNora uyabuya. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Epreli, enye inkqubela phambili iza kuBroadway, Indlu yoDoli Icandelo 2 , Ibhalwe ngumbhali wemidlalo yeqonga oselula waseMelika uLucas Hnath. Ngelixa oku kulandelelana kwenzeka kwiminyaka eli-15 emva kokubethwa kwendlu yokuqala, siyazibuza ukuba uNora angayifumana ntoni ukuba angabuya namhlanje? Impendulo inento yokwenza namadoda angama-slacker kunabafazi abakhululekileyo basekhaya.
Okokuqala, masimangaliswe kukuphumelela kwe-Ibsen. Nangona uNora wabaleka ngo-1879, umdlalo ngokwawo awuzange uhambe. Kutshanje ngo-2006, Indlu yoDoli yaveliswa rhoqo kunawo nawuphi na umdlalo ehlabathini, kwiminyaka eli-127 emva kocango lokuqala lomnyango. Hamilton kufuneka ube nethamsanqa. Iidrama zenkulungwane ye-19 azibuyi rhoqo, ngaphandle kwaxa zikhatshwa ngu-Oscar Wilde, ubukrelekrele obufileyo baseChekhov, okanye ikhandlela likaAndrew Lloyd Webber. Ngelixa bonke abalandeli beedrama besazi ngoNora, ngaba bayamkhumbula uAgnes, UNkosikazi Ebbsmith odumileyo , ibhalwe ngu Sir Arthur Wing Pinero? Ke, kutheni uNora esabala xa uAgnes engazi? Ngenxa yokuba uNora wavala umnyango wenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye wavula umnyango we-20.
Ukungcatshwa ngumyeni wakhe, esindwa ngumthwalo ematyaleni, kwaye ebotshelelwe kwindima yokuba ngumama nenkosikazi, abaphulaphuli babesazi ukuba uNora akanandawo yokubalekela. Ngomnyaka we-1879, abantu abaqhawule umtshato babonwa njengabasebenzi, iinkundla zokungabinamali zazingayi kubuva ubungqina babafazi, kwaye izikhalazo malunga nokwaneliseka kwabasetyhini zazingayi kuvakala de kube lixesha uMick Jagger ajikeleza ngalo kwinqanaba lama-1960. UNora ukhalaza ukuba yena nomyeni wakhe uTorvald khange batshintshisane ngegama elibi. Ndibe ngumfazi wakho onodoli, utshilo, ngelixa esenza umntwana wakhe iintsiba uNora, ethoba isidima kulawulo lwasekhaya ngokumbiza ngokuba yintaka yam encinci. Uvunyelwe umzuzu wenkanuko xa elengisa isitokhwe sesilika phambi kwamehlo omhlobo wakhe osenyongweni.
Ngaphandle kwezizathu zikaNora zokubaleka imeko yakhe e-corseted, abaphulaphuli benkulungwane ye-19 eJamani bacaphuka kangangokuba bafuna ukuba u-Ibsen abhale ngokutsha indawo yokugqibela. U-Ibsen wathobela ngokukrokra, kodwa ke wabiza isiphelo esitsha ngengqumbo. E-Stockholm, umbhali odlalayo u-Agasti Strindberg wajoyina i-ruckus, ehlaba Indlu yoDoli njengezidumba. Ungaze ucinge ukuba ngo-1879 abafazi baseSweden babenamalungelo okuvota aphantse alingane neehagu. Kuthathe iminyaka eli-10 kule nto ibizwa ngokuba ngumfazi ukuyenza iye kwi-Great Britain. IPalamente ibisandula ukupasisa umthetho wePropati yabasetyhini-nangona uKumkanikazi uVictoria wayesele elawula phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane.
Xa uNora ebuyela emnyango ngo-Epreli 27, 2017, uya kungena kwindalo eyahlukileyo. Namhlanje, abasetyhini eMelika benza uninzi lwabafundi bezomthetho kwaye phantse isiqingatha sabafundi bezonyango. Iwaka leminyaka labasetyhini ngamashumi amabini eepesenti kunokwenzeka ukuba baphumelele kwikholeji kunabalingani babo abangamadoda. Ewe banokujamelana nocalucalulo kwimivuzo, kodwa abasetyhini baphila ixesha elide ngamadoda ngeminyaka emi-5, kunqabile ukuba bahlekise ngokwenzakala, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba bathi bonwabile. Imivuzo yamadoda afundileyo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yehlile isinye kwisihlanu ukusukela ngo-1979, ngelixa amabhinqa afundileyo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo abone umvuzo wabo unyuka.
Kodwa ukothuka okwenyani kuNora kunokuba kukudodobala, imeko yosana yamadoda amaninzi. Ngokwandayo, ziintaka ezibhadulayo. Amadoda aphatha amatyala amaninzi kunye nokusilela ekubambiseni imali mboleko rhoqo. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-40 zamakhaya, abasetyhini ngoku kuphela okanye ngabondli abaphambili, xa kuthelekiswa ne-zero xa u-Ibsen wabhala. Isinye kwisithandathu seminyaka yokusebenza kwamadoda aseMelika akhetha ukungasebenzi. Uninzi luxhomekeke kwiiopioids. Inkcubeko yeslacker kunye nabadlali bevidiyo ababambelela koonina be-Naugahyde sofas kwigumbi elingaphantsi akuncedi mfanekiso. Akumangalisi ukuba abasetyhini ngakumbi kunamadoda bakhalaze malunga nokunqaba kwento elungileyo yomtshato. I-app yokuthandana iBumble ivumela abasetyhini ukuba bathathe inyathelo lokuqala lokuthetha kwaye bafumana ukuthandwa ngexesha apho uninzi lwabafana ludlamka xa lucelwa ukuba luthumele imiyalezo ngaphezu kwe-guttural hey.
Kumthetho 2 ka Indlu yoDoli , umbolekisi wemali uKrogstad unkqonkqoza kumnyango wangaphambili ukuze aqokelele ityala likaNora. UNora uvale umnyango wesifundo somyeni wakhe ukumkhusela kwingxwabangxwaba. Unexhala ngempilo yakhe kwaye uboleke imali kuphela ukuze amthabathe aye emazantsi ekhefini engenalo uxinzelelo. Lihlabathi elahlukileyo ngo-2017. Amatyala aphezulu, abafazi banamandla, kwaye amadoda abuthathaka ngakumbi kunodoli we-porcelain. Umqolo kaNora-kanye ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokukhulula ucango lweofisi kwaye akhulule umyeni wakhe.
ToddUBuchholz wayengumcebisi wezoqoqosho wase-White House kunye nombhali Ixabiso Lokuphumelela (IHarperCollins 2016). UKatherine Buchholz ufunda idrama kunye nembali eCambridge, eNgilane.
