UDayne Walling (ngasekunene) ngusodolophu wangaphambili weFlint, MI.UMark Wilson / Getty Izithombe UDayne Walling wasela kabini amanzi anetyhefu kaFlint kumabonwakude. Ixesha lokuqala lalingo-Epreli ka-2014 . IsiXeko saseFlint, siphantsi koxinzelelo kurhulumente waseRiphabhlikhi ocinga ngokungqongqo, sitshintshe umthombo waso wamanzi ukusuka kwinkqubo yedolophu yaseDetroit ebiza kakhulu ukuya kwiFlint River ebiza kakhulu. NjengoSodolophu waseFlint, uWalling ubonakala ecima uqhagamshelo kwinkqubo yeDetroit kwaye onwabile egungxula iglasi yamanzi kumthombo omtsha.
Ixesha lesibini kwaba kunyaka kamva, ngoJulayi 2015 . Abahlali beFlint babekhalaza ukuba amanzi anuka kakubi ayabagulisa. Ukuphendula, USodolophu uWalling uthumele umyalezo ngetwitter ukuba usapho lwakhe luyaqhubeka nokusela amanzi e-Flint ekhaya yonke imihla, into engezantsi kukuba akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo. Emva koko wacelwa umngeni sisikhululo sikamabonwakude sase-WNEM ukuba asele amanzi emoyeni kwakhona. Ngeli xesha uyisele ngekomityi yekofu.
Kwinyanga kamva, umphandi ozimeleyo ogama linguMarc Edwards kungqineke ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba amanzi atsalwa kumanzi oMlambo iFlint ayengu-19x ngakumbi kunokubonakala kunamanzi aseDetroit. Le yayiyinyanga ye-8 emva kokuba isityalo se-GM sendawo siyekile ukusebenzisa amanzi e-Flint kuba yayonakalisa iinjini. I-Walling yasebenza ngokukhawuleza, yenza konke okusemandleni ukwenza izinto zilungile, kodwa ukonakala kwegama lakhe kwakusisiphelo. Ulahlekelwe ngumnqweno wakhe wonyulo kwakhona kwi-Fall ka-2015.
Oku akuthethi ukuba kuphelile ngeWalling nangayiphi na indlela. Ungumfundi waseRhodes. Usemncinci, kuphela u-41. Umsebenzi wakhe unokusindiswa. Siza kuva kuye kwakhona.
Kodwa umbuzo olangazelelayo uyatsha: kwakutheni ukuze asele esihogweni la manzi?
Ungumfundi waseRhodes owabuyela kwidolophu yasekhaya uFlint ukuba abalekele usodolophu. Ngaba yayisisicwangciso sokuphembelela ikhondo lezopolitiko lesizwe ngokuqala ngokwasekhaya?
Ukukhula kwam eFlint, ndakhula ndithanda kakhulu idolophu yasekhaya. Ngayo yonke into awayehamba ngayo uFlint kwii-1980s, kunye nokuvalwa kwefektri uMichael Moore abamba khona Roger kunye nam , Ndaziva ngathi iFlint ifanelwe ikamva eliqaqambileyo.
Ngaba ayilulo uhlobo lokuphendula ekufuneka enike lona ezopolitiko?
Xa ubuza umntu okwi-ofisi eyonyuliweyo, ewe, uthi bajolise kwi-ofisi akuyo. Kodwa ndingene kulindeleke ukuba ibe yiprojekthi yeminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwelishumi. Ukuba ubuyela umva ujonge udliwanondlebe nam kwangoko kwiFlint Journal kwaye bayabuza, ingaba eli lilitye nje lokunyathela ukuze uqhubeke wenze le naleya? ingathi hayi. Ndicinga ukuba iya kuba yiminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwelishumi yomsebenzi ukufumana i-Flint kwindlela eyahlukileyo eyahlukileyo ukuze ibenekamva. Andizukuyalela ukuba kunokubakho ithuba lokuba ndisebenze kwenye i-ofisi ekhethiweyo, kodwa ayisiyiyo injongo yam leyo.
Ithini impendulo yakho kubantu abathi, jonga, le misebenzi ayibuyi. Bemkile. Ingaba iirobhothi okanye iChina kwaye kunjalo.
Ndicinga ukuba kukho inyani kuloo nto. Kuthetha ukuba uqoqosho lwaseMelika lwenkulungwane yama-21 luza kwahluka ngokusisiseko kunakwinkulungwane yama-20, ngakumbi uqoqosho lwenkulungwane yama-20, apho uFlint waqala wangqonga ngeenqwelo kunye nemizi-mveliso yezithuthi. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba siza kulahla amakhulukhulu abantu abancinci nabaphakathi kwelizwe lonke abakhulele kumzi mveliso waseMelika kwiminyaka eyi-50 ukuya kweli-100 eyadlulayo. IFlint ngokwenene ineeasethi ezininzi ezenza ukuba zikhuphisane kumashishini amatsha ngaphaya kokuvelisa.
Ziziphi ezinye zazo?
Siliziko lokusasaza urhwebo kunye namalungiselelo. Sibekwe embindini phakathi kweChicago neToronto. I-69 inqumla iBhulorho yaManzi eBlue ukuya eOntario, Canada, kwaye leyo yeyona ndawo yesibini yezorhwebo exakeke kakhulu elizweni ecaleni kwempahla ehamba mihla le ngeDetroit nase Windsor. Ke lowo ngumzekelo omnye. Elinye licandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo. Sinenani elikhulayo lokubonelela ngonyango, isixhobo sonyango, kunye neenkampani zamayeza ezizodwa kwaye ezo zonke ziimveliso ezibekwe ukuba zikhule kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
I-Flint ayizange ibe nabemi abangaphezu kwama-200,000. Kutheni wonke umntu evile ngayo?
Kukho inani leembali zokuqala kwiFlint ezikwincwadi yeembali zaseMelika. Yindawo yokuzalwa yeGeneral Motors, eyona nkampani inkulu kwihlabathi ngekhulu lama-20. Kukwalapho iUnited United Workers yaphumelela khona ilungelo lothethathethwano ngokudibeneyo neGeneral Motors ngo-1936. I-GM yayiyinkampani yokuqala enkulu yezorhwebo yase-U.S. Ukunika abasebenzi bayo amalungelo okuxoxisana. Emva kokuba iGeneral Motors iwe, emva koko i-U.S. Yentsimbi kunye nabanye abaninzi baba manyano kwiminyaka eyalandelayo. Esi sesinye isiqendu esikwiincwadi zembali zase-U.S.
Wayenjani uFlint xa ukhula?
Ndicinga ukuba ii-70s zazingezizo ezimbi kubantu abaninzi, kodwa ndandimncinci kakhulu. Ndazalwa ngo-1974. Ngexesha lokufumana ulwazi ebantwini, yayikukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso, ubhubhane wokuqhekeka, ikomkhulu lokubulala laseMelika. Emva koko Roger kunye nam yibeke yonke kwifilimu ukuze ibonwe lihlabathi. Ndabona iphambili ye- Roger kunye nam xa ndandifunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.
Ke ubuyela eFlint, ufumana usodolophu onyuliweyo, yonke into ijonge phezulu. Izinto zaqala nini ukuya emazantsi?
Ekuvukeni koQoqosho oluKhulu, sifumana utshintsho kumandla kurhulumente kurhulumente weQela leeTi kwaye ine-ajenda yendlela yokujongana nezixeko ezixinzezelekileyo ngokwezezimali. Ayilunganga. Isiseko serhafu yesixeko sibuthathaka kakhulu ngokuphulukana nenani labemi kunye nokuvalwa kweefektri. UFlint wayejamelene nokusilela kwesigidi seedola xa ndonyulwa njengosodolophu.
Wowu, ke ibingumceli mngeni kwasekuqaleni.
Oh ewe. Elo yayilihlobo le-2009. IsiXeko saseFlint sasijamelene noxinzelelo lwemali phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini. Phantsi kweRhuluneli yeDemokhrasi uGranholm, bekukho indlela yokusebenzisana nezixeko ezijonga ukuba singazandisa njani iinkonzo, sizenze ukuba zibe nomtsalane ngakumbi izixeko. Imali mboleko zokuzama ukudlula ediphu eyenziwe luqoqosho. Kodwa emva konyulo luka-2010, iNdlu yoMbuso yaseMichigan, iSenate, iofisi yeRhuluneli, iofisi yeGqwetha Jikelele, zonke zazilawulwa ngamaRiphabhlikhi. Bazisa indlela yokuphelelwa ngamandla kwezemali. Kulapho wawunezinto ezingxamisekileyo ze-15 koorhulumente basekhaya nakwizithili zesikolo ezibhengezwe kwilizwe lonke laseMichigan, kubandakanya zombini iFlint neDetroit.
Unexesha elingakanani usodolophu ngeloxesha?
Iminyaka nje emibini.
Ngaba ubufana no-oh crap, oku kuyothusa?
Sasisazi ukuba urhulumente uza kuba nzima kakhulu.
Ibali endixelelwe ngalo malunga nengxaki yamanzi yayikukuba kwakukho abanye abaphetheyo abangakhange bajonge into elungileyo kuba wayengenabuchule, kwaye ikhokelele kwintlekele. Ngaba uthi sisiphumo seRiphabhlikhi esinyanzela iFlint ukuba yenze inkcitho enkulu?
Ewe, into endiyithethileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku iyinyani malunga nokugxininisa kwiindleko, ukunciphisa iinkonzo, ukulungelelanisa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, kodwa ukuba kufanelekile, kukho elinye icala lwento eyenzekileyo kwaye kukuchazwa gwenxa komgaqo okhokelayo woMthetho waManzi okusela oKhuselekileyo kunye umthetho wobhedu. Ndikhe ndacelwa ukuba ndicinga ukuba ngaba abaphathi bexesha likaxakeka ababekiweyo bazimisele ukwenza oku kwenzeke. Mna ngokobuqu andiyikholelwa loo nto. Kwakukho ukongamela okuvela kwiSebe laseMichigan loMgangatho weNdalo esingqongileyo kulapho ndicinga ukuba ufumana khona ireferensi yento yolawulo. Kanye ngasekupheleni kwexesha lam ngo-Okthobha ka-2015, umlawuli we-MDEQ wavuma ukuba isebe lakhe liyisebenzise gwenxa imigangatho yokusela ekhuselekileyo yomdibaniso. Baye bathintela isixeko ekubeni songeze le phosphate eyayiza kukhusela imibhobho kumhlwa.
Ke ibiyimpazamo ye-MDEQ?
Into onayo yayikukuzinikela okungaqhelekanga ngokuqaqamba ngokudityaniswa nokusilela kolawulo kunye nenyani yokuba bekungekho itsheki eqhelekileyo kunye nokulinganisela okufumanayo nolawulo lwasekhaya. Ukuba unam kunye nebhunga lesixeko ubuza imibuzo, uvuma inkcitho, ngokwendalo uyifumana yonke loo ncoko.
Ngaba uziva ukuba ikhona into onokuyenza ngokwahlukileyo?
Ndicinga malunga nengxaki yamanzi eFlint yonke imihla. Ayikokuzibaxa oko. Kwakukho izinto ekujongeni kwakhona, ndinqwenela ukuba bendizakubuza eminye imibuzo malunga nazo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ibingafani nokuba ndingabuzi imibuzo. Ngokujonga emva, uyazi into oyiphosileyo.
Ngaba ungathetha malunga nomzuzu apho usele khona amanzi kwiTV?
Kunene. Mna nabanye abaninzi ekuhlaleni sasiqinisekiswa yi-MDEQ kunye nobunkokheli kwisebe lezemisebenzi yoluntu ukuba amanzi akhuselekile, ayadibana nayo yonke imigangatho. Ndade ndaya kufikelela kuMlawuli weNdlu ye-White House yezeMicimbi yoRhulumente kwaye ndinendawo ethe ngqo yokunxibelelana ne-US EPA kuba ndifuna ukuva ngokuthe ngqo kumagosa aseburhulumenteni.
Ndiqinisekiswe yi-EPA ukuba amanzi aseFlint ayenemigangatho yokuhlangana. Ukucinga yayikukuba iingxelo zamanzi amabi ziyingxaki ezizodwa. Ndacelwa kumdlalo weTV weveki ukuba ndiza kusela amanzi eFlint. Baye etephini bagalela iglass. Usapho lwam kunye nam sasela amanzi eFlint mihla le, abantwana bam bayasela esikolweni. Ke kusasazo lweendaba, ndisela amanzi kwaye ndabelana ngesiqinisekiso sokuba amanzi ahlangabezana nemigangatho efanayo.
Leyo yinxalenye yento abantu bajonge emva kuyo kwaye bandityhola ngokwazi ukuba ayikhuselekanga, ayiyonyani leyo. Ndicinge kakhulu ngalo mzuzu kwaye ndiyazisola ngoku. Ndicinga ukuba xa ndibuyela emva abantu babecinga ukuba ngokusela kwam amanzi kumabonwakude, eneneni ndandisaphula ezi zikhalazo zahlukileyo sasizifumana malunga nokuxhalaba kwamanzi kunye nezempilo. Ngomnye wale mingeni njengegosa likarhulumente malunga nendlela othembeke ngayo malunga neembono zakho, kodwa awuzithatheli phantsi iinkxalabo abanye abantu abanazo. Ukuba bendinethuba lokubuyela emva kwaye ndenze kwakhona, bendiya kuthi, andizukuwasela la manzi apha ezindabeni kuba ndiyazi ukuba baninzi abantu esixekweni abanengxaki amanzi abo ekufuneka sigxile kuwo ekulungiseni.
Andazi, kubonakala kum ngathi kukujonga nje kancinci ama-20/20 ukuthi, oh ngekhe ndasela amanzi. Ukuba ubucinga ukuba kulungile, kwaye waqinisekiswa ukuba kulungile nge-MDEQ kunye ne-EPA, andiboni enye into onokuthi uyenze ngaphandle kokusela. Mhlawumbi ngewagxekwa ngendlela engeyiyo ukuba wawungazange uyisele.
Ewe kunokuba njalo. NgoMvulo kusasa ngekota. Awufumani ukudlala umdlalo kwakhona, ucinga nje ngento enokwahluka. Ndicinga ukuba ngabantu abathe kum, ewe, ubusazi ukuba sinengxaki ngamanzi ethu. Khange ivele nje ngendlela endifuna ngayo. Mhlawumbi ngendisele amanzi kodwa ndaphawula ukuba ewe, la manzi abonakala elungile, kodwa kukho eminye imiba esaziyo ukuba kufuneka sisebenzele kuyo.
Kuthathe ixesha elingakanani emva kokuba usele amanzi kwacaca ukuba ikho le nto ingahambi kakuhle ngayo?
Ugqirha Marc Edwards ebesele eqhuba uvavanyo lwakhe lwamanzi ehlotyeni. Uphume neziphumo zakhe ekupheleni kwenyanga kaAgasti ka-2015. Uphando lwakhe lubonise ukuba zininzi iingxaki kwinkqubo yezamanzi kunaseburhulumenteni nakwiminyhadala yomanyano. Wayeneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya. NgoSeptemba, ndiye ndajonga kuphando lwakhe kwaye ndimamele izinto ezazithethwa ngurhulumente.
Phakathi kokuzama ukulungisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye, uGqirha Mona Hanna-Attisha weza kum, kwilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye ne-congressmen yethu saza sabelana ngovavanyo lwakhe lobuqu lwedatha yobuntwana ekhokelela kwityhefu awayeyifumana kwisibhedlele sikarhulumente. . Ibonakalise i-spike eyoyikisayo ebuntwaneni ekhokelela kwityhefu ehambelana notshintsho kuMlambo iFlint. Ukuba segumbini kunye nokuhamba kwakhe ngedatha yayiziiyure ezimbalwa ezimbi ebomini bam. Ngokukhawuleza ndathembisa ukusebenzisana naye kunye noluntu lwezonyango ukukhupha ingcebiso ekhokelayo. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, ndakwazi ukuma phambi kwesikolo samabanga aphantsi endaya kuso ndazisa ukuba amanzi eDetroit abuyela umva kwinkqubo yeFlint.
Kodwa ingxaki iqhubekile kunjalo kuba imibhobho ibingcolisiwe, akunjalo?
Ewe, kwaye ke nanamhlanje kukho amawaka ezindlu angakhuselekanga ngaphandle kokucoca ulwelo.
Kuza kuthatha iminyaka emingaphi ukuphinda uyisebenzise le nkqubo kwaye izakubiza malini?
Ngamakhulu ezigidi zeedola ukubuyisela kwimigca yenkonzo ekhokelayo kunye nemigca ephambili edibeneyo. Bathathe indawo yamakhulu amathandathu okanye asixhenxe anamakhulu eenkonzo zokukhokela kulo nyaka uphelileyo kwaye banethemba lokutshintsha amawaka amahlanu kuye emathandathu amawaka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu ezayo. Olunye uluntu olwalunenkqubela phambili malunga nokuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nokususwa kwelothe kwaqala le nkqubo kwiminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30 eyadlulayo xa umthetho okhokelayo nowobhedu wawusebenza. I-Flint kufuneka yenze kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu oko kwathatha ezinye iidolophu iminyaka engama-20 ukufezekisa.
Kutshanje bekukho inqaku elithe i-GOP kutsha nje yavala cwaka uphando kwingxaki yamanzi eFlint. Ngokusisiseko, abakhange beze nantoni na entsha. Ngaba umntu uza kohlwaywa ngale nto?
Kukho uphando olubonakalayo oluqhubekayo lolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa yi-ofisi ye-Attorney General yaseMichigan eye yazisa izityholo kubantu abangaphezulu kweshumi elinambini.
Ngobani?
Amaphepha aseDetroit enze umsebenzi olungileyo ukuba ufuna uluhlu olupheleleyo, kodwa kuye kwangeniswa izityholo kubaphathi bexesha likaxakeka, abasebenzi bakarhulumente kunye neSebe leMigangatho yokusiNgqongileyo kunye neSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, kunye nabasebenzi abambalwa abasebenza esidlangalaleni.
Ngokuqinisekileyo uye wadibana nesihogo esinye sesaqhwithi, kodwa usemncinci kwaye kubonakala ngathi umi ngeenyawo zakho. Yintoni elandelayo kuwe?
Ewe, ndiphakathi kolunye lolo tshintsho lwenzeka kwimisebenzi yethu. Kudala ndenza umsebenzi wokubonisana. Ndinenkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-21st Century Performance eyenze umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokubonisana nabaphathi kunyaka ophelileyo. Ndikwasebenza kwincwadi emalunga neminyaka elishumi kwindawo kawonke-wonke eFlint ebalekela usodolophu, ndisebenza njengosodolophu, ndijongana nokudodobala koqoqosho, ingxaki yamanzi, kunye nokutshintsha kwezopolitiko nakwezopolitiko. Ndicinga ukuba ndingaqhubeka kanjani ukufaka isandla esixekweni endisithandayo kakhulu. Kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe.
U-Isaac Simpson wenza igalelo kuQhekeko, iqonga leendaba elinika ilizwi kwitalente kwiimarike eziphantsi nezisexesheni, apho olu dliwanondlebe kwavela kuqala .
