Eyona Ezopolitiko Inguquko yokuVota ukusuka ekubaleni iiBhontshisi ukuya kwiKompyutha

Inguquko yokuVota ukusuka ekubaleni iiBhontshisi ukuya kwiKompyutha

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Namhlanje, uninzi lwamazwe lusebenzisa indibaniselwano yamaphepha kunye nokuvota ngombane.UMarc Serota / Getty Izithombe



Xa abavoti besiya kwindawo zokuvota ngoNovemba 6, uninzi luya kusebenzisa inkqubo yokuvota ngombane. Abanye bathi le nkqubo inokuqhekezwa kwaye iziphumo zonyulo zinokutshintshwa ngabantu abakude njengaseRussia.

Ukuvota bekungasoloko kuxhomekeke kuphazamiso lwe-elektroniki. Kwiintsuku zokuqala zaseMelika, iimbotyi kunye neminqwazi zazisetyenziselwa ukuvota. Ngelixa ukuvota bekusoloko sisenzo sobumi baseMelika, inkqubo yokuvota eMelika iguqukile ngokuhamba kwexesha, amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kwengxabano.

Ukuvota eMelika yakuqala

Kwanasemva kokuba iMelika ibhengeze inkululeko yayo, ukuvota kusenzekile phila wena , okanye ngevoti yelizwi. Inkqubo ye-IU.S. UMgaqo-siseko ayiniki sikhokelo sincinci malunga nenkqubo yokuvota. Inqaku loku-1 lithi: Amaxesha, iindawo kunye nendlela yokubamba unyulo lweeSenethi nabaMeli, ziya kumiselwa kwilizwe ngalinye yindlu yowiso-mthetho leyo; kodwa iCongress inakho nangaliphi na ixesha ngokomthetho ukwenza okanye ukutshintsha loo migaqo.

Kwi-1634, iMassachusetts yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukunyula irhuluneli yayo isebenzisa iphepha lokuvota. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithathu emva koko, yagunyazisa ukuba konke ukuvota kwenziwe ngokubhala amagama abantu abonyuliweyo. IMassachusetts, nangona kunjalo, yayiyeyodwa ngaphandle komthetho.

Kwiintsuku zokuqala zamaphepha okuvota, abavoti kwakufuneka beze nephepha labo kunye nezinto zokubhala. Eyona nto inzima nangakumbi, kuye kwafuneka bakhumbule igama (kunye nopelo olufanelekileyo) lomgqatswa ngamnye abafuna ukumvotela. Njengoko ilungelo lokuvota landisiwe ngaphaya kwamadoda amhlophe afumileyo, kwaye ukufuduka kwanda, oku kwaba yingxaki ngakumbi. Kwimizamo yokuphuma ivoti, amaqela ezopolitiko aqala ukushicilela ukuvota kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni adwelise bonke abagqatswa babo kunyulo. Ayothusi into yokuba la matikiti okubizwa ngokuba liqela ayethanda urhwaphilizo kunye noloyiko.

Bhalisela iNcwadana yezepolitiki yaBakhangeli Oomatshini bokuvota ngomatshini bathatha indawo yamaphepha okuvota eNew York kwiminyaka yoo-1950.I-Keystone / i-Getty Izithombe








Ukwamkelwa kweBallot yaseAustralia

Ngo-1856, I-Australia iyitshintshe inkqubo yayo yokuvota , Ekugqibeleni, idala umgangatho omtsha wamazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Umthetho wonyulo wawufuna ukuba amagosa aseburhulumenteni aprinte iivoti kwaye abonelele ngendawo yabucala apho abavoti banokumakisha ngokuyimfihlo.

E-United States, iMassachusetts yayilelinye lamazwe okuqala ukuzama ukuvota ngokufihlakeleyo. Ekuqaleni, ayizange ihambe kakuhle. Ngokwabagxeki ngelo xesha, ukuthi ummi uya kuvota ngengxowa etywiniweyo, okanye hayi sisenzo sobuzwilakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1896, abavoti abangama-39 kwabangama-45 bathi bavota ngokufihlakeleyo kwiivoti eziprintwe ngurhulumente. Ngelixa utshintsho belukhuthazwa ngumnqweno wokususa urhwaphilizo kwinkqubo yokuvota, ikwabonakalise iinzame zokunciphisa ifuthe lokwandisa amandla. Iibhalothi eziprintiweyo zithintele abantu base-Afrika baseMelika, abafuduki kunye nabavoti abangathathi ntweni ekuvoteni kuba uninzi alunakufunda.

Iiphepha zokuvota ziye zavela ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900 ukuya phaya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, abavoti basebenzise oomatshini bokuvota abasebenzisa izixhobo ukuze bavote. Isidingo sobuchwephesha esitsha sityalwa ikakhulu kubude obukhulayo kunye nobunzima bokuvota, kunye nokonyuka ngokukhawuleza kwabavoti emva kokuba abasetyhini benikwe ilungelo lokuvota.

Utshintsho olulandelayo lobuchwephesha yayiyinkqubo yokuvota yamakhadi-enqindi, eyayingafakwanga mpikiswano ngokuxhonywa kwenyhweba yonyulo luka-2000. Ukuphendula, Nceda uMthetho waseMelika wokuVota ka-2002 (HAVA) ivaliwe ngokufanelekileyoipunch-khadi kunye neenkqubo zokuvota ezisekwe kwi-lever kunye neemeko ezifunekayo zokubandakanya iikhompyuterizixhobo. Namhlanje, uninzi lwamazwe lusebenzisa indibaniselwano yamaphepha kunye nokuvota ngombane.

Utshintsho lusenokuza kwakhona. Emva kwemizamo yokuhamba ngaphandle kwamaphepha kukhokelele kwimibuzo malunga nokuthembeka, ukuphazamisa kunye nokukhuseleka kwedatha, uninzi lwamagunya luyeka ukuvota nge-elektroniki kwaye libuyele ngokungqongqo kuvoto lwamaphepha.

UDonald Scarinci uliqabane elilawulayo e UScaren Hollenbeck -Funda ibio yakhe epheleleyo Apha .

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