Andiqinisekanga ukuba iMelika iyayazi indlela yokuzihleka ngayo namhlanje njengoko yayisenza njalo, utshilo uNorman Lear, umdali oneminyaka engama-82 ubudala wabo bonke abantu kusapho, uMaude, iJeffersons kunye neSanford kunye noNyana, ngaphandle kokuba loo miboniso yayisemoyeni ngexesha lolawulo lweNixon kunye neMfazwe yaseVietnam.
KwakungoMvulo, nge-8 kaNovemba-kwiintsuku ezintandathu emva kokonyulwa kuka-Mongameli Bush kushiye ama-48 e-Melika- kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zelizwe eliseLear, ummandla olwa neFox wexesha lawo-elityhafileyo.
Umnumzana Lear wayecinga ngumahluko phakathi kwale ngxwabangxwaba yaseMelika naleyo wayinika istudiyo sabaphulaphuli ehlekisayo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970.
Ndacinga ukuba xa ndibona impendulo kwiQela laseMelika, watsho, kwaye iinkululeko zikhathazekile kwelinye icala kwaye abagcini-mbono bayacaphuka kwelinye. Kwenzeka ntoni esihogweni? IMelika ibikade ikwazi ukuzihleka ngcono kunoko.
Kodwa uluntu lwaseMelika-icandelo eliya kwi-CSI: Miami kwaye Wonke umntu uyamthanda uRaymond -asenakuphinda eme ukuzibona kwi-satiric-portrait. Nkqu nabaphumeleleyo basekunene babemthanda u-Archie Bunker. Kunzima ukuthelekelela ababukeli abazizigidi ezingama-20 behleli bethe cwaka kwiingxoxo ezihlekisayo kwincoko enje:
UMike Stivic (uRob Reiner): Ngaba uyazi ukuba kumazwe amaninzi, eNgilane, umzekelo, kukho umthetho othi nantoni na eyenziwa ngabantu abadala abadala abucala yimicimbi yabo?
U-Archie Bunker (Carroll O'Connor): Mamela, le ayisiyiNgilane. Siphose iNgilani ngaphandle apha kudala. Asifuni kuphinda sibe yinxalenye yeNgilane kunye nolwazi lwakho, iNgilani lilizwe le-fag.
Mike: Intoni ?!
Uvimba: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ngaba abasakhethi iitshefu kwimikhono yabo? Ilizwe lonke lisekwe kuhlobo lwe… fagdom.
UJeff Zucker akangekhe ayichukumise loo script! Ubufanasini kumabonwakude-obamkelekileyo ukuba bamkelwe ngoku kuWill kunye noGrace kunye neQueer Eye kunokuba kwakunjalo-kusondela ngendlela yokuthotywa kunye nobude bengalo obuya kwenza ukuba isizwe esiphambili siphose. Incoko eneminyaka engama-33, ebhalwe kwikota yokuqala kaRichard Nixon nguMnu Lear, eyenziwe ngokuqaqambileyo ngu-O'Connor kunye noMnu Reiner, kwaye wasasaza kwi-CBS-uthungelwano iNixon White House yayithanda ukuzonda-isabamba into ethile engathandekiyo. umsindo kwinkcubeko yaseMelika esele ibonakalisiwe kwiindawo zokuvota, hayi kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Faka nje iNgilani ngeFrance.
Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithathu kamva, i-US yaphinda yangena kwimfazwe ende kwaye yaxhonywa yimpikiswano yezopolitiko. Kuphela akusekho hlanga luphambili.
Inqaku lomhlaba weTV, utshilo uMnu Lear, ebhekisa kwendlela ekukuphela kwayo eqhuba imiboniso yakhe. Kuya kufuneka babeke ezinye zezo ncoko kwaye bazinxibe.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, uMnu Lear’s All in the Family kunye no Larry Gelbart’s M * A * S * H bagxotha iimvakalelo zabucala zesininzi esingathethiyo sika Nixon, esilwa neVietnam namalungelo oluntu. Kodwa umabonwakude womnatha akasalawuli ababukeli okanye ubabophelela ngendlela ebesenza ngayo kwiminyaka emithathu yenethiwekhi.
Kodwa nokuba abaphathi beTV bayenza ishishini labo ukuqhubeka nokujongela phantsi ubukrelekrele boluntu lwaseMelika, uMnu Lear waziva ukuba bekungasoloko kufuneka njalo. Ayisiyonto efunwa luluntu lwaseMelika, utshilo. Sonke sinoluvo lokugqitha. Yiloo nto u-Barak Obama wayebhekisa kuyo kwintetho yakhe kwindibano, ecaphula uLincoln: 'iingelosi ezingcono zendalo yethu.'
Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owayenethemba.
Sele ndiza kubethwa luvo! utshilo uLarry Gelbart, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga, umbhali wesikrini kunye nomvelisi woluhlu lweTV M * A * S * H. U-M * A * S * H wayemalunga nabantu ababeka abantu ndawonye abadutyulwa emfazweni. I-ABC ibeka uthotho olutsha malunga nokulwa e-Iraq. Omnye wawukusindisa ubomi kwaye omnye umalunga nokubulala nokubulawa.
(Mnu. Gelbart wayebhekisa kuthotho olutsha lwe-Steve Bochco olubizwa ngokuba Ngaphaya, okwangoku kuphuhliso kwiNethiwekhi yeFX, hayi iABC.)
Ngaba loo nto ibonisa ukuba akukho nto intsha kwiNtsapho ebonisa ukuseka isizwe esitsha seLear?
Awuyi kuyibona loo nto, utshilo uMnu Gelbart. Kwaye ukuba uyayenza loo nto, u-Archie uya kuthandeka ngakumbi. Uvimba uya kuba nzima. Uya kuba ngumntu onokumlingisa. Thixo usomandla! Wonke umntu ovela kumfana ozisa ikofu kunye neebhegi ukuya kuthi ga kubongameli benethiwekhi baxelelwa into abanokuyenza nabangakwaziyo ukuyenza. Kwaye akukho mntu uza kuyinyikimisa le nqanawa.
Kuyinyani ukuba u-Archie kunye nomkhwenyana wakhe uMike basenee-analogs kumabonakude, kodwa ikakhulu bakwiindaba: Hannity and Colmes, Hardball or
Iqela likaMcLaughlin, oochwephesha abaziingcali abathethana ngemfazwe, amalungelo esini kunye nenkolo. Umahluko kukuba uSean Hannity kunye no-Alan Colmes abaze baphumelele kwi-catharsis yeemvakalelo. UBill O'Reilly luhlobo loVimba ekuphandweni rhoqo kukaMike-akukho mntu waziyo ukukhonkotha ngokufanelekileyo? … THULA!
Kodwa ngokubanzi, akukho Mike, akukho Gloria, akukho Edith, akukho ubutyebi, kwaye akukho mqondo womhlaba ophakathi, utshilo uMnu Lear. Bahlala bezisa indawo apho banokuwola khona, okanye baqonde. Kwakukho umzuzu wokuqonda phakathi kwabo.
Khawufane ucinge umpu omde, ongathethiyo womgudu kaChris Matthews uhamba kancinci ekupheleni kweHardball yeMSNBC emva kokukhaba emazinyweni. Hayi, aba bantu bahlala beyinkwenkwezi kwaye kufuneka babe ligorha. Ngaminazana ithile, ophumeleleyo ngokwenene komnye wale miboniso uza kuba ngumbhexeshi ophulaphuleyo, kwaye abonise ukuthobeka kancinci.
Umnumzana uLear ubhale kwikopi yebhatyi ye-All in the Family LP ekhutshwe yiAtlantic Records ngo-1971 ukuba wayefumene ileta evela kumfazi owayebukele imizuzu eli-10 yalomboniso wakhawuleza wacofa unyana wakhe, owayehlala kwesinye isixeko: Wena soloko ufuna ukwazi ukuba utata wakho unjani? Ewe, khawulezisa uvule iShaneli 2!
Kwezi ntsuku, utata kusenokwenzeka ukuba waqala ukwenza njengo-Archie Bunker emva kokubukela uMnu O'Reilly.
Umnumzana uLear wathi yayingu-Archie Bunker njengomlinganiswa-ekuqaleni wabonwa njengolandelelwano olungasasebenziyo ku-Ralph Kramden-owavumela Bonke kwiNtsapho ngomnyango we-CBS. Kusemva koko kuphela apho uMnu. Lear wakwaziyo ukufaka imicimbi ngokucacileyo kwimidlalo kunye nokuyila uGeorge Jefferson, Maude noMary Hartman ukuba badlale imidlalo eqhubela phambili kwezentlalo.
Konke okwenzekileyo kum bendikhula noTata wam, kwaye nangona ndingumJuda, utata wam wayehlala ebabiza ngokuba zi-schvartz, utshilo uMnu Lear, ebhekisa kwigama elihlazo elalisetyenziswa ngutata kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika. Ndiyammangalela ngokubeka phantsi uhlanga lwabantu kwaye wathi, 'Akunjalo into endiyenzayo.' Undibize ngokuthi 'umntwana omhlophe kunabo bonke endakha ndenza.' 'Ubeka phantsi umncintiswano abantu kwaye ubize unyana wakho ukuba uyonqena? 'Uya kuthi,' Ayisiyiyo le ndiyenzayo: Ungoyena mntwana usisilima omhlophe. '
Ukusuka apho, wakhulisa imali ngaphakathi kwinethiwekhi kwaye wabaleka nesazela sakhe. Ubudenge bemeko yomntu abupheli, utshilo uMnu Lear. Ndiqale apho. Kodwa ndandinabantwana ababini ngelo xesha kwaye ndafunda iphephandaba ngokuzimisela kwaye ndaqokelela abantu abasingqongileyo nabo abenza njalo, ke wonke umntu waqonda ukuba kufuneka bafunde INew York Times kunye ne-LA Times kwaye safika sakhuhla imiphanda yobomi bethu kunye neentsapho zethu namava ethu kunye nenkcubeko yethu kwaye safumana uburharha apho. Ukunyuka ngesiquphe kweziganeko zeentlobo ezithile zomhlaza kumadoda amnyama-ngumboniso lowo. Sayikhupha emaphepheni. Yile nto yayiqhubeka kwinkcubeko.
Umnumzana Lear uthe uyayithanda iPaki yase Mzantsi kunye nee The Simpsons kwaye wathi ezinye ii-sitcoms bezisenziwa kakuhle. UWill noGrace noFrasier babhalwa kakuhle, utshilo, nokuba bahlala bedanisa malunga nemicimbi efana nomtshato wesini. Abazange banyule ukujongana nayo, watsho. Kuya kufuneka ubabuze ukuba kutheni.
Ngokwengxenye, uqikelele, inento yokwenza nolawulo lokufumana izinto ezisemoyeni. Iinethiwekhi zikamabonakude kudala zichaza abaphulaphuli bazo ngophando lwedemokhrasi-ekulawuleni ukuphanda kwizifundo zonke kwizikripthi nangaphandle komoya. Uninzi lwawo amaphecana amakhulu abomvu athi uMnu Bush uphumelele uNovemba 2 ziintsapho zaseNielsen ezineescreen ezingama-56-intshi.
Kukho ubhalo oluhlekisayo olukhulu kumabonakude namhlanje, kodwa ndicinga ukuba lukhetho, utshilo. Kwaye mhlawumbi inento yokwenza nonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Uyazi, ngokusisiseko, abantu kwindawo endisebenza kuyo bayaziphilisa, nangona behlawulwa kakuhle, kodwa ibango lezinto abazenzayo zivela kwenye indawo.
UMnu Gelbart uthathe umgca onzima.
Siyalelwe, siyabhala, siyasebenza, sivelisa kuphela ngemvume yezi zigantsontso zemithombo yeendaba abathi, ngelishwa, bangabahlambululi abaninzi be-smut kumagumbi ethu okuhlala nakwamagumbi ehotele, utshilo, okwazileyo ukuvutha Ubume obomvu-obomvu-i-thumers ye-Bhayibhile kunye nobushushu eHollywood. Umnumzana Gelbart ukwathe xa uM * A * S * H wayekhanyiselwe yi-CBS, uWalter Cronkite, umgxeki wemfazwe eVietnam, wayeyi-ankile ye-network, ke babeneziqinisekiso zabo, ke babekwenza kucace ukuba bayabuza Imfazwe. Akukho nanye kwezi zenethiwekhi ebuzayo.
Impendulo yayo yonke into yimali, utshilo. Nawuphi na umbuzo owubuzayo. Kwaye aba bantu bahlala kwindawo eluhlaza kakhulu, iMurdochs kunye neRedstones. Umbono wokuba singamajelo eendaba akhululekileyo uyaphambana. Kungakho iintloko ezithile ezikhululekileyo zokuthetha kwisebe leendaba, elingaphezulu nangakumbi ulwahlulo lwesebe lezolonwabo, kodwa ekugqibeleni bayondla irhamncwa.
UJohn Landgraf, umongameli wezolonwabo kwiFX Network, ephethwe nguRupert Murdoch, wathi uthotho lwe-TV yakhe yase-Iraq, Ngaphaya, wayeza kuyilungisa inyani-wayibiza ngokuba yinyani enobundlobongela-kwaye angabi yinto nje yokulwa emfazweni.
Amanye amajoni athande kakhulu ilizwe kwaye ayayixhasa kakhulu imfazwe kwaye abanye banengcikivo, banengqondo, kwaye abanye bayothuka ngokufa, utshilo. Ndicinga ukuba yimeko engathandekiyo ngokwembono yam wonke umntu ebuyiselwe kwiinkampu ngamajelo abo eendaba kunye neendaba zabo. Yeyiphi idrama kunye nomdlalo olungileyo owenza ukuveza inyani yabantu, hayi inyani yezopolitiko. Kwaye oko kufanele ukuba kugqithise kwintetho.
Ngokubhekisele kurhano luka Mnu. Gelbart lokuba angenza ipropaganda yemfazwe, uMnumzana Landgraf wanikela ngesebe lomnquma: Kuya kufuneka umxelele ukuba eze apha, utshilo.
Olunye uthotho lwe-FX kuphuhliso ngumboniso wokwenyani obizwa ngokuba ziintsuku ezingama-30, okhulelwe nguMorgan Spurlock, owayalela iSupersize Me, apho isifundo sobomi bokwenyani sihlala kwihlabathi elingenakufane kwenzeke inyanga yonke. UBen Silverman, umongameli oneminyaka engama-34 ubudala wenkampani yemveliso yeTV uReveille, eyenza le nkqubo, uthe wayenomqhubi wenqwelomoya owayenomfana waseWest Virginia owayehlala njengomfo waseArabhu kusapho lwama-Arabhu njengomSilamsi iintsuku ezingama-30.
Kodwa umnumzana uSilverman uthe ngekhe ukhokele isandi seTV kumanethiwekhi amakhulu ngemicimbi yamaqhosha ashushu; kwafuneka ukhokele ngabalinganiswa.
Ndicinga ukuba uhlala ujonge ukufumana incoko, utshilo. Ukuthatha imicimbi yokwenyani ngombono ocacileyo yindlela yokufumana incoko. Iidrama ezinkulu ze-NBC zomhla wazo, kwii-80's-kwaye yathathelwa ingqalelo njengexesha elinomsi-yayiyindawo yaseSt kwenye indawo kunye neHill Street Blues. Babenobunzulu bokwenyani kunye nesihloko, kodwa babesasazwa. Ayinakuba malunga nemicimbi, kufuneka ibe malunga nabalinganiswa abaneendawo ezintle zokujonga.
Umnumzana Silverman uthe wayekhe wadibana no Norman Lear bembuza ukuba ukwazile kanjani ukubonakalisa umhlaba kunye nabaphathi benethiwekhi kwasekuqaleni. Kususela oko wathabatha iphepha kwincwadi yokudlala kaMnu Lear: Konke kwiNtsapho yayingeniso lweBBC de kube ngoku Ukufa Kusenza Inxalenye; Umnumzana Silverman uguqulele iOfisi ye-NBC ye-BBC, edlala uSteve Carrell njengomphathi. Kodwa akazange abone ukuba iinkqubo ezinemicimbi ecacileyo zinokuyenza njani ukuba idlule kumphathi wokwenyani, uJeff Zucker.
Andazi ukuba usasazo lwenza njani, utshilo. Ndiza kuzama ukuyithengisa. Kodwa iyakuqinisa kwaye ayithengisi kwaye ke kukho ezinye izinto ezinje ngendalo yakhe yakutshanje yeNBC, I-25 yezigidi zeedola zeHoax, ebanjwe nguEd McMahon. Bathenga loo nto.
UMnu Lear ebehamba eli lizwe ebonisa iSibhengezo senkululeko, esiyinxalenye yeprojekthi yolutsha yokuvota, Zazise. Mamela, ndineentombi ezingamawele eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala, watsho, kwaye ndathi kumfazi wam ngenye imini, ngekhe bazi-kakuhle, abayi kwazi, ngekhe balazi ilizwe bendili-10. iminyaka ubudala, xa emadolweni katat'omkhulu besima kwiikona zesitalato kwaye sibukele imingcelele kwaye ndiphakamise amehlo ndibone iinyembezi zisehla esidleleni njengoko iflegi yayihamba kunye nomculo wempi-kwaye bendihlala ndibona umngcelele ngalo lonke ixesha , kahlanu, kasixhenxe ngonyaka, ezantsi ezitalatweni zesixeko… kwaye uyazi, bekukho uthando olunokutsala ilizwe. Indlela endijonge ngayo, njengoko ndityhutyhe iSibhengezo kwilizwe liphela, basondela kuso emva kweyure enesiqingatha emgceni kwaye uyabona emva koko basuke babhale phantsi indlela abaziva ngayo. Ayikho yonke imihla njengaxa ndandisemncinci.
Okomzuzwana, uMnu.Lear wavakala ngokulinganayo u-Archie noMichael, umlinganiswa kumdlalo weTV elahlekileyo ongasokuze uphume.
