Eyona Ukuzonwabisa Imbali emide yeShishini loMculo lokwahlula abaNtsundu namaJuda

Imbali emide yeShishini loMculo lokwahlula abaNtsundu namaJuda

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ULupe Fiasco.Facebook



Xa u-Lupe Fiasco ekhupha italente yakhe enkulu kwaye ekuhlaleni ekhupha i-LP yakhe yesithandathu, Iziyobisi ezikhanyayo , ngomso, kuya kunikwa ingqwalaselo enkulu kwimixholo yemixholo yabo ngabo bafuna iingcebiso ze-anti-semitic rhetoric.

Embindini kaDisemba, umrepha wabelana ngendoda enye ebizwa ngokuba yi-NERD, eyayikhanyisa umculo woluntu kulo mgca uphakamisa amashiya: Amagcisa ayaphangwa ngenxa yokupapasha / Ngama-execs angamaJuda amdaka acinga ukuba zizipho zomnqophiso.

Njengoko umntu enokucinga, i-Anti-Defamation League yangenelela, i-CEO ye-ADL uJonathan Greenblatt ekhupha ingxelo:

Ezi ngoma ziyomeleza intsomi yama-anti-Semitic yolawulo lwamaJuda kwishishini lomculo, uhlobo oluye lwasetyenziswa gwenxa kule minyaka idlulileyo ngabaxhasi abaziwayo. Kukungakhathali ukuba umculi orekhodayo aqhubele phambili intiyo enxamnye nenzondo yamaSemite ‘yomYuda obawayo.’ Nokuba uLupe Fiasco unenkxalabo malunga nokuxhaphaza imveliso yakhe yobugcisa, kulusizi ukubek ’amabala iqela liphendula. I-Fiasco inegama elaziwa kakuhle njengegcisa le-hip-hop elihlonitshwayo. Ngexesha apho kukho iyantlukwano kwilizwe liphela, siphoxekile kukuba akakhethanga ukusebenzisa iqonga lakhe kunye nelizwi ukukhuthaza umyalezo obandakanya wonke umntu.

Emva koko, uGreenblatt wathumela umyalezo kuFiasco, ebuza ukuba kutheni engasebenzisi inqanaba lakhe ukukhuthaza ukubandakanywa, kwaye uFiasco waphindisa.

Kwi-tweets elandelayo, u-Fiasco ucacisile indlela awayezama ngayo ukunxibelelana nge-lyric ngokubonisa iifoto ezivela kwiintlanganiso ezidlulileyo kunye nezazi zamaJuda ezinje ngo-Howard Zinn no-Noam Chomsky, ngelixa wayecacisa umahluko phakathi kwabo wayeziva eqhathiwe yinkolo. ngokupheleleyo.

Kwiintsuku emva kwamagqabantshintshi, uFiasco wabuya wabuyela kuTwitter ukuba akhankanye ngokungqalileyo amaJuda kwishishini lomculo awayeziva emqhathe, kubandakanya nowayengumphathi we-Warner Music uLyor Cohen kunye nomphathi wenkampani u-Craig Kallman.

U-Lyon Cohen undixelele ukuba angayihloniphi imigaqo yesivumelwano esele sikhona ngaphandle kokuba ndityikitye ikhontrakthi etshintshe imigaqo esele ikhona, wabhala. UCraig Kallman ukhe wathethathethana ngesivumelwano emfihlakalweni esithi ndivumile ukunikezela nge-85% yamalungelo wam okupapasha kwingoma yeAirplanes kubavelisi bakhe.

Emva koko wathumela umyalezo ngendlela igqwetha lamaJuda awaliqeshela ukulwa neAtlantic emthatha ngayo iipesenti ezi-5 zayo yonke into, efikelela kwi-100 leedola, ooo, kunye namandla akhe okuthetha inyani kumandla aye ancitshiswa ngumsantsa wakhe osengqiqweni.

Inye into ekhulele kwindawo yokunyibilika yaseMiami, iFla., Indifundisile kukuba ezinye iingcinga ezibonisa ukungakhathali ziyingozi xa umntu obukeleyo ekhulisa kwaye esebenzisa umbono wakhe kwabanye ukuya kubo bonke. Umahluko phakathi kokujongwa kwenkcubeko kunye ne stereotype ilele kulwandiso lwepateni ebonakalayo kwinyani epheleleyo.

Kodwa njengomYuda onekratshi, ndiyathabatheka lithuba lengxoxo evulwe yiFiasco. Iinyani zembali kukuba abanini beeleyibheli abangamaJuda kunye nabavelisi unayo badlale indima enkulu ekubumbeni imboni yomculo, kwaye uninzi lwayo belusemqolo kumagcisa amnyama.

Enye Inyaniso kukuba amaqela afana neLizwe lamaSilamsi kunye nehlumelo labo Isizwe esineepesenti ezintlanu sibe nefuthe elibonakalayo ekubumbeni ulwazi lwenkcubeko kumculo we-rap, kwaye uninzi lwenkcubeko leyo ibandakanya ukwenziwa kwe-semitic generalizations malunga konke Abantu abangamaJuda ngokusekwe kubanini bezindlu, abanini bevenkile ezithengisayo kunye nabantu bokurekhoda ababesebenzisana nabantu abamnyama.

Yimbali eyintsonkothileyo ekufuneka ikhululwe, kuba eyona nyani iphambili izityhilayo yenye yeembali ekwabelwana ngazo-zeenkcubeko ezabelana ngokufanayo omnye komnye kunokuba nabani na ekhumbula. Iimbali ezimnyama kunye nezamaJuda zombini zenziwe ngobukhoboka, ukuhlala kude kunye nokufuduswa. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngokuphanda ngendima eyahluleleneyo edlalwe ngumzi mveliso womculo ekuqhubeni ukwahlula, singagxila kwinto esenza sifanane.

Ngokwembali, amaJuda ayenzile imisebenzi ekwakucingelwa ukuba ayihlambulukanga okanye imdaka ngamakhosi. KumaXesha Aphakathi, icawa yayicinga ukuba ukuphatha imali sisono kuThixo, ke saba ngabaqokeleli berhafu. Kwintshukumo yokubuyiselwa kwenkcubeko, sabaleka nayo. Kwaye xa abafuduki abangamaJuda bafuna umsebenzi eMelika nangaphezulu ngokobuhlanga kunangoku, bakhawuleza bancoma ukuba basebenze njengabanini bemihlaba kunye nabarhwebi beeparen eHarlem, eminye yemisebenzi eyayivulekile kubo ngelo xesha.

UJames Baldwin ubalise ngale minyaka, ekhulela eHarlem, kwaye uchaza ngokucacileyo indlela i-animus eyakhuthazwa ngayo:

[Ndi] n Harlem…. Abanini-mhlaba bethu babengamaYuda, kwaye sasibathiya. Sasibathiyile kuba babengabanini-mhlaba aboyikekayo nababengazihoyanga izakhiwo. Umnini wevenkile yokutya wayengumJuda… Unosilarha wayengumJuda kwaye, ewe, sasihlawula ngaphezulu ukusikwa kwenyama okungalunganga kunabanye abemi baseNew York, kwaye sasihlala siphatha izithuko ekhaya kunye nenyama yethu… kwaye umthengisi-zimpahla wayengumJuda -Nokuba samthiya kakhulu.

Kodwa kwakamsinya emva kokuba efumanise ukuba amaJuda awayejongana nawo ayengekho phezulu kwityathanga lokutya:

Umntu wokuqala omhlophe endakhe ndambona yayingumphathi wamaJuda owafika eze kuthatha irente, kwaye waqokelela irente kuba wayengenguye owakhe. Andizange, ke, ndibone namnye wabantu ababenazo naziphi na izakhiwo apho sasikhuhla khona kwaye sabandezeleka ixesha elide, de ndaba yindoda endala neyaziwayo. Akukho namnye kubo owayengumYuda. Kwaye andizange ndisisidenge: i-grocer kunye ne-drugistist babengamaYuda, umzekelo, kwaye babenomdla kakhulu kum, nakuthi ... ndandimazi umbulali xa ndibona omnye, kwaye abantu ababezama ukundibulala babengengabo AmaYuda. Iklabhu yejazz eyaziwayo eHarlem iApollo Theatre ngeminyaka yoo-1950.I-ERIC SCHWAB / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty








Ugqirha Martin Luther King, Omnci. Wachaza ngobu budlelwane njengesiqalo sempixano phakathi kwabahlali abamnyama nabamaYuda:

Ngelixa sasisebenza eChicago, sasinogwayimbo oluninzi eWest Side, kwaye ngelishwa yayinyani into yokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu ekwakufuneka siwenzile olu qhankqalazo yayingabanini-mhlaba abangamaJuda… Sasihlala kumatyotyombe umJuda kunye nenani labanye, kwaye kwafuneka senze isitrayiti serente. Besibhatala i-94 yeedola ezine zehla, amagumbi angcolileyo, kunye…. safumanisa ukuba abamhlophe… babehlawula i $ 78 kuphela ngenyanga. Sasihlawula iipesenti ezingama-20 zerhafu.

I-Negro iphela ihlawula irhafu yombala, kwaye oku kwenzekile kwiimeko apho amaNigro aye ajongana namaJuda njengomnini-mhlaba okanye umgcini wevenkile. Iingxelo ezingenangqondo ezenziweyo ziziphumo zokungqubana.

Ngokubhekisele ekuqwalaselweni kukaBaldwin malunga nobudlelwane bakhe nesilarha esamhlawulisa ngakumbi ngokusika inyama, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwabakho ubuhlanga bokwenyani. Ndingathetha kakhulu ne-Orthodox Hassids eseBrooklyn, abasasebenza kakhulu njengamatyotyombe, njengabanobuhlanga ngokuqinisekileyo. Inkcubeko yabo yokuchazwa kunye nokuchazwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwesibhalo kubenza boyike abo bangaziqondiyo, kwaye bathethelele ingcwele kunawe ukuba ungabekelwa ecaleni ukuba nam, njengomYuda welizwe, ndiziva ndiqokelelwe kum ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokukhululwa, ukucekiswa, kunye nezinye izinto ngokubanzi.

Kodwa nangona ezi ngxaki zixhomekeke kufutshane nakwizinto ezibonisa ukungakhathali, ishishini lomculo lidlale indima enkulu ekuzikhuliseni. Uninzi lwabapapashi beTin Pan Alley kunye nababhali beengoma babengamaJuda-nanjengoko babengenikwa msebenzi kweminye imisebenzi, ishishini elitsha, elingasasebenziyo laba yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokuba ngabadlali abaphumeleleyo kubomi baseMelika. Kodwa umculo wenkulungwane yama-20 ugcwele ulwabiwo lwamaJuda, kwaye abaphengululi abaliqela bacebise ukuba amaJuda azibona njengabatoliki bokwenyani benkcubeko yabantsundu.

Iindlela zokuziphatha kunye nobuhlanga ngokuqinisekileyo zazisasazekile phakathi kwamaYuda kwishishini lokuzonwabisa, kananjalo. Abafazi abangama-vaudevillian base-Roma ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane baqhubela phambili indawo ekuxoxwa ngayo encinci nengacaciswanga kakuhle, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'coning shouting ' Ubhala uPamela Brown Levitt.

Ukuzama ukungena kwishishini lokonwaba, [i-Tin Pan Alley ye-entrepreneurs ’] i-aesthetics yajikeleziswa kwindawo enxamnye ne-antiblack kunye ne-xenophobic milieu. Phakathi ku-1880-s babesebenze ishishini leTin Pan Alley eliqinileyo elaye lalawula iVaudeville kunye nomculo wokuqala omnyama… Injongo yayo yayikukuhlekisa, ingoma yengoma isusela kwijocular kwaye iyalahlela kwizikhohlakali nezikhohlakeleyo… Umculo wengoma yeCoon kunye nemifanekiso igubungela imifanekiso engcolileyo yabamnyama kumagama anyelisayo angenakhowudi. Umzekelo, igama elithi 'N' kunye nezinto ezazisetyenziswa zazithunyelwa kumagama anje ngo 'mammy,' 'inkwenkwe yobusi,' 'pickinniny,' 'itshokholethi,' 'ivatala,' 'i-possum,' kunye neyona 'coon' ixhaphakileyo. Umdlali wepiyano weJazz uPete Johnson udlala nomculo wakhe weokhestra kwiklabhu yesiXeko saseNew York kwii-50s.I-ERIC SCHWAB / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty



Oku kuxhaphaza kunye nobuhlanga kwaqhubeka kude kwafika kwiJazz Age, xa abanini belebheli abangamaJuda babedla ngokuthatha ithuba ngamagcisa amnyama anezinto ezincinci zomculo, bengabhatali nto ngomsebenzi wabo kwaye bekhupha irekhodi lomdyarho elibi ngokuhlawula umenzi ngebhotile yotywala .

Kwaye i-underworld yamaJuda yayilawula ubukhulu becala indawo yejazz, ngenjongo yokwahlula:

AmaGangster amaJuda ayesiya rhoqo kwiiklabhu zasebusuku… Ngapha koko, amanani amajukujuku angaphantsi komhlaba ayeneendawo ezininzi zasebusuku kunye nezithethi. ENew York, uDutch Schultz ungumnikazi weKlabhu yoZakuzo. UCharley ‘King’ uSolomon wayengumnini weCoconut Grove yaseBoston, Ubhala uRobert Rockaway. ENewark, uLongy Zwillman ungumnini weBlue Mirror kunye neQela leCasablanca. UBoo Boo Hoff ungumnini wePicadilly Cafe ePhiladelphia. IDetroit [yamaJuda] Purple Gang yayineLuigi's Cafe, enye yeeklabhu ezithandekayo zesixeko. Iimvumi ezingamaJuda kunye nabahlekisi, abafana no-Al Jolson, uEddie Cantor, uFanny Brice noSophie Tucker badlala kwiiklabhu zamahlokondiba.

Kwaqhubeka ukubonakaliswa ngokuthandwa komculo weblues, nawo. Cinga ngoLeonard noPhillip Chess, abaphambukeli abangamaJuda abasuka ePoland abaseke ileyibhile yeseminal ethi Chess Records, eyayinamagcisa anjengoBo Diddley, Howlin ’Wolf, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, Etta James, noChuck Berry.

Abanye abantu baye babiza ababonisi bakaLeonard noPhillip Chess abakwazileyo ukubonwa ngokubonakalayo emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi eChicago, Wabhala u-bluesman uWillie Dixon kwimbali yakhe. Inani elithe kratya labonisa ukuba abazalwana be-Chess bangabaxhaphazi abathi basebenzise ngokufanelekileyo amagcisa awenza loo mculo.

[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hEYwk0bypY&w=480&h=360]

Le mbali iyaqhubeka xa sisiva malunga noGeorge Clinton etyholwa ngamalungelo okupapasha kwiingoma zakhe zakudala, okanye xa u-Ice Cube wakhalaza malunga nendlela uMc Ren avumela ngayo umJuda ukuba aqhekeze abasebenzi bam ngokubhekisele kumphathi we-NWA ophikisayo, uJerry ongasekhoyo Umncedisi.

Ke ndiziva ndinovelwano ngokubhekisele kwingxelo eye yanikwa abantu abamnyama baseMelika malunga nabantu bam, kwaye andikwazi kunceda kodwa ndive ukuba abantu bam bathwele uxanduva lokukhulisa uninzi lwecebo lokulwa nobuYuda eliye lahluma iindawo ezimnyama.

Oko akuthethi ukuba kulungile. xa owayesakuba lilungu leNtshaba yoLuntu uProfesa Griff ecaphula uHenry Ford UmYuda wamanye amazwe okanye umzobo oseludongeni kaMalcolm X ujikelezwe ziinkwenkwezi zikaDavid, imiqondiso yeedola, ukhakhayi kunye neethambo ezinqamlezileyo ecaleni kwebinzana leGazi laseAfrika eSt. Ezi ziganeko ziqhubekile ngeminyaka yama-90 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kodwa isiseko sazo saphakanyiswa ikakhulu ngokusondelelana, ukukhulula amalungelo obudlelane bokusebenza phakathi kwabahlali babini. Kobo budlelwane, amaJuda akushishino lomculo abonakala ngathi afanelekile kuninzi lwe-bamboozling.

Kodwa akukho nokuba abe mnye umJuda, ngaphandle kwendlela ebucala kunye nembali ehambelana ngayo enokubonakala ngathi inabantu abamnyama baseMelika. Kwimeko yobudlelwane phakathi kwamaNtsundu namaJuda, ukungacaci kwento yokuba mhlophe kwamaJuda kukwadlala kwakhona, kubhala uCheryl Lynn Greenberg kwi Ukukhathaza amanzi: Ubudlelwane obuMnyama-bamaJuda kwi-American Century .

Ukuba amaJuda ayengengabo abamhlophe ngokupheleleyo, nangona kunjalo babedla 'ngokuma' abamhlophe ezingqondweni zabantu abantsundu, kwaye bathathe amandla apheleleyo engqumbo yabo yobuhlanga, ekhuthazwa kukubalasela kunye nokuxhaphaka kokuchasana namaYuda. [J] njengokuba uluntu kufuneka lube ne-scapegoat, uJames Baldwin waphawula, 'ngoko ke intiyo kufuneka ibenophawu. IGeorgia ineNegro kwaye uHarlem unomJuda. ’ Ukukhupha ubuhlanga ngokobuhlanga okanye inkolo ngumceli mngeni, ngakumbi xa abadlali ngokwabo bebengacaciswanga ngokwahlula .

UGqirha Cornell West uvakalise uluvo olufanayo kwimibhalo yakhe ekhankanywe rhoqo kubudlelwane:

I-anti-semitism emnyama luhlobo lwenzondo yabantwana kunye nomona, ojolise komnye umntu ongaphantsi okwenze oko kuluntu lwaseMelika. Ukuhamba okumangalisayo kokunyuka kwamaJuda aseMelika-kumiliselwe ikakhulu kwimbali nakwinkcubeko ebeka ipremiyamu kwimfundo ephezulu kunye nokuzilungiselela-ngokulula iboleka kwiintsomi zobunye bamaYuda kunye nokufana kwabantu abaye bafumana imali phakathi kwamanye amaqela, ngakumbi phakathi kwamaqela angahlelanga njengabantu abamnyama baseMelika.

Ukubonakala okuphezulu kwamaJuda kwiindawo eziphezulu zesikolo, ubuntatheli, ishishini lokonwaba, kunye nemisebenzi - nangona ingaphantsi kangako ipesenti kubumbano eMelika nakwiofisi yezopolitiko yelizwe-ijongwa kancinci ngenxa yokusebenza nzima kwaye impumelelo iphumelele nangakumbi njengombandela wokukhetha nokukhetha phakathi kwamaJuda. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ubumbano lobumbano lwabamnyama kunye nempumelelo zihlala zilandelwa kwiintsomi zobunye bamaJuda-njengoko omabini la maqela esabela kubundlobongela baseMelika kunye nobuhlanga. Kodwa kumaxesha afana nala, abanye abantu abamnyama bajonga amaJuda njengezithintelo endaweni yokuba ngamadlelane kumzabalazo wobulungisa bobuhlanga.

[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13BHVkQUX_s&w=640&h=360]

Ngelixa uGqirha West ebhekisa kwiipateni zokungathembani okungagungqiyo kunye nokuqhawuka phakathi kwenkcubeko yabantu abamnyama baseMelika kunye nabantu abadlale indima ekusasazeni imithombo yeendaba kuyo yonke indawo, uyalishiya iyelenqe abalawula ngalo amajelo eendaba kuba uyayamkela indlela abasebenza ngayo ngendlela efanayo ukugqwesa okungaphaya kokulawulwa ngamaYuda kuwo onke amabango emali, ukutyeshela imbali yokufana kwamaJuda kuluntu nakwezoqoqosho ekudala zisigcina, nakwimiphetho yempumelelo.

Kuya kufuneka simamele uLupe Fiasco, nangona kunjalo, ngaphaya kwamagama akhe okugxeka ngamaJuda, kwisigidimi sakhe esisisiseko. Thina maJuda kufuneka sizihlukanise nokuchwetheza kunye neenkolelo eziye zasichaza ngendlela engeyiyo, kwaye singafiki ebantwini ngesifundo malunga nokubandakanywa okanye ngokuchasene nobuJuda kwasekuqaleni, nokuba yile nto ivakalelwa ngathi siyaphendula nathi. Singazenza ikheswa ngokwamkela iziseko zembali ezizalelwe kuzo iingcinga, kwaye sifuna ukuthintela naziphi na iimpawu ezikhoyo zokuxhaphaza eziqhubekayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

UFiasco ucela uxanduva oluthile kumanani amaJuda kwishishini lomculo ukuze avume le mbali ibuhlungu kwaye imbi siye sazibophelela ekuqhubekekeni, kwaye ufuna ukubona ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo ngokwayo kwinto ayithatha njengeyothusayo ishishini-njengesiqhelo. Kwaye nangona i-ADL's Greenblatt ibeka inqaku ekuphawuleni ukuba iindlela zikaLupe zokuthetha inyani yakhe ziba zimbi, iingcinga ezide ezabanjwa malunga namaJuda ngabantu abamnyama, ezingafanelekanga ukuba zinike indawo yakhe kwingxoxo ukuba ayisebenzi.

Sinokuvuma ukuba indlela yokuziphatha kwamaJuda athile ayizizo zonke iindlela zokuziphatha zamaJuda ngokujonga kwi-neocon ye-ultra-Orthodox eseWashington, ilizwe elikude neziseko eziqhubekayo, ezentlalontle zomYuda onjengoBernie Sanders. Ukanti xa uSanders ebambe indibano efana neholo yedolophu eHarlem's Apollo Theatre ngexesha lonyulo lokuqala, umbuzo wendoda malunga neyelenqe lamaJuda usongele ngokumfaka ngaphakathi kwiingcinga ezindala.

Njengoko uGreenberg ebhala:

Akukho luhlanga lunye lwabantsundu, akukho luhlanga lunye lwamaYuda. Omabini la maqela anokwahlulahlula ukwahluka kwangaphakathi ngokusekwe kwiklasi, ubume, isini, ezopolitiko, isizukulwana, umsebenzi, kunye nezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo. Isiphumo sempikiswano ye-internecine yaphuka umanyano, kunye neemvakalelo zoluntu zihlala zingqubana nezinto eziphambili kumbutho. Kukho iindawo ezininzi apho ama-Afrika aseMelika kunye namaYuda aseMelika asebenzisana; kukho ‘ubudlelwane obuntsundu phakathi kwamaJuda.’

Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibutho yamalungelo oluntu kuzo zombini iindawo zoluntu ezazilwela uninzi lweenjongo ezifanayo, ngamanye amaxesha ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngentsebenziswano. Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwabaphembeleli abamnyama nabamaJuda kwimibutho efanayo, ukusuka kwiQela lamaKomanisi ukuya kwiKomiti yokuLungelelanisa yabaFundi engenabundlobongela.

Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantsundu namaJuda kwezomculo nakwimizi-mveliso yeemovie, kwimanyano yabasebenzi nakwimisebenzi yezambatho. Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu abahlali babini kunxibelelwano lwabo lwemihla ngemihla, abachaphazeleka njengoko bekuyimfuneko kukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunye namandla okwahluka ngokobuhlanga kunye nodidi kunye nezityholo eziphindaphindayo zokuchasana namaJuda kunye nobuhlanga bamaJuda.

Ndingenza ntoni ukusasaza lo myalezo, ngelixa ndiqondayo iipateni zokwahlulahlula okubandakanyekileyo kwizinyanya zam zenkcubeko? Kwaye ingaba ndiphendulile ngayo nayiphi na imikhwa emibi?

Singajonga kwimbali, yonke -Ukususela kumzuzu wokwahlulwa kunye nokuxhaphazwa ukuya kubumbano nobumbano ngexesha lomzabalazo wamalungelo oluntu osekhona nanamhlanje-kwaye ujonge ngaphakathi ukubona ukuba, ukuba kukho nantoni na, esinokuthi siphendule ngayo ngokwenkcubeko. kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, sinokumamela amabali ahlala abo bahlukileyo kuthi.

Ukulungiswa: Uhlobo lwangaphambili lweli bali licaphule kuDorothy Wade Indoda yoMculo: U-Ahmed Ertegun, iRekhodi yeAtlantic, kunye noKoyisa kweLiwa kunye noRoll Ukuxela ukuba iRolling Stones ibone uMuddy Waters epeyinta umzi kaMzalwana kaChess. Isalamane sentsapho ye-Chess kunye neminye imithombo iqinisekisile ukuba oku bekukho kuphela kwingqondo kaKeith Richards.

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