Sukuba nexhala malunga nokufudumala — eneneni sibangelwe ngumkhenkce onzulu.Ifoto ngu-Mario Tama / Getty Izithombe Yibize isayensi eyinyani ngokuququzelela iindaba ezingeyonyani — okanye uyibize ngokuba iyingozi. Nokuba yeyiphi na loo nto ityhila isothuso esothusayo: Oososayensi kunye noLawulo lweSizwe lwe-Oceanic kunye neAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) bayilahlekisile idatha yokulahla iinkokheli zehlabathi ukuba zisayine Isivumelwano saseParis kutshintsho lwemozulu.
I-Warmists kudala inengxaki: kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo yamaqondo obushushu azinzileyo okanye anciphileyo, into eyintlekisa kwiimodeli zekhompyuter kunye noqikelelo lomhla wentshabalalo. Impendulo yabo yayiliphepha lePausebuster, elinezihloko ezinokubakho ezinokubakho zedatha kwindawo eshushu yangoku yokufudumala komhlaba kunye nokukhutshwa ngobuchule kwiphephancwadi elinempembelelo. Inzululwazi -Kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu phambi kwenkomfa yaseParis.
Kodwa impendulo yayiyi-artifice, ityhila impempe uGqirha John Bates, indoda eyayingavumi ukuphikisana nokupheka incwadi kwe-NOAA kwaye kude kube kunyaka ophelileyo yayiyenye ye-arhente ezimbini eziphambili zenzululwazi yemicimbi yemozulu.
Eli phepha lenze ibango elithandekayo, ixelwe i Imeyile yemihla ngemihla kule mpelaveki iphelileyo, ngokuchasene noko bekusitsho izazinzulu kangangeminyaka, bekungekho 'nqumama' okanye 'ukuncipha' ekufudumaleni kwehlabathi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21. Ngokwenene, eli phepha ‘likaPausebuster’… labanga izinga lokufudumala laliphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili, lisenza ukuba 'inyathelo elikhawulezileyo' liyimfuneko.
Kodwa isenzo esingxamisekileyo se-NOAA, utshilo uGqirha Bates, yayikukusebenzisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yinguqulelo yesine yedatha. Iarhente ithathe ukufundwa okuthembekileyo kwi-buoys kodwa emva koko 'iyilungelelanise' yaya phezulu-isebenzisa ukufundwa okuvela emanzini olwandle kwiinqanawa ezisebenza njengezikhululo zemozulu, ubhala Imeyile . Bakwenza oku nangona ukufundwa kweenqanawa bekusaziwa ukuba kushushu kakhulu.
Okothusayo, ukungahoyi uqhankqalazo lukaGqirha Bates, iarhente ilibazisile ukupapashwa kwenguqulelo yesine yedatha yolwandle iinyanga ezininzi emva kokuba ilungile-ukomeleza ifuthe lephepha lePausebuster, i Imeyile Iyaqhubeka ityhila.
Inkqubo ye- Imeyile uqukumbela ngelithi lo mbono wesandla ngokungathandabuzekiyo wanceda ukweyisela iinkokheli zehlabathi ukuba zisayine isivumelwano soqoqosho saseParis.
Ukutyhilwa kwe-NOAA zizithunzi zeklasikim ye-Climategate ka-2009, apho kwaqhekezwa ii-imeyile ezivela kwiYunivesithi yase-East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit kubonisiwe ukuba oososayensi babecinezela ulwazi ngokuchasene ne-ajenda yabo yokufudumeza umhlaba. Ibhetshi efanayo yee-imeyile ezingama-5 000 ezakhutshwa ngo-2011 zabonisa ngokufanayo kwaye, nangaphezulu, ixelwe Forbes , kuboniswe ukuba oososayensi bakujonga ukufudumala kwehlabathi 'njengonobangela' wezopolitiko kunokuba kube ngumbuzo olungeleleneyo wesayensi kwaye uninzi lwezi zenzululwazi zivuma ngokuphandle omnye komnye ukuba uninzi lwenzululwazi lubuthathaka kwaye luxhomekeke ekuphatheni ngabom iinyani kunye nedatha.
Ngelishwa, ubuqhetseba besayensi buxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba bekholelwa njalo-kwaye kungekuphela kwinzululwazi yemozulu. Umzekelo, i BMJ (ngaphambili i Ijenali yezoNyango yaseBritane ) ixelwe NgoJanuwari 2012 ukuba [o] ne kwizazinzulu ezisixhenxe zase-U.S okanye oogqirha babone oogxa babo betshintsha ngabom okanye beyila idatha ngethuba lophando lwabo okanye ngeenjongo zokupapasha, kwafunyanwa uphando lwabaphandi abangaphezulu kwama-2,700 olwenziwa BMJ . Inkqubo ye- BMJ ixelwe Kamva kuloo nyaka, ubuqhetseba, hayi impazamo, kutheni isibini kwisithathu yamaphepha e-biomedical arhoxisiwe (ugxininiso longezwa).
Umsunguli weGreenpeace uGqirha uPatrick Moore ubhale ngo-2015 ukuba 'abukho ubungqina benzululwazi' be-hypothesis ye-global-warming kunye ne-alarmist predictions 'ziyinyani.'
Le meko inokuya isiba mandundu, kwakhona, ukuba iintshukumo zeNational Science Foundation (NSF) zisisikhokelo. Ngelixa iimeko ezininzi zokukopa kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwedatha kunye nokuqamba kwafunyanwa kwizindululo, uphando oluxhaswe yi-NSF, kunye nokupapashwa kwe-arhente ngo-2015 nango-2016, ixelwe i Washington yasimahla Beacon NgeCawa, amagosa e-NSF akayinanzanga eyakhe inkqubo yokujonga imigaqo yokuziphatha kwaye akavuma ukohlwaya abanye babafundi abaphula umthetho kunye nososayensi.
Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo okhathazayo: Singazenza njani izigqibo ezichanekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo ukuba sondliwe ngolwazi olungelulo? Njengekhompyuter, inkunkuma ngaphakathi, inkunkuma iyaphuma.
Oku kunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ukuthandabuza kwemozulu-hayi, eyinyani -Ixhaphakile, kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela phakathi kwabalondolozi. Umzekelo, umseki weGreenpeace uGqirha Patrick Moore ubhale ngo-2015 ukuba abukho ubungqina benzululwazi bokuba i-hypothesis yokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokuba uqikelelo lwe-alarmist luyinto engeyonyani.
Isizathu esinye sokuba nethemba lokuba oku kuyinyani kukuba ezinye iingcali yitsho akukho nto sinokuyenza malunga notshintsho lwemozulu, kunjalo. Khawucinge nje ngendlela intloko yeziko laseCopenhagen Consensus kuchaziwe Kwinyanga ephelileyo ukwehlisa iqondo lobushushu nge-3 / 10th yenqanaba elinye ngokuphela kwenkulungwane-oko kukuthi, ukulibazisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kungaphantsi kweminyaka emine- kuya kubiza $ 100 trillion .
Hayi, ayisiyo itypo-kodwa iphindwe kahlanu ityala lethu lesizwe.
Ukuthetha ngamanani amangalisayo, kuhlala kusithiwa iipesenti ezingama-97 zezazinzulu ziyavumelana nethisisi yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Okwangoku kuvela ukuba oku malunga ichanekile njengedatha ye-NOAA ; nokuba ungubani na, ungaphantsi kakhulu kunama-97 IBoston Globe ixelwe izolo nje apho [m] naziphi na izazi ngemozulu zibuza inzululwazi yotshintsho lwemozulu.
Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuvumelana, kunjalo? Njengombhali ongasekhoyo uMichael Crichton ikhonjwe ngaphandle Kwintetho eqaqambileyo ka-2003 kaCaltech Michelin, imvumelwano ligama lezopolitiko — hayi inzululwazi. Imvumelwano icelwe kuphela kwiimeko apho isayensi ayiqinanga ngokwaneleyo, utshilo. Akukho mntu uthi imvumelwano yesayensi iyavuma ukuba i-E = mc2. Akukho mntu uthi imvumelwano kukuba ilanga likumgama oziimayile ezingama-93 ezigidi. Ibingasoze ifike nakubani na ukuthetha ngoluhlobo.
Ewe, imozulu iyatshintsha ngokuqinisekileyo; bekusoloko kunjalo. Umhlaba ubone ubuncinci iminyaka emihlanu yomkhenkce, kwaye mhlawumbi wawumbozwe ngekhephu nomkhenkce ngokupheleleyo ngexesha leCryogenian; ngelinye ixesha, ikhephu kunye nomkhenkce zazingabikho emhlabeni. Sikwafumana iminyaka engama-100 000 yeminyaka yokuhamba komkhenkce ilandelwe (sishushu) iminyaka engama-12,000 yeminyaka, kunye nemijikelezo yeminyaka eyi-1500 yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa okufakwe ngaphakathi.
Owu, ngoku sikwi-interglacial eye yahlala, kulungile, malunga ne-12,000 yeminyaka-oko kukuthi, kufanelekile ukuba simile.
Ke Iindaba zeendaba inokuba ichanekile xa, emva kwamashumi eminyaka amaqondo obushushu anciphile, yaqhuba ibali le-1975 isihloko Umhlaba opholileyo. Eli lelona themba loyikekayo, kananjalo. Izifundo umboniso ukuba imozulu ebandayo ngumbulali omkhulu kakhulu kunobushushu kwaye uninzi lwabantu luya kuxhamla kumaqondo obushushu anyukayo. Ngapha koko, uNjingalwazi S. Fred Singer, umlawuli osungula iProjekthi yezeNzululwazi noMgaqo-nkqubo wokusiNgqongileyo, walumkisa ngo-2015 wexesha elizayo lomkhenkce kwaye sicebisa ukuba sizame ukufumanisa indlela yokuthintela ezo ziqendu zokupholisa, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
Oku kunengqiqo kuba ukufudumala kuzala ubomi. Kutheni ucinga ukuba iitropiki ziqhayisa? engaphezulu kwe Amaxesha ali-10 aphindaphindwe kangangeentlobo zeArctic?
Kodwa kuthiwani nge-COMbini, loo bugaboo eshushubeza umhlaba? Okokuqala, akuyiyo ikhabhoni ngaphezu kweHMbiniO yihydrogen, kwaye ayingcolisi. Kukutya kwezityalo. Yayinjalo ke idayinaso 'iMesozoic Era -kunye ne-COMbiniamanqanaba ama-5 ukuya kuma-10 amaxesha anamhlanje — abonakaliswa ngamagqabi aluhlaza. Yiyo loo nto i-botanists impompa igesi kwizindlu zokugcina kunye nokuba kutheni njengamanqanaba ayo Nyusa , ngokunjalo nesivuno sezityalo. Isityalo kwi-CO ephantsiMbiniUbume bendalo bufana nomntu ozama ukuphefumla kwingqungquthela yeNtaba i-Everest.
Ethetha ngayo, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uJack O'Malley-James walumkisa Ngo-2013 ukuba ubomi eMhlabeni buza kuba ne-COMbiniukutshabalalisa okunxulumene-okubangelwa kukuncinci kwegesi, njengoko mna ubhale e Induli kwinyanga ephelile. Umbono ngowokuba ilanga elisoloko lishushu liya kubangela umphunga omkhulu, ekuhambeni kwexesha kunciphise amanqanaba ecarbon dioxide ukuya kwindawo apho izityalo zingayi kuphila. Ngethamsanqa, oku akwenzeki kude kube li-1, 000, 000 A.D, phantse kwaye kucingelwa.
Ke, kushushu, kubanda, phezulu COMbini, ezantsi, isaqhwithi-yeyiphi indlela yokuhamba? Mhlawumbi sonke kufanelekile cula Khange siwuqale uMlilo. Okanye sinokuzithuthuzela ngokwazi ukuba kukho uhlobo olunye lwentlekele ekusenokwenzeka ukuba asikaze sizikhathaze ngayo.
Wonke umntu ukhathazekile.
Imvumelwano yabantu abakrelekrele abaphambili ayizange ixele kwangaphambili ukuwa kweRoma, iSifo esiMnyama, iWWII okanye enye into eyaziwayo. Ngaba ucinga ngoku, ngequbuliso, bayifumene ibhola yabo yekristale? Intlekele kulindeleke, kodwa ihlala ingalindelekanga.
Okwangoku, iilwandle ziphakama kwaye ziyawa, uthando luyafumaneka kwaye lulahlekile, iintsana ziyazalwa kwaye ubomi buya kuqhubeka-kude kube kunjalo.
Umhlobo Wenene (@ Umhlobo Wenene ) ubhalele i-Hill, i -American Conservative, iWorldNetDaily kunye ne-American Thinker. Uye wenza igalelo kwiincwadi zekholeji ezipapashwe nguGale-Cengage Learning, uvele kumabonwakude kwaye ulundwendwe oluqhelekileyo kunomathotholo.
