Kodwa incwadi ethembisa ukufundisa abafundi ngokubanzi malunga nezibongo zangoku ikhubazekile yinyaniso engathandekiyo yokuba akukho nto injengomfundi ngokubanzi.
Umnumzana u-Orr wenza ubunyani obuqhelekileyo bokucinga ukuba iimeko zentlalo zendele emntwini, endaweni yendlela ejikeleze enye. I-cabbie yaseRussia yakha yandicengceleza indinyana ende kaPushkin, indinika uguquko-kwaye-ndilungile. Kunzima ukuthelekelela abantu abaninzi baseMelika abangazizo izifundiswa okanye iimbongi (iseti yokuqala iqulethe eyesibini) -okokuba ingaba ziikhabbies, iiWal-Mart cashiers, amagqwetha okanye ii-neurosurgeons – zifundisisa uWhitman okanye uDickinson, okanye nokuba bekwazi ukucaphula omnye okanye emibini kubo Eyona migca idumileyo, kuncinci ukulawula ukubiza imbongi enye yaseMelika ephilayo. Abantu bangafunda imibongo ukuba imibongo ibixatyisiwe yinkcubeko: Oko kubonakala kuyitutological kuphela ukuba ucinga ukuba inkcubeko yinto nje yokuhlangana kwabantu. Inkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, yenza Xabisa iincwadi ezinenjongo yokukufundisa ukuba ungayiqonda njani inkqubo enzima, enzima ngexesha elithathayo ukufunda amaphepha ali-190.
Intle kwaye ayinamsebenzi yahlulahlula iBelgium ibe yimixholo emithandathu: ubuqu; Ezopolitiko; Ifom; Amabhongo I-Fishbowl, malunga nesosioloji yemibongo; Kwaye Kutheni Ubhuti? Icandelo lokuqala lijongana nombuzo onamaqhina Ngubani lo uthathayo kwintetho yesihobe, kodwa ikwenza oko ngendlela ethobekileyo efana nomthamo. Umnumzana u-Orr ubonakala ekholelwa ekubeni umbuzo obalulekileyo wabafundi ngokubanzi kukuba ingaba lo mbongo irekhodi ngqo lamava neemvakalelo zomntu, ngoko uchitha ixesha elininzi exoxa ngekaraoke kunye nemibongo yejewel.
Icandelo kwezopolitiko licutha ubunzima bezinto zalo kwingcinga yokuba ezopolitiko kunye nemibongo ziphefumlelwe yimibono efanayo. Ubumbano phakathi kwezi ndlela zokumelwa kuqatshelwe ubuncinci ukusukela ngoPlato, kodwa uMnu Orr ubaphatha ngendlela, eluleka umbongo kaRobert Hass obizwa ngokuba yiBush's War ngokucaphula uGoethe. (Umfundi ngokubanzi akanaso isiJamani.)
Isahluko sefom sicebisa abafundi abafuna inkcazo eneenkcukacha zemitha ukuba bajonge kwenye indawo. Kwingxoxo yakhe yamabhongo, uMnu Orr wazisa inguenue ukuba iimbongi zifuna ukuphuhlisa isitayile esahlukileyo apho zinokuvelisa into ekunzima ukuyilibala. Isahluko ekucingelwa ukuba sikwintlalo-ntle yingqokelela yokuhleba, apho umntu anokufunda khona ukuba iimbongi zingangumbala wokuzingca.
Ekugqibeleni, uMnu Orr akanakho ukubonelela ngesizathu esikhulu sokukhathazeka ngemibongo, kwaye ngubani onokumbeka ityala? Awuthandi imibongo kuba umntu ekubonelela ngezizathu. Into esele ingaphakathi kuwe-into ekufanele ukuba ikhuliswe ebuntwaneni-iphendula emgceni, isimbo, usetyenziso olungaqhelekanga lolwimi. Umnumzana u-Orr uyakwazi oku: Ungoyena uqinisekileyo xa echaza indlela, kwikholeji, awufumanise ngayo umbongo kaPhilip Larkin othi Amanzi, onethoni yakhe ngabom… yayiphikisana noko ndicinga ukuba imibongo bekufanele ukuba ivakala ngathi. Ukuphendula kuka Mnu. Orr kwimigca ka Larkin Nasiphi na isibane esine-angled / Uya kudibana ngokungapheliyo uyafundisa: 'Naluphi na ukukhanya okune-angled' ayenzi ngqondo ingako, ndacinga, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yayivakala ngokugqibeleleyo. It ivakaliswe kunene. Ukuyifunda, ukuyithetha, kwandenza ndacinga (njengokuba uLarkin ngokwakhe wayibeka njalo), 'Kuyamangalisa, kwenziwa njani, ndingakwenza?'
Oku kulungile; amava awachazayo akanako ukufundiswa. U-Ezra Pound kwi I-ABC yokufunda (eshiyekileyo sesona sibhalo siluncedo kumbandela ngokuchanekileyo kuba sesona sinobugqwetha) ubhale isivakalisi ekuphela kwento ekufuneka eyibonile: INDLELA efanelekileyo yokufunda izibongo… kukujonga ngononophelo lo mbandela, kunye nokuthelekiswa okuqhubekayo kwesilayidi esinye 'okanye umzekelo ngomnye. Iponti ayizukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-anapest, nokuba yeyiphi, kodwa ibandakanya okuncinci kakhulu malunga neFoetry.com.
Andicebisi ukuba le yincwadi embi yohlobo lwayo, kodwa olu hlobo lwencwadi luhlala lubi. UMnu Orr ungumgxeki ofanelekileyo; ukuphononongwa kwakhe kuhlala kufanelekile ukuba kufundwe. Into angeyiyo, nanini, ungumgxeki onobungozi, kwaye incwadi enje ifuna into ebukhali yePound ukuba kukuthintela ukubuyela kwi-bland yeenkonzo zikarhulumente ezihlala zihamba neenzame zokufumana abantu unomdla kwimibongo . (Kwincwadi nadir, Mnu. Orr ubala uGoogle ngokubetha ibinzana endilithandayo umbongo.)
Umnumzana uOrr uthathe isiluleko sikaPound sokuba iGloom kunye nomthendeleko azikho ndawo nakwezona zifundo zinzima zobugcisa ekuqaleni ezazenzelwe ukwenza intliziyo yomntu ibe nemihlali, kodwa ndiyoyika uMnu Orr ucinga ukuba uyahlekisa. Kwaye akakho. Akukho nto apha esondela kububi bendlela ehlekisayo Uphengululo lweParis 'IiNkcubeko Iidayari azibhale kwinyanga ephelileyo nge-The Awl (Google it – you can actually hear the crickets), kodwa uninzi lweziqhulo lwandikhumbuza unjingalwazi ozama ukuba sisinqe. Malunga nombongo kaJennifer Moxley okhalaza indlela iimbongi ezifundana ngayo, u-Orr uyabuza, Kuthekani ukuba sicinga ukuba oku kungabikho kokusesikweni kuluhlu olungezantsi kwe-jaywalking, kwaye mhlawumbi elinye likhabe ngaphezulu kwe-boachos? Kwenye indawo uthi uPound wayeluhlobo lweNkundla yaseThando yomhla wakhe. Okuncinci koku kuhamba ixesha elide, kodwa njengoDave Fleischer kwangoko Popeye iikhathuni, iOrr kufuneka ibenegag kuyo yonke indawo.
Zonke ezenza ukuba ngelishwa ukuba amaphepha okugqibela e Intle kwaye ayinamsebenzi zichaphazela kwaye zitsalwe kakuhle. Ziqulathe i-akhawunti yemizamo kaMnu Orr yokwazisa utata wakhe kwiziyolo zemibongo njengoko wayesifa ngumhlaza. Kuvakala ngathi luhlobo lokubhenela ekusondeleni apho u-Orr ehleka ngokufanelekileyo kwenye indawo, kodwa ulumke kakhulu ukuba angayiqondi loo nto, ukuzikhusela ngokuchasene nokuzikhusela. Ubhala okokuqala kule ncwadi ngokungathi uyinyanisile. Uyise wamelana noRobert Frost kodwa wawela ku-Edward Lear. 'Ndiyathanda, utshilo uTata,' icephe elibalekayo. ' La maphepha ambalwa okugqibela anele ukwenza ukuba unqwenele ukuba uMnu Orr abhale uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwencwadi. Ngokuqinisekileyo baxelela umfundi kude lee kunayo nantoni na apha malunga nendlela emnandi ngayo imibongo, nokuba kutheni obu buhle buhlala bufumaneka kwimibongo yokungabi nantsingiselo.
umhleli@observer.com
