Ukujonga kwakhona iAgatha Christie's Orientalism 'ekufeni kuNayile'

Ukumkanikazi wemfihlakalo kunye noMayhem uyaqhubeka nokukhathaza ubume boncwadi. Eli xesha lidlulileyo lishicilelo esitsha somboniso bhanyabhanya ka-Agatha Christie wolwaphulo-mthetho oludala Ukufa kumNayile bekucwangciselwe ukuphuma. Endaweni yokuba ikopi entsha enzima ikhutshwe emva kokuba imovie ilibazisekile. Ifilimu yile ngoku icwangcisiwe ukuphuma kamva kulo nyaka, eneenkwenkwezi uKenneth Branagh, uGal Gadot, kunye noArmie Hammer.

Wazalwa ngo-1890, umsebenzi kaChristie wonwabe kakhulu okoko wakhululwa. Iincwadi zakhe ziyaqhubeka nokuthengisa kakhulu ngelixa ii-biographies zakhe zihlala zithi iBhayibhile kunye noShakespeare bathengisa umsebenzi wakhe. Iinoveli ezinje nge Kwaye kwakungekho , Ukubulala kwi-Express Express , kunye I-A.B.C. Ukubulala Baye baqhubeka nokonwabela ukuthandwa becenga ukubonwa kwemiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye noomabonakude okokoko wasweleka ngo-1976.

Ukufa kuNayile , njengexabiso elifanelekileyo leenoveli zikaChristie, zibekwe phesheya. Incwadana yapapashwa ngo-1937 ngexesha eliphakathi. Incwadana ilandela uHercule Poirot, omnye wabacuphi abadumileyo bakaChristie, ngelixa eseholideyini e-Egypt. I-Poirot ikhwele isikhephe esiya kunyuka ngeNayile xa ukubulala kwenzeka, kulandele enye nenye. Kungekudala uphando olululo luyaqhubeka.

Ukwakhiwa kwesazisi sama-impiriyali kugxunyekwe ngokunzulu kwisiseko soncwadi lwaseBritane, nokuba oku kuza kwimiboniso yemfazwe kunye namagqala njengaseVirginia Woolf UNksk Dalloway okanye ukubala ngelifa lobukoloniyalizim njengakuZadie Smith Amazinyo amhlophe . Ukwakha ubukhosi idomeyini iyafuneka, ‘thina’ kunye nabo ‘Iminqweno kaChristie yamkhokelela ngqo kule ndlela. Iinoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho zifuna 'thina' kunye 'nazo' ngokunjalo, zihlala zikwimo yomnye ububi. Nokuba iimfihlakalo ezimnandi zokubulala zifuna umntu wangaphandle ohleli ekoneni kunye nenkcazo yendlela abaye baba ngabangaphandle. Ukuba babefudula beyinxalenye 'yethu' isizathu sokujika kwabo ebubini siyafuneka.

Iinoveli zikaChristie khange zibe ngumphambukeli kwimpikiswano, ukusuka ekuthini kuye qamba ngokutsha iinoveli ekwakhiweni kwakhe ‘kweenkcubeko zemveli,’ njengoko kungqinwa Imfihlelo yeCaribbean kwaye nalapha ngaphakathi Ukufa kuNayile . Umsebenzi wakhe uhlala esebenzisa ulwimi olunobuhlanga kunye nezithuko kulwakhiwo lwazo lweembono malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuba netyala, nokuba kungokuvakaliswa kwezimvo okanye iingcinga eziqinisekileyo.

Iinoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka zixinene nomoya. Iindawo 'zangaphandle' ziyaqhelaniswa kwaye zithwaliswe imifanekiso, ngelixa iindawo ezikufutshane zijijekile zingaqhelananga. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ububi bungaphandle kweziko elithandekayo. Umdla ka-Agatha Christie eMpuma ugcwele. Wayedla ngokundwendwela iindawo ezaziwayo zokumba aze adibane nomyeni wakhe wesibini kunye nomembi wezinto zakudala owaziwayo, uMax Mallowan, kwenye yeziza zaseUre.

Abaphengululi bajonge kwindawo yokunyibilika ye-orientalism, ubuhlanga, kunye nekoloniyalizimali emsebenzini kaChristie. UMevlüde Zengin ubhale amanqaku ezixoxa ngomsebenzi wesifundiswa sangaphambi kobukoloniyali uEdward Said, umbhali wombhalo osisiseko I-Orientalism, ngokunxulumene nokwakhiwa kukaChristie kwelaseMpuma njengenye. Okwangoku, uninzi lohlalutyo lomsebenzi kaChristie kubonakala ngathi aluqapheli imbali yakhe ye-Orientalism kunye nobuhlanga. Ukuba bayayenza, babonakala ngathi bayayihlamba ecaleni, njengo-2010 ENew Yorker iprofayile kaChristie kubonakala ngathi. Ngelixa uhlalutyo olunzulu ngobuhlanga kunye nobukoloniyaliyali sele luqalisile kwintetho yoncwadi, uChristie ubonakala ngathi ukhubazekile.

UChristie ngokwakhe uyavuma Ukufa kuNayile Njengomnye 'wohambo lwangaphandle' kwaye akholelwa ukuba amabali abecuphi awanasizathu sokungabaleki uncwadi. Umbuzo ukhawuleza ube ngowokuba ubaleka kubani kwaye uyephi?

I-canon yakhe ihlala iphinda ibuyele kwixesha eliphakathi, ecinga ngokuphulukana nohlobo oluthile lobomi ngokubeka abaphandi abadala njengoPoirot okanye u-Miss Marple ecaleni kwabalinganiswa abancinci, abancinci abanezikhululo ezahlukeneyo zopolitiko okanye zoqoqosho. Uninzi lwaba bantu bane, ubuncinci ngokwe-Poirot kunye no-Miss Marple, yokuziphatha okubi.

UChristie wakha imeko yenkohliso ye-claustrophobic kwi Ukufa kuNayile . I-Poirot, ngelixa uhamba nge-Assuan, ivalwe nge-riffraff yeentsana. I-riffraff ngabarhwebi, aqhubeke abize iqela lomntu leempukane. UPoirot ayinguye kuphela umlinganiswa obhekisa kumaYiputa ngale ndlela. Umntu omnye othetha ngokuthethelelayo kumaJiphethe ugwetywa njengekomanisi egcwele ityhefu. IKhomanisi, uMnu Ferguson, uthabathe i-Egypt njengelizwe labasebenzi abagqibeleleyo ekubonakala ukuba abakuboni ukufa ngendlela efanayo neNtshona. Emva kokubulawa komnye okwenzekileyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo uxelela omnye umgibeli we-steamboat ukuba kufuneka ajonge ekufeni njengokuba abantu baseMpuma besenza. Sisiganeko nje – asinakuphawuleka. Omnye umntu okrokrelayo ngokubulala Kukho into ngeli lizwe endenza ndizive ndinobubi. Izisa ngaphezulu kwazo zonke izinto ezibilayo ngaphakathi kum.

Njengamanoveli olwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka, Ukufa kuNayile ineqhawe elikhanyayo elingenakufikeleleka. U-Poirot lipolisa elidla umhlala-phantsi, u-bachelor ofundileyo, kunye nembacu ngokwebhayiloji yakhe nangona oku kungakhankanyiwe kule noveli. Ucaphula kanobom eBhayibhileni ngenkanuko kwaye akavumeli liso lakhe lijonge. Xa uPoirot ethetha ihlala ixoxwa njengeqhina okanye ukuhambisa iingcebiso. Ininzi into ayithethayo ngothando nokukrexeza, umzimba kufuneka ube ngowesibini kwingqondo.

UChristie unomdla wokubhala iiphazili eziphantse zangasombululeka. Wayesoloko esithi zonke iimfumba zeencwadi zakhe zaziphendulwa ngokulula nangona kwakusoloko kukho iziphelo zamaqhinga. Iipuzzle zakhe yayiyindlela encinci, eyonwabisayo yokwenza lula ububi. Kwilizwe likaChristie elicocekileyo, ukuvumela ububi kwi-puzzle efanelekileyo kusivumela ukuba sizive sihlaziye ezindlwini zethu ebusuku. Ubungqongqo bobomi njengoko sibazi bunokuqhubeka nokubulela ekudalweni kocwangco ngabantu abanjengoPoirot. UDame Agatha Christie eParis ngoMatshi 1971 (AFP ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty)AFP ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty

Iyavakala into yokuba lifune ukuba umhlaba usombululeke. Ukujongana nobubi njengento engaphandle kwethu. Ukukholelwa ukuba ubulungisa benzeka phaya kwabanye abantu kwaye ayingomzamo woluntu kodwa ngumntu omnye. Olu hlobo lobulungisa lufuna umsebenzi omncinci. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba uChristie aphumelele kangaka. Iipuzzle zakhe zilungile, ziyonwabisa kumnandi. Iprozi yakhe ifana nomdlalo kunenoveli enamabali abaliswa ikakhulu ngengxoxo. Ziyeyona ndawo yolwandle efundwayo. Olu lungiso lukhawulezayo lunokuthuthuzela, njengebali esele silazi. Abanye bafundise ukuba yiyo loo nto ibonisa ngathi Umthetho kunye noMyalelo: SVU zithandwa kakhulu. Sifuna ukukholelwa ukuba ubulungisa benziwe kwindawo ethile, kwiyure ecocekileyo okanye kumaphepha angamakhulu amabini.

Kodwa njengoko sibonile unyaka nonyaka, ukufunda ngokuthuthuzela kuhlala kuthuthuzela kuphela kwabanye. Ukuba abanye abafundi banokutsiba ngokulula kumagqabantshintshi kaChristie okanye inkcazo yabantu njengamaqela eempukane, abanye abafundi abaninzi abanakho okanye abayi kukwenza.

Sele iyindlela edinisayo: ngaba sinyanzela iitekisi zakudala ukuba zibambelele kwinto esiyaziyo ngoku? Njengokuba, ngexesha likaChristie, ababhali base-Egypt babengabhali amava abo.

Ejonge e Ukufa kuNayile okanye nayiphi na inoveli efana nomsebenzi wentetho yezopolitiko ayichazwanga. Ewe uChristie wayeyimveliso yexesha lakhe. Kwaye abafundi baya kuwufumana wathuthuzela umsebenzi, njengokufunda ivesi elidala yeBhayibhile nokuba umntu akasakholelwa okanye u-sonnet uvile amaxesha amaninzi. Iimbali ezilula zokulungileyo nokungalunganga zifuna i-brushstrokes ebanzi kunye neepomoms kumgama, kodwa into abayifunayo ayingxaki yabalinganiswa abaneemvelaphi ezihlaziyiweyo. Ngelixa kukho ukonwaba ekufundeni iincwadana, zikwadala ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo ukwahlula ukutya okunezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokufuna ababhali abanomsebenzi wabo onokuthi unikeze ukungalingani kubaphathiswa abaxolisayo bababhali abanjengoAgatha Christie.