Ukuva ilizwi elishicilelweyo lomgcini wenqwelomoya okhaliphileyo njengoko ebalisa ngokuzolileyo ikhosi egwetyiweyo yeAmerican Airlines Flight 11 iyibuyisile yonke. Ukoyikeka okungumkhenkce ngaloo ntsasa kaSeptemba kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha eyadlulayo. Imibuzo engaphendulwanga. U-Betty Ong ubalise ngokuqweqwediswa kokuqala ukuya kuthi ga kumzuzu u-Mohamed Atta aqhube i-Boeing 767 kwi-tower esemantla ye-World Trade Centre.
Imizuzu engamashumi amabini anesithathu kwiakhawunti yakhe yokuqhushumba, ilizwi lika-Ong laphela ngesiquphe. Kuqhubeka ntoni, Betty? wabuza umnxibelelwano wakhe wasemhlabeni, uNydia Gonzalez. Betty, thetha nam. Ndicinga ukuba kungenzeka ukuba siphulukene naye.
I-catharsis yeemvakalelo, ewe. Kwakungekho neliso elomileyo kwigumbi lokumamela leNdlu yeeNgwevu apho ookhomishinari abali-10 baphanda ukusilela okuninzi kokuzikhusela kwesizwe sethu kunye nokuphendula kuhlaselo lwabanqolobi lwango-9/11. Kodwa iimpendulo? Abaninzanga. Obona bungqina boyikisayo buhlala bufihlakele kwimbonakalo ecacileyo.
Ikhomishini eyahlulwe nge-9/11 ikhomishini yakwazi ukuvumelana ngokusasazwa esidlangalaleni kwemizuzu emine enesiqingatha kwiteyiphu yeBetty Ong, apho uluntu lwaseMelika kunye nosapho oluninzi lwamaxhoba beva okokuqala kwiindaba zangokuhlwa zikaJan. 27. Kodwa abakhomishinari bebengalwazi ulwazi olubalulekileyo olunikwe kwifowuni etyhila nangakumbi, eyenziwe ngomnye umntu owayeligorha kwinqwelomoya, uMadeline (Amy) Sweeney. Babengazi kuba umphathi wabo, uPhilip Zelikow, ukhetha obuphi ubungqina kunye namangqina ukuba abazise. Umnumzana Zelikow, njengomcebisi wangaphambili ku-9/11 wolawulo luka-Bush, unongquzulwano olucacileyo.
Umnxeba womfazi wam yayilulwazi lokuqala lwenqwelomoya kunye noRhulumente ngaloo mini, utshilo uMike Sweeney, umyeni ongumhlolokazi ka-Amy Sweeney, owajongana ubuso ngobuso nabaphangi kwi-Flight 11. Wanika indawo yokuhlala kunye neenkcazo zomgibeli. , eyavumela amagosa ukuba abachonge njengamadoda aseMpuma Mpuma-ngamagama-nangaphambi kwengozi yokuqala. Wanika amagosa umkhondo ophambili kwinto yokuba le yayingekuko ukuxhwila ngokwesiko. Kwaye wanika ingxelo yokuqala kunye nengqina lokuzibonela ngebhombu ebhodini.
Wazi njani ukuba yibhombu? ubuze umnxeba wakhe.
Kuba abaxuthi bandibonise ibhombu, utshilo uSweeney, echaza iingcingo zayo ezityheli nezibomvu.
Umnxeba wokuqala kaSweeney ovela kwinqwelomoya nge-7: 11 kusasa ngo-Septemba 11-umnxeba kuphela awabonisa kuwo ukukhathazeka ngokweemvakalelo. Inqwelomoya i-11 yalibaziseka, kwaye wabamba la mathuba ambalwa okutsalela umnxeba ekhaya ngethemba lokuthetha nentombi yakhe eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, uAnna, ukuba axele ukuba akazisoli kangakanani ukuba angambeka ebhasini ukuya enkulisa. Unyana kaNks. Sweeney uJack wayezalwe kwiinyanga ezininzi ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye wayethathe elona xesha liphezulu ehlotyeni elidlulileyo ukuba kunye nabantwana bakhe. Kodwa kwafuneka abuyele emva kuwa, ukuze abambe iBoston-to-LA. Uhambo, ucacisile umyeni wakhe.
Inqwelomoya yaseMelika i-11 isuke kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iLogan eBoston ngo-7: 59 kusasa ngo-8: 14 kusasa, iFA.A.A. umlawuli olandela olo hambo luvela kwiziko eliseNashua, NH, wayesele eyazi ukuba ilahlekile; itransonder yayo yayicinyiwe, kwaye isilawuli asinakufumana mpendulo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya. Umlawuli wezithuthi zomoya waqhagamshelana nomqhubi wenqwelomoya iUnited Airlines Flight 175, ethi ngeye 8: 14 nayo ishiye iLogan yaseBoston isiya eCalifornia, yacela uncedo lwayo ekufumaneni iFlight 11.
USweeney watyibilika esihlalweni sabakhweli kumqolo olandelayo wokugqibela womqeqeshi kwaye wasebenzisa iAirfone ukubiza iAmerican Airlines Flight Service kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iLogan yaseBoston. Lo ngu-Amy Sweeney, uxele. Ndikwi-Flight 11-le nqwelo-moya ithinjiwe. Uye wacinywa. Uphindile: Ndimamele, kwaye undimamele ngenyameko. Kwimizuzwana nje, ummangalelwa wakhe otyhafileyo wathathelwa indawo lilizwi alaziyo.
Amy, lo nguMichael Woodward. Umphathi wenkonzo yokubhabha ngenqwelo moya eAmerican Airlines wayenobuhlobo noSweeney ishumi leminyaka, ngoko ke akakhange achithe naliphi na ixesha eqinisekisa ukuba le yayingeyiyo inkohliso. UMichael, le nqwelomoya ithinjiwe, UNks Sweeney uphindaphindiwe. Ngokuzola, wamnika indawo ezihlala kuyo izihange ezintathu: 9D, 9G kunye no-10B. Uthe bonke banemvelaphi yoMbindi Mpuma, kwaye omnye uthetha isiNgesi kakuhle.
Umnumzana Woodward wayalela ugxa wakhe ukuba abethe ngenqindi ezi ndawo zokuhlala ekhompyutheni. Ubuncinci imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba inqwelomoya yenze ingozi, inqwelo moya yayinamagama, iidilesi, iinombolo zomnxeba kunye namakhadi etyala abo bathathu kwabahlaseli. Babesazi ukuba i-9G yayingu-Abdulaziz al-Omari, i-10B yayingu-Satam al-Suqami, kwaye i-9D yayingu-Mohamed Atta-inkokeli ye-9/11 yabanqolobi.
Iphupha elibi laqala phambi kokuba inqwelo-moya yokuqala iphahlazeke, utshilo uMike Sweeney, kuba wathi umfazi wam akunika izihlalo zabaphangi kwaye uMichael Woodward watsala ulwazi lomkhweli, igama likaMohamed Atta lalikhona. Kwakufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni abachasene nayo.
Umnumzana Woodward kwangaxeshanye wayedlulisa ulwazi luka Sweeney kwikomkhulu laseMelika eDallas-Fort Worth. Kwakungekho zixhobo zokucofa eofisini yakhe, kuba eyona meko kaxakeka iqhelekileyo elawulwa ngumphathi wenkonzo yenqwelomoya iya kuba ngumnxeba ovela kwiqela labasebenzi elijongene nabakhweli abali-12 kwiklasi yokuqala kunye nezidlo ezisibhozo kuphela. Ke uMnu Woodward ebenomsindo ebhala amanqaku.
Iakhawunti ka-Amy Sweeney yazisa i-airline ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga eyenzekayo. Uxelele uMnu.Woodward akakholelwa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bayayiqhuba inqwelomoya kwakhona. Wayengakwazi ukunxibelelana ne-cockpit. U-Sweeney usenokuba uye ngaphambili kwiklasi yeshishini, kuba udlulisele iindaba ezothusayo ku-Betty Ong, owayehleli kwisihlalo sokutsiba esingasemva. Kwingcaciso yobungcali, uthe: Inombolo yethu engu-1 ihlatywe, ibhekisa kuhlaselo olunobundlobongela kwinqwelomoya, nayo enguNombolo 5, omnye umlindi wendiza. Uye waxela ukuba umgibeli kwi-9B wayenqunywe umqala ngumdlwenguli owayehleli emva kwakhe kwaye wabonakala ngathi ufile. U-Betty Ong ugqithisele olu lwazi ku-Nydia Gonzalez, umphathi wokubhukisha e-North Carolina, owathi ngaxeshanye wabamba enye ifowuni endlebeni yakhe ngomgca ovulekileyo kwigosa lase-American Airlines u-Craig Marquis kwikomkhulu lenkampani i-Dallas.
Inyaniso yokuba abaxheli baqalise ukuthatha kwabo ngokubulala umkhweli kunye nokuhlaba abasebenzi ababini kuye kwafuneka ukuba babe ngabokuqala ukuva ukuba le yayingeyiyo into yokuqweqwediswa okuqhelekileyo. Andikhumbuli nabaphi na abasebenzi beenqwelomoya okanye abakhweli abonzakeleyo ngexesha lokuxhwilwa ngexesha lomsebenzi wam, utshilo uPeg Ogonowski, umlindi omkhulu wenqwelomoya obaleke neMelika kangangeminyaka engama-28.
U-Betty Ong kunye no-Amy Sweeney nabo baxele ukuba abaxhwili basebenzise imace okanye ipepile kwaye abakhweli kudidi lweshishini abakwazi ukuphefumla. Enye into ebabazekayo abaqweqwedisi abanenjongo eyodwa kunye nobundlobongela beza kwingxelo yokuqala kaBetty Ong: I-cockpit ayiphenduli umnxeba wabo. Asinakungena kwi-cockpit. Asazi ukuba ngubani ophezulu phaya.
Osebenza naye oyindoda kaNks. Gonzalez emva koko uza emgceni kwaye enze lo mbono unomsindo: Ewe, ukuba babenobuqili, babegcina umnyango uvaliwe. Ngaba ngekhe bagcine i-cockpit engenazintsholongwane?
UOng uphendule wathi: Ndicinga ukuba abafana baphezulu phaya.
UNks Sweeney uxelele unxibelelwano lomhlaba ukuba inqwelomoya itshintshe ngokupheleleyo indlela; yayibhabha ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye yehla ngokukhawuleza. Umnumzana Woodward wamcela ukuba ajonge ngaphandle kwefestile- wabona ntoni?
Ndibona amanzi. Ndibona izakhiwo. Sihamba ngenqwelomoya ezantsi, siphaphazela ngendlela ephantsi kakhulu, uphendule watsho uSweeney, ngokwamanqaku athathwe nguMnu Woodward. U-Sweeney emva koko waphefumlela phezulu kwaye wakhamisa, Owu, Thixo wam.
Ngo-8: 46 kusasa, uMnu.Woodward waphulukana nokunxibelelana no-Amy Sweeney-umzuzu we-metamorphosis, xa inqwelomoya yakhe yaba ngumjukujelwa okhokelwa kwinqaba ephethe amawaka abantu ababengalindelanga. Ke ngamanye amaxesha phakathi kwe-8: 30 kunye ne-8: 46, umMelika kufuneka ukuba wayeyazi into yokuba ukuxhwila kunxibelelene ne-Al Qaeda, utshilo uMike Sweeney. Ingayimizuzu eli-16 ukuya kwengama-32 ngaphambi kokuba inqwelo-moya yesibini igqobhoze inqaba esemazantsi.
Ngaba amagosa eenqwelo moya zaseMelika abeka iliso kwincoko yeSweeney kunye neWoodward ngewayazi kwangoko ukuba u-Mohamed Atta unxibelelene ne-Al Qaeda?
Impendulo mhlawumbi nguewe, utshilo u-9/11 ilungu lekhomishini uBob Kerrey, kodwa kubonakala kum ukuba ubuthathaka apha, ekusebenzeni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-9/11, kukungafuni ukukholelwa ukuba i-United States yaseMelika inokuhlaselwa. Ke awubeki zixhobo zokuzikhusela endaweni. Awuzami ukukrola abantu abanonxibelelwano namaqela amaSilamsi agqithisileyo.
UPeg Ogonowski, umhlolokazi kaputeni weFlight 11, uJohn Ogonowski, wayebazi bobabini uBetty noAmy kakuhle. Baye bazi ukuba bajongana nabazinikeleyo, utshilo. Amagama athi 'abagibeli boMbindi Mpuma' angabeka ukuphola kwintliziyo yelungu labasebenza ngenqwelomoya. Babengalindelekanga; wawungenako ukuqiqa nabo.
UNks Ogonowski wayeyazi le nto kuye phantse kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu yamava njengomhambi wenqwelomoya waseMelika. Yena nomyeni wakhe babephuphe ixesha kwikamva elingekude kakhulu xa abantwana babo abakwishumi elivisayo babeya kuba badala ngokwaneleyo ukuba esi sibini sikwazi ukusebenza ngenqwelomoya efanayo eYurophu kwaye sonwabele ixesha labo eLondon naseParis kunye. Wayecwangciselwe ukubhabha inqwelomoya nge-11 ngo-Septemba. 13. Emva kwango-Septemba 11, wazicingela ezihlangwini zikaSweeney: Xa u-Amy wayithatha ifowuni-wayengunina wabantwana abancinci-kwakufuneka eyazi loo nto, ngelo xesha , usenokujongwa ngomnye umgibeli ohleli kwisitulo sabakhweli oya kufaka imbumbulu entloko. Into awayenzayo yayikhaliphile ngendlela emangalisayo.
Inokwenzeka njani ke into yokuba ikhomishini iphoswe-okanye izityeshele izibakala ezibalulekileyo zokuba aba baphenduli bokuqala bazise amagosa ngala mhla woyikekayo?
Kubonakala kumangalisa kum ukuba babengazi, utshilo uNksk. Ogonowski. Umbuso waseMassachusetts unomvuzo kwigama lika-Amy Sweeney lobukroti eluntwini. Abamkeli bokuqala yayinguJohn Ogonowski noBetty Ong. Umsitho wenkundla epheleleyo wabanjwa ngoSeptemba 11, 2002, eFaneuil Hall eBoston, kunye neeSenators uKennedy noKerrey kunye nezopolitiko zikarhulumente zonke.
Nditsho neFBI. yamkele u-Amy Sweeney ngokunika elona wonga liphakamileyo kwezoluntu, iBhaso loMlawuli weNkonzo kaRhulumente eziBalaseleyo. UNkosikazi Sweeney ufanelwe ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ngenxa yeqhawe lakhe, ukungazingci kunye nendlela yobungcali awayephila ngayo kwimizuzu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, ngokwe-FBI.
Into efunwa ngumyeni wakhe yile: Lusetyenziswe nini kwaye njani olu lwazi malunga nezihange? Ngaba amaxesha okugqibela ka-Amy asetyenziswe kakuhle ukukhusela nokusindisa abanye?
Siyayazi into ayithethileyo kumanqaku, kwaye urhulumente unazo, utshilo uMary Schiavo, owayesoyikeka ukuba nguMhloli-Jikelele weSebe lezoThutho, ogama lakhe lesidlaliso phakathi kwamagosa eenqwelomoya yayingu-Scary Mary. UNks Schiavo wayehleli kwindibano yekhomishini malunga nokhuseleko lwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya nge-9/11 kwaye wayenyanyisiwe yinto eyishiyileyo. Ngayo nayiphi na enye imeko, ayinakucingwa ukubamba izinto zophando ezivela kwikhomishini ezimeleyo, uxelele lo mbhali. Kukho iziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Kodwa ikhomishini ngokucacileyo ayithethi kuye wonke umntu okanye ayisixeleli yonke into.
Obu asingabo bodwa ubungqina obufihlwe kwimbonakalo ecacileyo.
Umphathi wenqwelomoya iAmerican Flight 11 wahlala kulawulo lwendlela ephambukileyo esuka eBoston isiya eNew York, ethumela uthumelo ngonomathotholo olungena gunya kwabasemagunyeni emhlabeni. UCaptain John Ogonowski wayeyindoda eyomeleleyo neyindlongondlongo kunye nethuku lomqhubi wenqwelomoya owayesindile eVietnam. Unike ukufikelela okungaqhelekanga kwidrama ngaphakathi kwindawo yakhe yokulala ngokukhangela iqhosha lokuthetha kwidyokhwe yenqwelomoya (okanye ivili). Iqhosha lalityhalelwa ngaphakathi uninzi lwendlela eya eNew York, iFA.A. umlawuli wezithuthi zomoya uxelele iChristian Science Monitor ukuba ilandele usuku emva kwentlekele. Wayefuna ukuba sazi ukuba kukho into engalunganga. Xa watyhala iqhosha kwaye umgrogrisi wathetha, sazi ukuba kukho eli lizwi lisongela umqhubi wenqwelomoya, kwaye ngokucacileyo lalisoyikisa.
Ngokomgaqo wexesha kamva ohlengahlengisiweyo yi-F.A.A., i-Flight 11's transponder yacinywa ngo-8: 20 kusasa, kuphela kwimizuzu engama-21 emva kohambo. (Kwanangaphambi koko, mhlawumbi ngomzuzu okanye ngaphezulu, u-Amy Sweeney waqala ingxelo yakhe kwiziko lokusebenza laseMelika eLogan.) Inqwelo-moya yajika yabheka ezantsi isiya eNew York, nangaphezulu kweF.A.A. umlawuli weva ukuhanjiswa ngengxelo eyoyikisayo ngunqolobi ngasemva, esithi, Sineenqwelomoya ezininzi. Sinezinye iinqwelomoya. Ngexesha lokuhanjiswa, ilizwi lomqhubi kunye nelizwi eliqine kakhulu lomqweqwedisi zazivakala ngokucacileyo, ngokutsho kwabalawuli ababini. Yonke yayirekhodwe yiFA.A. Iziko lolawulo lwezithuthi e-Nashua, NH Ngokutsho kwentatheli, u-Mark Clayton, amagosa anyanzelisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho e-F.A.A. indawo emva kohlaselo lweZiko loRhwebo lweHlabathi kwaye yathatha iiteyiphu.
Ngokwazi kwalo mbhali, akuzange kubekho kukhankanywa esidlangalaleni malunga nengxelo yomqhubi wenqwelomoya ukusukela oko kwabhengezwa iindaba ngoSeptemba 12, 2001. Iintsapho zabasebenzi beenqwelomoya beva nje ngayo, kodwa xa uPeg Ogonowski ebuza kwiAmerican Airlines ukuba imvumele ayive, khange aphinde eve. I-F.A.A. yabo Abaphathi babalela abalawuli ukuba bathethe naye nabani na ongomnye.
Ngaba iF.B.I. uguqukele le khasethi ibalulekileyo kwikhomishini?
Kwiphaneli yekhomishini kaJanuwari kukhuseleko lwezokuphapha, imigca emibini yeesuti ezingwevu yagcwalisa umva wegumbi lokumamela. Babengengabo abahloli ngokubanzi kwayo nayiphi na iarhente yaseburhulumenteni ebizelwe ukunikela ubungqina. Ngapha koko, utshilo uMary Schiavo, akukho ziko ngaphakathi kulawulo elinyanzela naziphi na iziphumo. Iisuti ezingwevu yayingamagqwetha eeenqwelo moya, zijikeleza ngelixa abaphathi abakhulu baseMelika naseUnited benika ubungqina babo.
URobert Bonner, intloko ye-Customs kunye noKhuselo lweMida, ekugqibeleni wadubula wabuyela kwiphaneli ngokuqhayisa okumangalisayo.
Sasibaleka abakhweli ngenkqubo esetyenziswa yi-Customs-ezimbini zabethwa kuluhlu lwethu lokubukela lwango-Agasti 2001, uMnu Bonner wangqina. Kwaye ngokujonga amagama ama-Arabhu kunye neendawo zabo zokuhlala, ukuthengwa kwamatikiti kunye nolunye ulwazi lwabagibeli, akuzange kuthathe lukhulu ukwenza uhlalutyo lwekhonkco oluqhelekileyo. Amagosa ajongene nezinto zakwamanye amazwe akwazi ukubamba izihlangu ezinokuba zi-19 kwisithuba semizuzu engama-45.
Wayethetha ukuba emva kwemizuzu engama-45 emva kokuba iinqwelomoya zathinjwa zajikwa zayimijukujelwa. Ndabona iphepha ngo-11 kusasa, watsho, esongeza ngokuzingca, Kwaye olo hlalutyo lwachonga abanqolobi ngokuchanekileyo.
I-American Airlines iphendule njani? Ngokutsho komhlolokazi uMike Sweeney, Ukusukela nge-11 kaSeptemba, i-AMR [inkampani yabazali yeAmerican Airlines] ifuna ukuyilibala yonke le nto yenzekileyo. Abayi kundivumela ukuba ndithethe noMichael Woodward, kunye neenyanga ezintlanu okanye njalo: bayamyeka. IKomiti eLawulayo yeeNtsapho ikhuthaze ikhomishini ukuba yenze udliwanondlebe noMichael Woodward malunga nolwazi ngeSweeney, njengoko wenzayo umntakwabo Nks Ong, uHarry Ong. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwetyala malunga nokukhuseleka ngenqwelomoya, umntu owayesebenza wafowunela uMnu.Woodward wabuza imibuzo embalwa. Kodwa ingxelo eqhushumbe ebonelelwa ngu-Amy Sweeney kwimizuzu yakhe yokugqibela engama-23 yobomi ayifakwanga kwindibano yekhomishini ye-9/11 malunga nokhuseleko lwezokundiza.
Umda wexesha ophazamisa kakhulu ngowokugqibela kwimishini yokuzibulala e-United Airlines Flight 93, kamva ekucingelwa ukuba imiselwe i-US Capitol, ukuba ayisiyiyo iNdlu ye-White House. Ukungangqinelani okukhulu kuyaqhubeka kwiinyani ezisisiseko, njengaxa yangena kwilizwe lasePennsylvania kufutshane neShanksville. Ixesha elisemthethweni lokuchaphazeleka ngokwe-NORAD, i-North American Air Defense Command, ngu-10: 03 ekuseni, idatha ye-seismograph yase-US yanika ixesha lempembelelo njenge-10: 06: 05. I-F.A.A. inika ixesha lokuphahlazeka kwe-10: 07 ekuseni kunye neNew York Times, ezobe zilawula abalawuli beenqwelomoya ngaphezulu kwe-FA.A. indawo, beka ixesha ngo-10: 10 ekuseni
Ukuza kuthi ga kwimizuzu esixhenxe yokungangqinelani? Ngokubhekisele kwintlekele yomoya, imizuzu esixhenxe isondele kunaphakade. Indlela ilizwe lethu ebelikhe layiphatha ngayo nayiphi na intlekele yenqwelomoya kukudibanisa ukurekhodwa kwi-cockpit kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokubonisa ixesha elingaphantsi kwekhulu lomzuzwana. Kodwa njengoko uMary Schiavo esitsho, Asinayo i-NTSB (yeBhodi yoKhuseleko kuThutho kuZwelonke) apha, kwaye ngokwesiqhelo baqhekeza umgca wexesha ukuya kwiliwaka lomzuzwana.
Eyona nto inomdla ngakumbi: I-FA.A. ithi iseke umnxeba ovulekileyo kunye ne-NORAD ukuxoxa zombini I-American Airlines Flight 77 (eya ePentagon) kunye ne-United Flight 93. Ukuba yinyani, i-NORAD yayinemizuzu engama-50 yoku-oda iijethi zokulwa ukuba zithathe i-Flight 93 kwindlela yayo IWashington, DC Kodwa ixesha elisemthethweni le-NORAD libanga ukuba i-FAA Isaziso esiya kwi-NORAD kwi-United Airlines Flight 93 asikho. Kutheni ingekho?
Xa ebuzwa ukuba i-NORAD inike umyalelo wokuba iinqwelo-moya zokulwa zihlasele ukuphendula i-United Flight 93, i-arhente yokhuseleko lomoya ithi kuphela ukuba ii-F-16 sele zisuka e-Langley Air Force Base eVirginia ukuze zithathe i-American Flight 77. IPentagon nokuba yeyesi-9: 40 ekuseni (ngokwe-FAA) okanye ngo-9: 38 kusasa (ngokwe-NORAD). Nangona ii-F-16 zazingekho esibhakabhakeni ngaphaya kweWashington kude kube nge-9: 49, umbuzo ngulo: Ngaba baqhubekile nokubhabha emantla ngeenzame zokuthintela eyokugqibela yeejets ezine ezixhwiliweyo? Umgama wawuziikhilomitha ezili-129 kuphela.
Ikhomishini ezimeleyo ikwimeko yokufuna iimpendulo ezinjalo, kunye nezinye ezininzi. Ngaba zikhona izixhobo eziye zafunyanwa nakwezinye iinqwelomoya ezine eziye zehla? Ukuba akunjalo, kutheni le nto iphaneli kufuneka icinge ukuba zazingaphantsi kweesine ii-intshi zemela, inkcazo esetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindibano yekhomishini kukhuseleko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya? Uyazikhumbula iingxelo zokuqala zeenqwelomoya, ukuba wonke umsebenzi utsaliwe kunye nabasiki beebhokisi? Ngapha koko, abaphandi bekhomishini bafumanise ukuba abagawuli bebhokisi baxelwa kwindiza enye kuphela. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, abagawuli beebhokisi babethathwa njengezitshixo ezichanekileyo kwaye babehlala bengekho mthethweni. Yiyo ke loo nto iinqwelomoya zitshintshe ibali labo kwaye zavelisa imela evulekileyo engaphantsi kweesentimitha ezine ezindlebeni. Esi sixhobo siwela lula ngaphakathi kwesikhokelo sokhuseleko lwe-a-9/11.
Kodwa iibhombu? I-Mace okanye i-pepper spray? Iimaski zegesi? I-FBI Ulahle umkhondo wokuba abaxuthi banemaski kwintlanganiso kunye nooMama abane baseNew Jersey, abahlolokazi abayi-9/11 ababehlanganisene nale komishini ezimeleyo.
Oomama bafuna ukwazi ukuba abaphandi bajonge indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ababekhubazeke ngayo. Ukucinga ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abasibhozo, abane kubo ngaphambili ababesemkhosini, abanye benamava okulwa eVietnam, kwaye bonke ababekwimo entle yomzimba-babenokoyiswa ngaphandle kokulwa okanye isandi solulela intelekelelo. Nokuba unike abanqolobi ityala lokulwa emkhosini, kunqabile ukuba yonke into ihambe ngqo kumadabi amane ahlukeneyo.
Akufanelekanga ukuba iintsapho kunye nabantu baseMelika bazi ukuba urhulumente wethu uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela uhlaselo lwesibini olucwangciselwe iziko lokulawula kunye nokulawula eWashington?
UMelody Homer ngomnye umhlolokazi oselula womqhubi wenqwelomoya we-9/11. Umyeni wakhe, uLeRoy Homer, owayengumqhubi wenqwelomoya owayesakuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, wayeligosa lokuqala kwiUnited Flight 93. Ibali elikhutshwe ngabakhweli bamagorha abahlasela i-cockpit kwaye besokola nabanqolobi-alikholeleki kuMelody Homer okanye kuSandy UDahl, umhlolokazi kaphathi wenqwelomoya, uJason Dahl. UNkosikazi Dahl wayengumntu osebenza ngenqwelomoya kunye ne-United kwaye wayazi ubumbeko lwaloo 757 njengasemva kwesandla sakhe.
Asinakucinga ukuba abakhweli babekwazi ukukhupha inqwelomoya kwindawo yabo etshixwayo bayityhale ezantsi kwindlela enye bayijamnje kwindawo yokulala kunye namadoda amane omeleleyo, anobundlobongela ngasemva komnyango, utshilo uNkskz. Homer. Ukholelwa ekubeni amalungu osapho lwamaxhoba athe aphula isivumelwano semfihlo kwaye anika utoliko lwabo lwezandi abazokuziva kwiteyiphu yenqwelo moya betolike ngokungekho mthethweni ukutshabalalisa i-china. Xa inqwelomoya ihamba gwenxa, i-china iyawa.
Ngoku, olona nqamlezo luphazamisayo kuko konke: kwaye i-NORAD ibinemizuzu engama-42 ubuncinci yokuthatha isigqibo malunga nento emayenziwe nge-Flight 93.
Ngo-9: 30 kusasa, emva kwemizuzu emithandathu emva kokufumana ii-odolo ezivela kwi-NORAD, ezintathu ze-F-16 zazibhabha emoyeni, ngokwexesha lexesha le-NORAD. Ekuqaleni, iinqwelomoya zazijolise eNew York kwaye mhlawumbi zafikelela kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-600 ngeyure ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emibini, utshilo uMaj. Jikelele uMike J. Haugen, igosa likarhulumente loMkhosi weSizwe waseMntla Dakota. Nje ukuba kubonakale ukuba umsebenzi wokuzibulala waseNew York ufeziwe, amajoni asekwe eVirginia anikwa ithagethi entsha yenqwelomoya: URonald Reagan Washington National Airport. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya beva isoyikiso esothusayo ngaphaya komthuthi wenqwelomoya, ikhowudi ebonisa phantse ixesha lemfazwe elingxamisekileyo. UGeneral Haugen uthi ii-F-16 zacelwa ukuba ziqinisekise ukuba iPentagon yayisemlilweni. Umqhubi okhokelayo ujonge ezantsi kwaye waqinisekisa okona kubi.
Ke abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bafumana iodolo yentsasa, kwilizwi elizichaza njengommeli weNkonzo yaMfihlo. Ngokuka-General Haugen, ilizwi lathi: Ndifuna ukhusele i-White House ngazo zonke iindleko.
Ngelo xesha, uSekela Mongameli uRichard Cheney wabiza uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush ukuba ambongoze ukuba anike umyalelo wokuba naziphi na ezinye iinqwelomoya ezilawulwa ngabaphangi zidutyulwe. Kwincwadi kaBob Woodward, uBush eMfazweni, ixesha lomnxeba kaMnu Cheney labekwa phambi kwentsimbi yeshumi kusasa.USekela Mongameli wachazela uMongameli ukuba inqwelo moya eyayixhwiliwe yayisisixhobo; Nokuba i-airliner yayigcwele ngabantu, u-Cheney wanyanzelisa, ukunika abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseMelika igunya lokudubula kuyo yayikukuphela kwempendulo esebenzayo.
UMongameli uphendule, ngokuka Mnu Woodward, Ubheja.
Amagosa okhuselo axelele i-CNN ngo-Septemba 16, 2001, ukuba uMnu. Bush akazange anike iSebe lezoKhuselo igunya lokuba badubule abakhweli beenqwelo-moya de kube kubethe iPentagon.
Ke kwenzeka ntoni kwithuba eliphambi nje kwentsimbi ye-10: 00 kusasa neye-10: 03 (okanye u-10: 06, okanye u-10: 07) -Xa, ngaxa lithile, i-jet yase-United yaphahlazeka ebaleni lasePennsylvania? Ngaba uMongameli wenze ngengcebiso kaMnu Cheney kwaye wayalela eyokugqibela kunye neyona nto inokutshabalalisa imijukujelwa ehanjiswe ngomoya phambi kokuba ifike eCapitol? Ngaba uMnu Cheney wenza isenzo sika-Mongameli? Ngaba umlo wase-US wadubula i-Flight 93? Kwaye kutheni yonke imfihlo ejikeleze uhambo lokugqibela?
UMelody Homer, inkosikazi yegosa lokuqala le-Flight 93, wayesekhaya eMarlton, N.J., ngentsasa kaSeptemba 11 kunye nomntwana wabo oneenyanga ezili-10 ubudala. Kwimizuzu nje embalwa emva kokubona inqwelomoya yesibini ijika ibe yibhola yomlilo, uNkosazana Homer ubize iZiko lokuSebenza kweNqwelo moya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iJohn F. Kennedy, esigcina umkhondo wabo bonke abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abasebenza eNew York. Waxelelwa ukuba ukubhabha komyeni wakhe kulungile.
Nokuba inqwelo moya yendoda yam yadutyulwa, utshilo uNkosikazi Homer ongumhlolokazi, eyona ndawo inomsindo kukufunda ngendlela uMongameli akuphathe ngayo oku.
Umnumzana Bush wazisiwe emva kwemizuzu eli-14 emva kohlaselo lokuqala, ngentsimbi ye-9 kusasa, ukufika kwakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi eSarasota, eFla.Wangena kwigumbi labucala wathetha ngomnxeba nomcebisi wakhe wezokhuseleko kuzwelonke, uCondoleezza Rice, wajonga I-TV egumbini. Ilizwi elithambileyo likaNkskz. Homer xa echaza indlela awasabela ngayo: Andinakukuphelisa oko kwathethwa nguBush xa wayebizwa malunga nenqwelomoya yokuqala eyayibetha inqaba: 'Lo ngumqhubi wenqwelo moya ombi.' yayikukuqweqwediswa kwabanqolobi, kodwa uMongameli wethu wayengazi? Kutheni kuthathe ixesha elide kangaka ukuzichitha zonke iinqwelomoya? Ngexesha eliphakathi xa indiza yomyeni wam yayisuka [ngentsimbi yesi-8: 41 kusasa] kwaye xa inqwelomoya yesibini yayibetha eNew York [9: 02 a.m.], babenokubuyela umva kumabala endiza.
Ngapha koko, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya zeFlight 93 abafane bachazwe kwiingxelo zeendaba-kuphela abakhweli abangama-40. Kwaye uNksk Homer uthi loo nto ibuhlungu. Umyeni wam walilwela ilizwe lakhe kwiPersian Gulf War, kwaye ngewayebone indima yakhe kwangolo suku njengalo ulwela ilizwe lakhe. Kuyinkolelo yam, ngokusekwe kwinto endixelelwe yona ngabantu ababumbene noMkhosi woMoya, ukuba ubuncinci omnye wabaqhubi beenqwelo moya waba negalelo elikhulu kwisiphumo solo moya. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba izigebenga kungenzeka ukuba ziyithathile. Kodwa ukumisa inkuthazo yenqwelomoya ukuze ingayi eCapitol okanye kwiNdlu yeWhite-eyayingomnye wabaqhubi beenqwelo moya.
UMelody LeRoy kamva wafunda kwilungu loMkhosi woMoya owayesebenza nomyeni wakhe ukuba kwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi kwesehlo, bonke babehleli phantsi bethetha ngobukrelekrele obucoca umkhosi ukuba into enkulu izakwenzeka. Kuko konke oku ukungahoywa, wathi xa eginya ukukhala, kunzima ukuyithethelela loo nto.
UJohn Lehman, owayengunobhala wenqanawa yomkhosi wamanzi kunye nomnye wabona babenemibuzo phakathi kwabakomishinala, uxelelwe ngeminye yemicimbi ephakanyiswe kweli nqaku. Le yeyona mibuzo ilungileyo, utshilo. Kuya kufuneka sibeke zonke ezi nkcukacha kunye kwaye emva koko sifumanise okungahambanga kakuhle. Ngubani ongawenzanga umsebenzi wabo? Ayisiyiyo nje into eyayingalunganga ngenkqubo esele ikho, kodwa ngabantu.
Emva kweenyanga ezili-14 zokubukela ngelixa ookhomishinala bethethathethana ngembeko neNdlu yeWhite House esisebenzise lonke iqhinga elaziwayo kwaye baqulunqa ezinye ezintsha ukuphepha, ukubamba nokudlala i-peekaboo kunye nabakomishinala, ooMama abane kunye neKomiti yabo yokuLawula iiNtsapho baziva bedanile phantse kwindawo yokubila. .
Ngubani oza kuthatha ixesha elide, elinzima lokungaphumeleli komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokusilela kobunkokheli? Oku kubonakala kulapho amanye amalungu ekhomishini ye-9/11 esiya khona. Ilungu leKhomishini, uJamie Gorelick, othe wenyuka emva kwetyala leentsuku ezimbini ngoJanuwari, uthe uyamangaliswa kwaye wothuswa yindlela iarhente nganye eyichaza ngayo uxanduva lwayo ngokushiya elona cala linzima. Uqhushumbe i-FAA ngokulambisa naluphi na uxanduva kuthintelo lobunqolobi. Sasibona isimo sengqondo esifanayo kwiF.B.I. kunye ne-CIA-ukungasebenzisi ingqiqo ukuvavanya i-mission kwaye utsho okusebenzayo nokungasebenziyo.
Okokugqibela, UNks. Gorelick ubhekise kumbuzo ocacileyo kuJames Loy, usekela-Nobhala weSebe lezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya, i-ofisi enkulu yase-Brobdingnagian ehlasela ii-arhente ezingama-22 ezingazange zithethe zodwa phambi kohlaselo lobunqolobi.
Ngubani onoxanduva lokuqhuba iqhinga lokuloyisa iAl Qaeda kunye nokubamba abantu ukuba baphendule ngokwenza oko? UNks. Gorelick wafuna.
UMongameli ngumfo, utshilo uMnu Loy. Kwaye umntu osecaleni kukaMongameli, ongumcebisi ngezokhuseleko kuzwelonke.
Abahlolokazi banomsindo kuba uGqirha Rice wayevunyelwe ukuba enze udliwanondlebe ngasese kwaye akazange avume-okanye ahanjiswe-ukunika ubungqina bakhe, phantsi kwesifungo, phambi kwabantu baseMelika.
Xa uSihlalo wekhomishini ye-9/11 uTom Kean wanikezela ngovavanyo oludakisayo ngoDisemba ophelileyo ukuba uhlaselo lwango-9/11 belunokuthintelwa, i-White House yaseBush yabona iphaneli ye-bipartisan iphuma kulawulo lwayo. Kudliwanondlebe noMongameli wolawulo lomonakalo kunye no-NBC uTim Russert kwimpelaveki ephelileyo, uMnu.Bush ngokucacileyo wayengazimiselanga kungeniswa kwimibuzo yikhomishini ye-9/11. Mhlawumbi, mhlawumbi, yayiyindlela yakhe yokuxoxisana.
Ebuzwa ukuba kutheni esonyula enye ikhomishini-le yokuphelisa ingxwabangxwaba malunga nokuba kutheni sihlasele i-Iraq ukuze sizisindise kwi-WMD yasentsomini kaSaddam-uMongameli wathi, Olu luqwalaselo lobuchule, luhlobo lomfanekiso omkhulu malunga nokuqokelelwa kobukrelekrele amandla e-United States of America…. ICongress inamandla okujonga ukuqokelelwa kobuntlola ngaphandle kokunika iimfihlo zikarhulumente, kwaye ndijonge phambili kulo lonke uphando kunye nembonakalo.
ICongress sele imnike umfanekiso-omkhulu kwingxelo enamaphepha angama-900 yeNdlu edibeneyo kunye neNdlu yeeNgwevu malunga nokusilela kobuntlola ngaphambi kwe-9/11. Kodwa ulawulo lwe-Bush alujongi kwinto engafuni kuyibona.
Akuqondakali ukuba kutheni le nto abalawuli bengavumi ukulandela umkhondo wophando lwethu, utshitshisa uSenator Bob Graham, owayesakuba ngusihlalo-mbutho wophando, owaphela ngo-2003. I-Bush White House ayihoyanga bonke ngaphandle komntu omnye okanye ababini. izindululo ezi-19 zophando ngokudibeneyo zokwenza ukuba isizwe sikhuseleke ngokuchasene nokuzama kobunqolobi okulandelayo. I-White House ikwavumele ukuba iinxalenye ezinkulu zengxelo yokugqibela yophando ukuba ihlolwe (yenziwe), ibanga ukhuseleko lwesizwe, ukuze amanye amalungu ekomishini yangoku ye-9/11-igunya layo ikwakhela kwimisebenzi yeqela lenkomfa-ayinakho funda ubungqina.
USenator Graham wagquma, Akunangqondo.
