Ilungu lomkhosi wase-US libeka iiflegi zaseMelika engcwabeni e-Arlington National Cemetery ngoMeyi 25, 2017 e-Arlington, eVa.ukulungiselela iSikhumbuzo.I-BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bakholelwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba umkhosi wase-US ngowona ubalaseleyo kwaye woyikekayo kwihlabathi. Ukuba ichanekile, kutheni, ukusukela ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, i-United States ilahlekelwe yiyo yonke imfazwe eyayiqala kwaye isilele ngalo lonke ixesha isebenzisa amandla ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ewe, ukuba umkhosi wase-US yayiliqela lezemidlalo, beliya kuma kumacandelo asezantsi.
Imbali yenza eli tyala. Ngethamsanqa, i-United States yoyisa kwi-Cold War kunye nesoyikiso sokutshabalalisa inyukliya. UGeorge HW UBush wayenobuchule kwiMfazwe yokuqala yeGulf ngo-1991 kunye nokulawula ukuwa kweSoviet Union. Kodwa ababengaphambi kwakhe kunye nabalandelayo babengaphumelelanga.
UJohn F. Kennedy wongamela uhlaselo lweBay of Pigs ngo-1961 kwaye waqalisa iMfazwe yaseVietnam. Ngelixa abaninzi bekholelwa ukuba i-Cuban Missile Crisis yayiluloyiso olukhulu, enyanisweni, ulawulo lukaKennedy luye lwayiphelisa ngokhuseleko olukhulu ngo-1961 olwalunyanzele iNkokeli yaseSoviet uNikita Khrushchev ukuba ayeke ukuncitshiswa kwezomkhosi kwaye abeke imijukujelwa yenyukliya emfutshane eCuba ukugqitha eMelika ukongama kwenyukliya.
U-Lyndon Johnson walandela uKennedy kwi-quagmire yaseVietnam ekhokelele ngaphezulu kwama-58,000 aseMelika aswelekileyo kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba zizigidi zabantu baseVietnam ngokusekwe kwimbono engeyonyani yokuba ubukomanisi babu-monolithic kwaye kwafuneka bume apho ukuze bungasasazeki apha. Ukuthwaxwa yiVietnam kunye nesicwangciso esifihlakeleyo sokungabikho, kwathatha uRichard Nixon phantse iminyaka emihlanu ukuphelisa loo mfazwe. Ngelixa ukufikelela kwakhe e-China kwakuqaqambile njengoko yayinjalo ne-Russia, i-Watergate yatshabalalisa ubongameli bakhe.
UJimmy Carter wayebuthathaka. I-Desert One yohlulekile ngo-1980 ukukhulula ama-54 aseMelika abanjwa eTehran adibanisa i-Vietnam malaise. Ngelixa uRonald Reagan wabonwa ukuba unzima, akazange ayibhuqe iSoviet Union kugqatso lweengalo njengoko yayikukungabi nangqondo kwenkqubo kunye noburhabaxa bayo obabubangela ukuqhekeka. Kodwa wathumela amaMarines eBeirut ngo-1983 kwaye ama-241 asweleka kwindawo yokuqhushumisa. Kwangelo xesha, uReagan wahlasela iGrenada ngenxalenye yokuthintela amaSoviet ekwakheni isiseko somoya kunye nokuhlangula abafundi baseMelika eSt. Georges Medical School. Nangona kunjalo, inqwelomoya yayisakhiwa yinkampani yase-Bhritane kwaye yayiyinxalenye yesicwangciso esidala sonyusa ukhenketho. Umphathi-mkhosi waseMelika ebaleni wayexelele i-White House ukuba abafundi abekho bungozi.
Ngelixa uGeorge HW Ngokuphikisayo uBush wayengomnye wabongameli abafanelekileyo ukubamba iofisi, akazange afumane ikota yesibini. UBill Clinton uthathe iintsuku ezingama-78 ukunyanzela inkokheli yaseSerbia uSlobodan Milosevic ukuba aphelise ukubulala kwakhe iKosovars. Ungquzulwano belunokuphela ngeyure ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemikhosi yomhlaba kusongelwe.
Emva komhla we-11 kuSeptemba, uGeorge W. Bush wayekholelwa kwelokuba umhlaba uya kwenziwa ukhuseleke ngakumbi ukuba urhulumente wentando yesininzi unganyanzeliswa kuMbindi Mpuma. E-Afghanistan, oko kwajika kwaba kukwakha isizwe endaweni yokuzingela kunye nokuthomalalisa u-Osama bin Laden kunye ne-al Qaeda. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu kamva, impumelelo isekholeleka. Yayiyinjongo, nangona kunjalo, ukuguqula imeko ye-geostrategic ye-Middle East enkulu eyabangela intlekele eyatshisa lo mmandla.
U-Barack Obama wayefuna ukuphelisa umlo ombi e-Iraq kwaye ajolise kokulungileyo e-Afghanistan. Wayefuna ukoyikisa uMongameli wase-Syria u-Bashar al Assad kwaye emva koko angenzi nto. Kwaye ngempazamo wacinga ukuba ibhombu yaseLibya ikhusele uBanghazi kuMuramar Qaddafi uza kuphelisa ubundlobongela. Endaweni yokuba, imfazwe yamakhaya iyidle iLibya emva kokuba uQaddafi ebhukuqiwe wabulawa. Kwaye ngubani owaziyo into eza kwenziwa nguDonald Trump.
Izizathu ezintathu ezisebenza kubongameli bamaqela omabini okoko uKennedy achaza ukuba kutheni irekhodi lethu ekusebenziseni amandla belingalunganga. Okokuqala, uninzi loomongameli abatsha abakakulungeli, abakakulungeli, kwaye abanamava ngokwaneleyo kubunzima beofisi yabo. Okwesibini, nganye isilele ukwenza isigqibo. Okwesithathu, ezi ntsilelo ziye zacaciswa kukungabikho kolwazi nokuqonda okunzulu kweemeko ezaziza kusetyenziswa kumandla.
Bobabini abalawuli bakaKennedy noJohnson babengenalwazi kakhulu ngeVietnam kunye nobunzima obukhulu phakathi kweSoviet Union kunye neKhomanisi yase China. Phambi kukaSeptemba 11, bambalwa abantu baseMelika abebewazi umohluko phakathi kweSunnis kunye neShia. I-Iraq yayingenazo izixhobo zokutshabalalisa abantu abaninzi. Kwaye ke iyahamba.
Into omele uyenze malunga noku ngumxholo wezinye iikholamu. Into efunekayo, nangona kunjalo, yindlela esekwe kwingqondo yokucinga ngobuchule eyamkela ukuba inkulungwane yama-21 ayinakubandakanyeka kwimixholo yenkulungwane yama-20 engasasebenziyo. Umzekelo, iSoviet Union inokuthintelwa ngezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo. Namhlanje, xa iRussia ingenamdla wokuhlasela iNtshona Yurophu kunye ne-al Qaeda kunye ne-Islamic State ayinayo imikhosi kunye neenqanawa, ukuthintela inkulungwane ye-20 akusebenzi.
Okwangoku, ngaphandle kokuba uluntu ekugqibeleni luqonde ukuba amava kunye nobuchule zibalulekile kubongameli bethu nakwiinkokheli, musa ukulindela ukuba ikamva lahluke kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Incwadi entsha kaGqirha Harlan Ullman ngu I-Anatomy yokuSilela: Kutheni iMelika iphulukana nayo yonke iMfazwe kwaye iyafumaneka kwiivenkile ezithengisa iincwadi nakwiAmazon. Unokufikeleleka kuye @Harlankullman kwi-Twitter.
