UEddie kunye neeHot Rods.(Ifoto: ngoncedo lukaEddie kunye neeHot Rods.) Kulo nyaka, siza kuva inani elifanelekileyo lengxolo malunga ne-2016 sisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-40 sepunk. Uninzi lwayo luya kuba yinkomo, kwaye ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kuya kubakho ubuninzi beekowuti ezivela kuDave Grohl. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, i-punk rock yinto enomdla kwaye ibalulekile, kwaye ifanelwe uhlobo loviwo oluvuyisayo kodwa olubucayi olungenakufumana.
Kukho iqela elikhulu loncwadi ngokubhekisele kwingoma yokuqala yerock 'n roll. [i] Unokufumana nokubhala okuninzi malunga nengoma yokuqala ye-rap. Kodwa andicingi ukuba ndikhe ndabona iqhekeza elinokucinga malunga nengoma yokuqala ye-punk rock. Uninzi lweentatheli zijikeleza nje iirekhodi zokuqala zikaRamones, ziphosa emgceni okanye emibini malunga neeStooges neeDolls, kunye noMalume kaBob. [ii]
Ke yayiyintoni irekhodi lokuqala lomculo wepunk? Ndiza kuthatha ukugwetywa xa ndivavanya lo mbuzo ngokwezifundo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Okokuqala, masichaze imigaqo yethu. Yintoni ipunk?
Masikubeke ngale ndlela: Sonke siyayazi ukuba injani ipunk rock, kwaye ayivakali ngathi Umncinci uJohnny Jewel okanye iPezband .
Kuyinyani, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970 kwabakho ukuchuma komculo onomdla noqhubela phambili owawufuna ukwala ukuxolelwa kunye neefriji zeli lizwe likhoyo; kodwa ukuwuphendula ngokuchanekileyo umbuzo wethu, kufuneka sahlule amagcisa awayeyinxalenye yexesha lepunk kumagcisa adlala ipunk rock.
Ngaphambi kowe-1976, amagcisa afana noPatti Smith kunye nabahlali babesenza umculo phantse wobundlobongela, kodwa bebengenzi punk rock yanamhlanje. Kwangokunjalo, izinto ezinje ngeBlondie kunye neTelevishini zidlale umculo omtsha, obandakanyekayo, umculo wecontainer ophembelela kwaye wachaza isimbo kunye ne-sprit yexesha le-punk, kodwa khange badlale i-punk rock. [iii] Unokwenza impikiswano elungileyo ukuba ukuqala kwexesha le-punk kufikelela kwiziganeko ezenzeka ngo-1972 nango-733 kwisiXeko saseNew York eClub 82, eMercer Arts Centre, okanye kwi-CBGB's / Hilly's kwi-Bowery; kodwa le mihla ayinakukuxelela nantoni na malunga nokuvela okokuqala kwi-vinyl yeli punk rock yanamhlanje. [iv]
Ekukhangekeni kwethu kwirekhodi yokuqala yamatye e-punk yanamhlanje, ayithandeki ukuyifumana emsebenzini wayo nayiphi na into eyandulelayo eyabhalwa kwii-1960s nakwiminyaka yama-70s, njengeVelvet Underground, iiSonics, iiStooges, iiMonk, kunye iiTroggs (ndingasathethi ke ngoBo Diddley, uRoy Orbison, uJohnny Burnette, kunye nenqwaba yezinye ii-rockabilly primitives). Ngokuqinisekileyo, la magcisa enza umculo owawunobuhle kwaye ulwakhiwo olufana nolu punk rock olwavela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1970, kodwa ndikhangela ngokukhethekileyo ukukhutshwa okucwangcise isicima mlilo ngefuthe elikhawulezileyo, hayi abantu abadala abakhanyise umdlalo ubumnyama.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ndiqwalasele kuphela umsebenzi wabazobi ngaphandle iingcambu kwii-1960s okanye ekuqaleni kwee-1970, kwaye ngubani owayemtsha xa bekhupha izinto ezifanelekileyo. [v]
Akukho nelinye igama apha ngezantsi elichazwe ukunciphisa umculo ongaqhelekanga kunye nelifa le-Ramones kunye ne-Saints, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ii-Ur-band zentshukumo yanamhlanje ye-punk rock. [thina] Nangona kungekho qela lakhupha i-vinyl kude kube ngo-1976, kukho ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba iRamones yayidlala ipunk rock yanamhlanje ngo-1974, kunye nabaNgcwele ekupheleni kuka-1973; kodwa into endifuna ukuyenza apha kukucacisa ukukhutshwa kwe (viny) kokuqala kwepunk yale mihla.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABOGz5ixZF0&w=560&h=315]
Ngokwesiko, kukho iirekhodi ezintathu ezikhankanyiweyo njengokukhutshwa kwelitye lokuqala le-punk: i-albhamu yokuqala yeRamones (Epreli 1976), iRose eNtsha 45 ngoGwetyelweyo (Okthobha ka-766), kunye ne-albhamu yokuqala yabangcwele, ( Ndingu) Ndixakekile (Septemba '76). Isandi ngasinye kwezi sivakala njengokutsha namhlanje njengoko besenza kwiminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo, kwaye nganye yazo iphakathi kweerekhodi ezinkulu ezakha zenziwa; kodwa babengezizo iirekhodi zokuqala zale mihla zepunk rock.
Ke ngoobani abagqatswa bethu? Ndijolise kwiirekhodi / iingoma zealbhamu ezintandathu, zonke zikhutshwe ngaphambi kowe-1976 (ngaphandle kokunye). Ngamnye unokufaka ibango elisemthethweni lokuba yirekhodi lokuqala le-punk rock:
Emva kwesibhozo nguNeu! (icwecwe lengoma evela Entsha! 75 , yakhululwa ebutsheni bowe-1975); Indoda ezimbini zeTub ngoozwilakhe (ukusuka Yiya Girl Crazy ! (Matshi 1975); Ugula kuwe by IHollywood Brats (ukusuka Ndikhule ngokungalunganga, irekhodwe ngo-1973, yakhutshwa ngo-1975); UEddie kunye neeRots Rods, Hlala eMarquee EP (Julayi, 1976); Wenza ngokuLungileyo NguGqirha Feelgood (osuka Phantsi ngeJetty , NgoJanuwari 1975); kwaye Undifumene Ngokwenene, i-45 yi-Hammersmith Gorilla (1974).
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39VZZwxqZLo&w=560&h=315]
Ngaphandle kothandabuza, Entsha! Emva kwesibhozo kuvakala ngathi yingxelo yale punk yale mihla. Ngaphezulu kweendudumo, imigqomo engapheliyo (cinga Rat ukhwekhwe ukuxelisa Mo Tucker Isingqisho esikhohlakeleyo isigingci sikhupha ngaphezulu-okanye-okungaphantsi kokuqhubekeka kathathu, ngelixa umntu ebhomboloza ngathi, ewe, inkawu yenza uxeliso (lwangokuthanjiswa) uJohnny Rotten. [uyeza]
Siyazi kananjalo ukuba uJohn Lydon, iWire, iiBuzzcock, kunye nenqwaba yezinye ii-punks zokuqala zazisazi kakuhle lo mzila, ke ngoko kukho unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwesandi esitsha sasemva ko-Eight kunye neyona punk ibalaseleyo isenzo. [viii] Nangona kunjalo, inyani yokuba le ngoma ivela kwi-albhamu yesithathu kaNeu! (Bebekade berekhoda kwaye bekhupha umculo omangalisayo kunye nophula umhlaba ukusukela ngo-1971 ) inokudibanisa kunye neendlela endizibekileyo zokuphendula umbuzo wethu.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFud9f9t3gM&w=420&h=315]
Nangona inokuphazama ngokulula njengefayile ye- Iityhubhu -esque clod-rock pastiche, kukho ukungxama okukhawulezayo, ukuzikhukhumalisa kunye nomsindo wasemoyeni owenza iTub Man y Oozwilakhe kuvakala njengengoma ethembekileyo yokulunga ye-punk rock.
Ngexesha lonke Yiya Girl Crazy! yakhululwa, kukho iqela leqela elitsha eligqwesileyo elalisebenza kwi-post-Who / post-Purple / post-Free riff-rock uhlobo olwalunezinto ezithile ezifanayo ne-punk, kodwa ngokucacileyo yayingeyona i-punk (umz. , kwangoko i-AC / DC, nkqu ne-KISS); kwaye Yiya Girl Crazy! inalo ivumba lalo, kodwa kwiTub Tub Man ngokuqinisekileyo iyavakala ngokungathi oozwilakhe bakhubekile baya kwinto eyahlukileyo, kwaye bayayazi.
Ngokunjalo nohlobo lwe Ilanga laseCalifornia ivuliwe Yiya Girl Crazy! isasaza naziphi na izinto ezintle kwaye iphosa nje inweku elangeni kwaye iyangxola ide inikezele ngemali yayo yesidlo sasemini; nayo, ivakala njengengoma ye-punk, hayi ingoma yeproto-punk.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3O_0wyXvTTU&w=560&h=315]
Nangona uhlobo lwe-sloppier yooDoli lubonakala lungenakwenzeka, leyo yindlela elungileyo yokuchaza umlingo kunye nommangaliso. IHollywood Brats .
Ibhendi eseLondon (enamalungu athile aseNorway), iiBrats zanikezela nge-R & B yesikolo esidala esinzima kunye neempembelelo zeblues zooDoli, kwaye endaweni yoko benza ikopi emdaka yezona zinto zisisiseko kunye nezinto zakudala zooDoli. Isiphumo kukuba, kulungile, i-punk rock. I-albhamu yabo yodwa-ebhalwe ngo-'73 kodwa yakhululwa ngo-'75-igcwele ukuzonwabisa okungenangqondo, kodwa (ngenxa yesi siqwenga) ibaluleke kakhulu kumzila obizwa ngokuba nguSick on You.
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhoyo, ubuqhetseba kunye nokuqala kokuzikhukhumalisa nokunganyaniseki, ukukhwaza malunga ne-amelodically kwaye kudlala isiginkci esinengxolo, esothusa ukuba siphume emacaleni e-vinyl, ngokungathandabuzekiyo yingoma yanamhlanje yengoma (kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo '77 -era amagcisa athande ukungcola okungakumbi kwepunk, njenge Abalaleli , Ukuxhelwa kunye neenja , kunye nabangaphantsi kakhulu Amakhwenkwe ). [ix]
Ngokuqinisekileyo ndiza kuthambisa abagulayo kuwe njengengoma yokuqala ye-punk rock erekhodiweyo, ngaphandle kwenyani enye: ukubonakala kwayo ngexesha lokukhutshwa kokuqala kwakuncinci. Ngokungafaniyo, yithi, ii-Feelgoods, Neu !, okanye neeDictators, andiboni ngqo ngqo phakathi kwale ngoma imangalisayo kunye nemililo ka-76. [x]
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF_E4R-Lgos&w=420&h=315]
Phezulu, UEddie kunye neeHot Rods ’ Hlala eMarquee I-EP kufuneka ibe yirekhodi esemgangathweni yasemva kokushicilelwa kwe-rock sweat'n 'amphetamine boogie, kodwa kukho into eyahlukileyo ngayo; bongeze isantya, ithambeka, kunye nokugqwethwa okungaphaya kokuqhutywa kwifomula yamatye e-pub, kugxininiswa kwisigingci sesingqisho sokugruzuka kunye nokubetha oku-4 kwidrama yokukhaba.
Ngokwenza njalo, benze into engathandabuzekiyo irekhodi lepunk. Nangona ikukuphela kokukhutshwa kwe-'75 'kolu luhlu, kufuneka icatshulwe ngenxa yempembelelo yayo ebalulekileyo kwiimvumi nakubaphulaphuli abachaze i-punk rock ngo-1976.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHNZUop7OK0&w=560&h=315]
Ngelixa bekukho ulwandle oluthile olusemazantsi-ntshona lwe-laissez olwenziwayo kuninzi lwamaqela e-rock yase-Bhritane (iiHot Rods ngaphandle), UGqr. Feelgood uthathe indlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: ukuba ubona amatye okuqala kwaye (ngakumbi) izinto ezintle njengentwasahlobo yentsimbi edibeneyo, inxeba le-Feelgoods eliphuma ngokuqinileyo, phantse ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba; ngaxeshanye, basuse phantse yonke imizila yasemva kwexesha- ’60s / early- ’70s whiskey flab from the roadhouse band sound.
Ii-Feelgoods zitshona ezantsi kumaqweqwe kunye neemvelaphi ezihambelanayo ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili, uqoqosho, kunye nomnqweno ophantse ube wokufumana ukusuka ku-A uye ku-Z ngokukhawuleza. Uyenza ngokuLungileyo kukugqobhoza kwamazinyo kweR & B, kwaye nangona inenyawo eHamburg Beatles, ikwanonyawo olukhulu kuqhushumbo lwepunk olusondeleyo.
Ngoku, yintoni eyenza ii-Feelgoods (kunye Phantsi ngeJetty , icwecwe labo le-albhamu) ayisiyiyo nje i-hyperactive kodwa i-transcendent ngumsebenzi wegitare UWilko Johnson . Endaweni yokudlala ilitye lesikolo esidala nge-boogie rock kunye ne-shortnin ’isonka slur yeRichards okanye yeNdudumo, uJohnson wadlala nge-manic, esoloko egxadazela i-trebly chop ukuba ngendlela yayo ifana nokunciphisa njengomsebenzi kaJohnny Ramone okanye uNeu!
Uyakwenza ngokuLungileyo, okurekhodwe ekupheleni kuka-1974 kwaye wakhululwa kwasekuqaleni ngo-75, kubonisa eyona nto iphambili kwisandi sikaEgogood: Sisandi esintathu seR & B ephambeneyo esikhathalela ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kunentwana enamafutha kwinqwelo yokuthenga, kwaye kuvakala ngathi amazinyo omntu ancwina ngelixa echama kwindawo yombane. Iyaphawuleka ngokukodwa ngenxa yempembelelo yayo: Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-punk yase-Bhritane, zazimbini kuphela iindlela zekatala ezazibonisiwe-iRonson / Ralphs / Iindudumo grwoooooar ukuba iviwe ngaphakathi, yithi, i-Sex Pistols, kunye no-Wilko Johnson's electroshock shiver-me-treble, eyayiphinda ikhutshwe ngokuthembekileyo yiJam, i-Damned, i-Vibrators, kunye ne-Stranglers (i-Clash, ngokukodwa, ixutywe zombini: Strummer wenza uWilko , UJones wenza uRonson). [xi]
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ul5h6bFZ1TQ&w=420&h=315]
Ukuthetha ngamabhanti e-pub, kunqabile okuncinci okwaziwayo ukusukela emva phaya ngo-1974 okuvakalayo kwaye kuvakala ngathi kukuqhuma kwikamva. Iigorilla zeHammersmith ibijongeka ngathi yiBlue Cheer enxibe njengeSlade, kwaye ubukhulu becala bebevakala ngathi yiCann Heat kwijubane elidlala ubengezela Kodwa kuwe Undifumene Ngokwenene, ezingama-45 bazikhupha ngo-1974, iigorila zajika ikinks yakudala yaba yirhorho, ukungonwabi, isiza esasifana nqwa nesithuthuthu sakuqala ('77 -era).
Eli linye alikhange livakale njengerekhodi ebengezelayo kwaye akukho nto ifana ne-smiley-faced britbeat bop (mhlawumbi ibivakala ngokungacacanga njenge-Slade demo ukuba uSlade utshintshe izixhobo, ucime ijelo elinye lomxube, wavumela umgcini-mvume ukuba acule); ubukhulu becala, bekuvakala ngathi irekhodi le-punk rock, ngendlela enye into engakhange ikhutshwe ngo-1974.
Le 45 yeyona nto iphikisanayo ne-punk 45 yokuqala, nangona ingacacanga ncam-kwaye kubonakala ngathi ayibasanga mlilo endleleni, yithi, Uyakwenza ngokuchanekileyo ukwenzile-kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuthule naliphi na ibango elinokubakho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube ngowokuqala ukurekhodwa kwepunk. Nangona, indoda, iyayenza isandi njengengxelo yepunk.
Ke loo nto isishiya phi?
Nangona iiHollywood Brats kunye neHammersmith Gorillas bobabini benza iirekhodi zepunk zale mihla ngokusemthethweni ngaphambi kowe-1976, ukuba ngaba irekhodi elinye belinokuthiwa yayisisigulana somguli we-punk rock, yayinguYe Uyenza ngokuLungileyo nguGqirha Feelgood. Ukukhutshwa kwale ntwasahlobo inxeba lokuqina kwefr-free-over-stimulated r'n'b ngokuqinisekileyo ibonisa indawo apho i-rock rock ekhoyo, i-glitter, i-glam kunye negaraji ezihlangeneyo kwi-rock ye-punk rock, kwaye kukho umgca ochanekileyo ukusuka ukubonakala kwale ngoma kwimililo ka -76 kunye no-'77.
Nokuba kunjalo, iSting sisixhobo. [xii]
[i] Ukuhlaziya ingoma yengoma yokuqala sisihloko esinomdla; ngokobuqu, ndisebenzisa iikhrayitheriya zokusetyenziswa kokuqala kwegitare yombane egqwethekileyo kwiifom ezikhoyo zeR & B, hillbilly kunye neblues. Ke ngoko, ndihlala ndithambisa ezi zintathu: Goree Carter's Iliwa Awhile (Ngo-1949), ilitye elinzima uGunter IBirmingham Bounce (1950), kunye no-Ike Turner / kaJackie Brenston Irocket 88 (Ngo-1951).
[ii] Ibinzana lesiNgesi, elilingana ngokulinganayo Kwaye konke akubhalileyo.
[iii] Kuyafana nase-UK, apho amaqela athanda khona Amadada Deluxe kwaye Brinsley Mnyama ngokucacileyo babedada ngokuchasene nomsinga, kodwa babengagungqi kwimilambo ye-punk rock.
[iv] Ndiza kuthatha umzuzwana ukudiliza i-punk rock imvelaphi eqhelekileyo: (Iqela) iThelevishini kudala yanconywa njengokufumanisa i-CBGB's; oku kuyikhathalele into yokuba inqwaba yeebhendi-uninzi lwazo lwalubaluleke kakhulu kwindaleko ye-punk-yadlala i-Hilly's On The Bowery, yiyo le nto iklabhu ezakuba yindumasi kwi-315 Bowery yabizwa ngaphambi kokuba itshintshe igama layo laya kwii-CBGB ngo-Disemba 1973. Umzekelo, ii-Stillettoes, eziguquke zaba yi-Blondie kunye ne-Sic F * cks, zazingoyena uphambili we-Hilly's On The Bowery.
[v] Ezi nqobo zokuvuma ngokuqinisekileyo ziyasuswa Amandla ekrwada yi-Stooges, ethi, ngeendlela ezininzi, ibhalwe irekhodi lokuqala le-punk; kodwa ndicinga ukuba umgca wooStooges (ababekade bekunye phantse ishumi leminyaka ngo-1976) bababeka ngokuqinileyo kudidi lweproto-punk, nokuba Amandla ekrwada yingxelo ejonge phambili eyahlukileyo. Kukwanjalo nakwabathandi bemihla yoqobo abathi, ngokwenza lula itemplate yeVelvet, bafike kwisandi esasifana twatse nelitye lepunk elalandela isiqingatha seminyaka elishumi kamva. Ukuba ndiyitshintshile imigaqo yolu phando kancinci, ngekhe ndibize igama elithi Lovers LP lokuqala njengerekhodi yokuqala ye-punk rock.
[thina] Ndibhalile ngalo mbandela ngokweenkcukacha kuMqwalaseli kulo Juni uphelileyo.
[uyeza] Nceda uqaphele ukuba igama likaNeu! Libandakanya indawo yesikhuzo.
[viii] U-Bowie wayejonge kakhulu kwi-Neu!, Kananjalo, kwaye wafaka uninzi lweendlela zabo zobugcisa emsebenzini wakhe wexesha laseBerlin.
[ix] Ngapha koko, Amakhwenkwe, awabelana ngamalungu athile neHollywood Brats, kamva agqunywa Ugula kuwe, kwaye akukho mntu wayenokuqikelela ukuba uhlobo olufanayo-ngokwenene, oluphezulu-lwengoma lwalurekhodwe liqela langaphambi kuka-76.
[x] Nangona kunjalo, iiHollywood Brats zibumba kakhulu intshukumo eyahlukileyo: IiBrats zazinefuthe elikhulu IHanoi Rocks (ngamanye amaxesha, umculo wala maqela mabini uphantse ungacaciseki), kwaye ukusukela oko iHanoi Rocks yayinefuthe elibalulekileyo kumbutho weLos Angeles Hair-Glam (iiHanoi Rocks zisiya kwiinwele-Glam oko kwakumele kwenziwe yiRamones), ilifa elikhethekileyo yeeBrats zihlala ngendlela yokwenene nebalulekileyo.
[xi] Omnye umculi oboleke kakhulu kuWilko Johnson nguElvis Costello. UCostello akazange aphindaphinde nje isandi segita likaJohnson, waboleka kwi-onstage persona yakhe kunye nophawu lwentengiso yomzimba.
[xii] Kwelinye icala, ubuncinci iSting ayinanto yakwenza nayo Ingqondo yaseMelika, uMculo .
