I-ATLANTA, GA-JUNI 09: Abantu balinde emgceni wokuvota kunyulo lwase-Georgia ngoJuni 9, 2020 e-Atlanta, Georgia.U-Eliya Nouvelage / imifanekiso kaFetty Ubhubhane we-coronavirus uyitshintshe ngokupheleleyo indlela esiphila ngayo; Kukwanjalo ukunyuka indlela esivota ngayo. Izikhululo zokuvota zesintu, ezihlala zinemigca emide kwaye zisebenzisa iindawo ezixineneyo zangaphakathi kunye izixhobo zokuvota ekwabelwana ngazo , zibaluleke kakhulu umngcipheko Ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Ngaphandle kokuba kubekho utshintsho olukhulu ekuvotweni okude, kuqikelelwe iliza lesibini ye-COVID-19 ukuwa kunokuba yinto eyenyukayo ngabantu abangena ngabantu kwizikhululo zokuvota. Kwaye, iinzame zokuthintela ukonyuka kosulelo zingasetyenziswa njengesizathu sokuthintela ekujoliseni ekujoliseni umntu, kunye iziganeko ezothusayo kunyulo lwase-Georgia oluphambili ngolwe-Lwesibini umzekelo ocacileyo wokudodobala okunokubakho kwidemokhrasi.
Okwangoku, eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuvota ukude ngeposi. Yindlela eqinisekisiweyo, efanelekileyo, nekhuselekileyo; kunyulo luka-2016, 1 kwabayi-4 Abantu baseMelika bavote ngeposi. Nangona kunjalo, uMongameli uDonald Trump (ngubani ngokwakhe Iivoti ngeposi) kunye namahlakani akhe ngobuxoki uhlasele ivoti-nge-imeyile njengevulekileyo kubuqhophololo kunye neenzame zamaDemokhrasi zokuba unyulo. IKomiti yeSizwe yeRiphabhlikhi isungule isimangalo kwi California Ukulwa ukwanda kwevoti-nge-imeyile nakwimimandla elawulwa ngabathinteli beRiphabhlikhi yokuvota ngeposi kuya kuba njalo enkulu kunabo bajongane nabavoti kwamanye amazwe.
Ke, ukuba ukuvota ngaphakathi-ku-Novemba kuhlala kuyingozi ngenxa yobhubhane, kwaye ukufikelela kuvote-nge-imeyile kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo, ngaba ikhona enye indlela yokuvota ukude? Ubhubhane lukhawulezise utshintsho oluqhubayo lokuya kwi-Intanethi, ukusebenza, kunye nokuhlala. Akufanelekanga ukuba sikwazi ukuvota kwi-intanethi?
Ingcinga eza nemingcipheko kunye nemiqolomba, kodwa ikwanabaxhasi abajolise phambili kunye nokukhula okukhoyo.
Owayesakuba ngumgqatswa wongameli u-Andrew Yang oye waqinisa iqela elinomdla labaxhasi ngezikhundla ezingahambelaniyo kwimicimbi efana nengeniso esisiseko yendalo iphela. ukuvota kwi-intanethi njengomcimbi wephulo. Usozimali osisityebi ocebileyo uBradley Tusk, owaziwa kwangoko ukubandakanyeka ngo-Uber, ube ngu itshantliziyo yokwandisa ukufikelela kwabavoti kwi-intanethi yokuvota ngokusebenzisa isiseko sakhe iTusk Philanthropies kunye nenkqubo yabo i Iprojekthi yokuVota ngeSelfowuni . Babo iwebhusayithi uphikisa ukuba ukuvota kwabavoti abaphantsi sisizathu sokuba iipolitiki zaseMelika zenziwe polarized kwaye eyona ndlela yokunyusa ngokubonakalayo ukuvumela abantu ukuba bavote nge-app kwifowuni yabo ephathekayo.
Ukukhanya kobhubhane, iWestinia yaseVirginia kunye neDelaware sele iqhubele phambili ngolunye uhlobo lokuvota kwi-Intanethi. I-West Virginia inyanzelisa ukuvota kwi-Intanethi kubasebenzi basemkhosini baphesheya, abahlali baphesheya, kunye nabantu abakhubazekileyo. I-Delaware ihambile ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukuvumela abavoti abangaphantsi kokuvalelwa okanye aboyikayo usulelo kwi-COVID-19, icandelo elibanzi elinokubandakanya uninzi lwabahlali kurhulumente, ukuba bavote kwi-Intanethi.
Kodwa zininzi iingozi. Entsha ukufunda ngabaphandi abane-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kunye neDyunivesithi yaseMichigan balumkisa ukuba iqonga elaziwa kakhulu lokuvota kwi-Intanethi i-OmniBallot, isetyenziswe ngawo omabini la mazwe nakwezinye iindawo, inobungozi kwezokhuseleko kwaye iivoti ezikwi-Intanethi zibuyiselwe ngombane zinokutshatyalaliswa ngokulula.
I-OmniBallot ingasetyenziselwa imveliso yokuvota yasekhaya kunye nokumakisha ukuvota; uphononongo luvakalise ukuxhasa le misebenzi kodwa lwacebisa ukuphuculwa kwezokhuseleko kwaye lukwabonisa inkxalabo malunga nokuqokelelwa kwedatha yiOmniBallot. Kwi impendulo , Idemokhrasi ngoku, umenzi wesoftware kaOmniBallot, wathi inkqubo yayo ikhuselekile kunezinye iindlela zokubuyela kwivoti njenge-imeyile kwaye bathi baceba ukwenza esidlangalaleni umgaqo-nkqubo wabo wabucala malunga nokuqokelelwa kwedatha.
Bona kwakho: U-Elizabeth Warren unesicwangciso sokuphucula itekhnoloji yomatshini wokuvota
Ukuvota kwi-Intanethi ayisiyombono engachazwanga okanye entsha; ngokweqela lamalungelo okuvota, Unobangela oqhelekileyo ubuncinci 100,000 Abemi bavote kwi-Intanethi kwi2016 kunye uxinzelelo kukhetho olwandisiweyo lokuvota ngenxa yenqanaba lesifo secoronavirus ukuya kwinani elikhulu lokuvota kwi-intanethi kunyulo luka-2020. Uninzi lwabavoti abakwi-Intanethi ngamalungu omkhosi asebenzayo adityaniswa nenani elincinci labahlali baphesheya kunye nabavoti abakhubazekileyo. Amazwe angama-32 kunye neSithili saseColumbia vumela uhlobo oluthile lokuvota kwi-intanethi kodwa kuphela kubantu abathile kunye nabancinci. Nangona kunjalo, unikwe ubhubhane, kutheni ukungavoti kwi-Intanethi kungamkelwa ngokubanzi okanye ubuncinci kuxoxwa ngako ngokubanzi? Impendulo kwigama kukhuseleko lwe-cyber.
Akunakwenzeka phantsi kwayo nayiphi na iteknoloji yangoku ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo unyulo loluntu kwi-intanethi, utshilo uGqirha David Jefferson, usosayensi wekhompyuter kwiLebhu yeSizwe yaseLawrence Livermore. Kukho iingxaki ezikhuselekileyo zokungabikho kwezisombululo.
Ewe kunjalo, ngoMeyi iZiko leSizwe leMigangatho kunye neTekhnoloji, lakhupha iinkcukacha ingxelo Ngokudibana neearhente ezine zomdibaniso, kubandakanya iSebe lezoKhuseleko lwasekhaya's I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwasekhaya kunye neArhente yoKhuseleko lweziSeko, eyathi yalumkisa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuchasene nokusebenzisa ukuvota kwi-intanethi kwaye yabeka izikhokelo ezithile kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokuvota kwi-Intanethi ezinje ngobhaliso lwabavoti.
Ngelixa kukho ulawulo olusebenzayo lolawulo lomngcipheko ukwenza uhanjiso lwe-elektroniki lokumakisha nokumakisha, isitsho ingxelo, sicebisa ukubuya kwamaphepha njengoko ubuchwepheshe be-elektroniki bokubuyisa ubuchwephesha busemngciphekweni omkhulu nangolawulo olukhoyo. Ngamanye amagama, nokuba iinkqubo ezilungileyo ziye zaphunyezwa xa kufikwa ekubuyiseni ivoti egqityiweyo ngombane, abajonganga ngokupheleleyo uluhlu lwemiceli mngeni yezokhuseleko. Ke ngoku kutheni ukuvota kwi-intanethi okanye nge-app kungakhuselekanga kwaye kusemngciphekweni wehacks kunye nokuphathwa? 
Iphepha lokuvota eliyimfihlo lisetyenzisiwe eUnited States ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane.UMarko RALSTON / AFP / Getty Izithombe
Ikhonkco linamandla kuphela njengelona linxibelelene nelona libuthathaka, kwaye zininzi amakhonkco aqhagamshelwe kuvoto olukwi-Intanethi kwaye ngenxa yoko zininzi iindlela zokwenza ububi okanye impazamo. Eyona nto ikhawulezayo usasazeko ye-malware ichaphazela iilaptops kunye nee-smartphones ngokufanayo kunye neengcali zokhuseleko lwe-cyber zixhalabile ukuba iintshulube okanye iintsholongwane zinokosulela okanye zonakalise iivoti ezizodwa okanye iinkqubo zonyulo ezidlulisa, ziqokelele, kwaye zibalwe, kwaye zenze njalo kwisikali esikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukutshintsha iziphumo zonyulo. Ezinye iindlela zokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber, ezinje nge ukukhanyelwa kwenkonzo , apho umncedisi azaliswe ngamanzi kwi-intanethi de kube yingozi, kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwiinkqubo zonyulo kwaye uvimbe iivoti okanye zibangele ukuba zilibaziseke ngokungxamisekileyo.
Esona sizathu siphambili, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ukuvota kwi-Intanethi kusemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kunebhanki okanye enye intengiselwano kwi-Intanethi kukuba ukuvota eMelika kwenziwa ngokuvota okuyimfihlo. Ukusetyenziswa kwefayile ye- ukuvota okuyimfihlo (okanye ivoti yase-Australia) imihla emva kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwaye yaziswa njengohlaziyo lokuvota olubalulekileyo ukulwa urhwaphilizo kunyulo nobuqhetseba njengokuthenga ivoti kunye nokuthengisa kunye noloyiko lwabavoti. Ngapha koko, ukuvota bekuhlala kuyingozi emzimbeni kwaye kunokuba yinto yokoyikisela ukuzibandakanya. Unyulo lwalupheliswa kukuxhaphaka. ubundlobongela uqhushululu; phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, 89 Abemi babulawa ngenxa yoqhankqalazo loSuku loNyulo.
Kule mihla ibango lokuvota eliyimfihlo lenza iqhina lase-gordian lamagosa onyulo abanokuthi babone izibonelelo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokonga iindleko kuhlelo olubanzi kuvoto lwe-Intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokugcina imfihlo yokuvota kwi-intanethi kunye nokuqinisekisa ubunyani bayo.
Unengxaki enkulu yokuqinisekisa ekuqaleni ukuba ungavota ukuba ngubani kanye kanye, utshilo uSusan Dzieduszycka-Suinat, uMongameli kunye ne-CEO ye-US Vote Foundation. Emva koko kuya kufuneka uhlukanise ivoti yokwenyani kwisazisi somvoti ukwenza intengiselwano engaziwayo. Nje ukuba ukwenze oko, ungaqinisekisa njani ukuba nayiphina ivoti yeyomvoti kwaye umvoti uwujonga njani umsebenzi wabo kamva? Oko kudibanisa ukuphosa isitshixo sobuchwephesha kwimisebenzi kwaye kudala umngeni abantu abangakhange bakwazi ukuwoyisa.
Isisombululo emva koko 28 kwamazwe angama-32 athi asebenzise uhlobo oluthile lokuvota kwi-intanethi kukuba abavoti balirhoxise ilungelo labo lokuvota ngokuyimfihlo, ke oko kwenza amagosa ukuba achonge umvoti kwaye alandelele ngokuchanekileyo kwaye aqinisekise ivoti. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyekisa ilungelo lokuvota eliyimfihlo kuphakamisa iiflegi ezibomvu zabameli bamalungelo okuvota ababona ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela kwala malungelo njengokudala imeko eyothusayo kunye nokubeka inqanaba lokubuyela umva kurhwaphilizo olwaluxhaphakile kwezopolitiko olwaluxhaphakile ngaphambi kokuba kuvotwe ngokufihlakeleyo .
Isizathu sokuba siye kwivoti eyimfihlo kweli ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo kungenxa yokuba zazikho zonke iintlobo zokunyanzelwa kwabavoti abangathandekiyo, utshilo uSusan Greenhalgh, uMcebisi oMkhulu kuKhuseleko loNyulo kwiNtetho yaSimahla yaBantu. Asikhuseli kuloo ngxaki. Ukuba senza inkqubo eququzelela okanye eyenza ukunyanzeliswa kwabavoti okanye ukuthenga ivoti okanye ukuthengisa, mhlawumbi yinto nje yexesha ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingxaki ebalulekileyo.
Ngapha koko, amalungelo okuvota akhuthaza uxinzelelo lokuba uphazamiseko lwangaphandle kunyulo lwe-2020 sele lukhona kuyaqhubeka . Ukonyuka kokuvota kwi-Intanethi kuya kuphakamisa imiba esemthethweni ejikeleze unyulo kwaye yenze kube nzima ukwenza uphicotho oluchanekileyo kwimidyarho esondeleyo okanye ekhuphisanayo. Ukuvota ngeposi kuhlala kungumgangatho wegolide wokuvota okude kwaye, kuthintela ukuqhambuka okungalindelekanga kwetekhnoloji, kuya kugcina eso sikhundla kwikamva elibonakalayo.
Ukuvota ngeposi kuyangqinwa njengeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuvota, utshilo uSusan Dzieduszycka-Suinat. Uhlaselo lwangoku lokuvota ngeposi alunasiseko kwaye kulihlazo ukuba abavoti kufuneka bahambe ngokudideka. Wonke umvoti kufuneka abe nelungelo lokukhetha ukuvota ngokukhuselekileyo ngeposi.
