Isicwangciso somgangatho we-1920 weyunithi kwi-655 Park Avenue. (Ngobubele beNew York Real Estate Collection Collection, iAvery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University) Isicwangciso se-porn. Yibize ngokukhethekileyo kweNew Yorkerubumnandi obunetyala, ubuncinci xa kufikwa kumba wokuthengiswa kwezindlu. Akukho nto inomtsalane njengokufunda ubeko lweeflethi zokuhlala,Ukulandela umkhondo wendlela abayili bayo abake bahlula ngayo amawaka eenyawo zekwere. Xa kuziwa kolu hlobo lokwakha-ngokuchasene namagumbi axineneyo aseNew York ahlala kuwo-ukubekwa kwegumbi lokulala ngalinye, ipaseji, igumbi lokuhlambela, ilayibrari, igumbi lesicakakazi, izitepsi kunye nemicimbi yefoyer, kakhulu. Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlala apho, ubuncinci unokujonga ngocoselelo iplani.
Akukho ndawo iphantsi yocwangciso lwe-porn eyonelisayo ngaphezu kwe-Upper East Side, kanye xa umhlaba ungowona mhlaba ubalaseleyo wezakhiwo zokuhlala, eziyile izakhiwo ezibandakanya ikakhulu izindlu ezixineneyo. Njengoko isakhiwo ngasinye senyuka ngokukhawuleza sivela nge-1910s kwii-1920s, iintsapho ezinje ngeRockefellers kunye neAstors zangena, zihlala kumagumbi anezikwere ezingama-20 000 kunye namagumbi angama-37. (Ezo yayizezona zinto, zibaluleke kakhulu kwigumbi likaJohn D.Rockefeller kwigumbi elise-740 Park, ngoku elibizwa ngokuba yi-Upper East Side co-op.) Kodwa utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila ukusukela ngee-1920s, singasathethi ke ngemarike yangoku yexabiso eliphezulu elawulwa ziiglasi kunye nezicwangciso zomgangatho ovulekileyo, ishiye ifuthe kwizicwangciso zomgangatho weklasikhi wezakhiwo zombane ezingaphakathi kwePaki nakwiNdawo yesiHlanu.
Izakhiwo zeeflethi bezingasoloko zihlala kwindawo ekhethwe ngabantu abazizityebi baseNew York. Ngapha koko, abaphuhlisi bezindlu kunye nomhlaba kuye kwafuneka babenze baqiniseke ukuba bashiye izindlu zabo zokuhlala apho. I-998 yeFifth Avenue, eyiyunithi eyi-17 eyilwe nguMcKim, Mead kunye noWhite, ubukhulu becala inikwe ubungqina bokuba abantu basezidolophini bahlala kwiindawo ezamkelekileyo zokuhlala, ngokukaCarter Horsley, owayesakuba yintatheli yezokwakha kunye nomlawuli wangoku we-real estate iwebhusayithi IsiXeko. (Kwicala laseNtshona, loo ndima ibikade idlalwe yiDakota.) Ezi ndlu zinqabileyo, zintle, zinamagumbi ewayini, iilifti ezixhonywe ngomnatha waseFrance, amagumbi okulala asixhenxe kunye namagumbi abakhonzi amathandathu, azalise umsantsa kwintengiso: Iindawo zokuhlala ezinabafanelwe zizityebi kodwa ngaphandle kokudinwa okunemigangatho emihlanu benyukela kwiindawo zokuhlala zosapho olunye-ngaphandle kwendleko zokuzilondoloza.
Ngaphezulu kokuvulwa kwe-998 yesihlanu ngo-1912, izindlu zanikezelwa kwirenti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25,000 yeedola ngonyaka nganye. Baqesha ngokukhawuleza, bahlala ezindlini zikaMurray Guggenheim kunye nomzukulwana ka I-20 East End Avenue ibonelela ngezicwangciso zomgangatho ezikhumbuza ezo zakhiwo zikhulu zenkulungwane yama-20.
Imveliso yorhweboUCornelius Vanderbilt. Esi sakhiwo saye sathandwa kakhulu, ezinye izakhiwo zefashoni zaziphindaphindwa, utshilo uMnu Horsley.
Ukuqaliswa kwendlu yodidi kuhambelana nokuvela kwe-Upper East Side njengendawo enqwenelekayo. Phakathi kowe-1903 nowe-1913, isikhululo sikaloliwe esidala saseGrand Central sachithwa saza satshintshwa sanikezelwa kwiGerm Central Terminal yanamhlanje. Ukutshintshwa kwee-locomotives, ezisebenza ngomsindo ngaphezulu komhlaba kwaye zithatha umhlaba omninzi, ukuya koololiwe abangaphantsi komhlaba bakhulula iPark Avenue engafunekiyo ukuba ibeyintloko (kwaye intle) eNew York City.
Kwaye ke, ukuthatha ii-1920s, iNew York yabona ukukhula okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwendlu yokuhlala apho.
Ngokutsho kuka Mnu. Horsley: IJR. Umchweli, uRosario Candela kunye no-Emery Roth. Izakhiwo zabo ezinkulu zase-Upper East Side zihlala zibonakala ngaphandle kwe-nondescript, kodwa izinto zangaphakathi zazicocekile. Ngelixa uMchweli ehlonitshwa ngokuvula indlela kuphuhliso lwezindlu ezinqabileyo kwiFifth Avenue, kunye neRoth eyile ii-greats kwi-East nakwi West Sides (kubandakanya ne-San Remo tower tower kwi-Central Park West), uCandela ngoyena uhlala edunyiswa njengenkosi iiplani zomgangatho.
Unyana ongumphambukeli womntu owatyabeka ngeplastikhi eSicilia, uCandela wazibalasela ngo-1927 njengomakhi we-960 Fifth Avenue — isakhiwo INew York Times emva koko yabizwa ngokoqobo… izindlu ezili-12 zakhiwe enye ngaphezulu kwenye. Igumbi elinye, ngomhla we-10 nenxalenye yomgangatho we-11, lalinamagumbi ali-17, kubandakanya igumbi elinemigangatho emibini, igumbi lokuhlala elingama-60-in-25 leenyawo elathi lelona likhulu kuyo nayiphi na indlu yaseMelika.
Ngo-1929, uCandela wayesebenza kwiiprojekthi ezingama-27 ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izakhiwo zezakhiwo ezingama-740, 770 kunye nama-778 ePaki. Kwinto nganye, ingqalelo enkulu ihlawulwe kwizicwangciso zomgangatho, ezahlukileyo ngokulinganisa, ukuphakama, iisilingi eziphezulu kunye nokukhanya. Isicwangciso somgangatho sasimalunga nokuhamba, utshilo uMnu Horsley. Njani ifoyer ekhokelela kwigumbi lokuhlala, elixhumene negumbi lokutyela, elisekhitshini, kufutshane nepantry emva koko kwigumbi lesicakakazi.
Isicwangciso somgangatho sasimalunga nokuhamba, utshilo uMnu Horsley. Njani ifoyer ekhokelela kwigumbi lokuhlala, elixhumene negumbi lokutyela, elisekhitshini, kufutshane nepantry emva koko kwigumbi lesicakakazi.
Kwakukho iindawo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala-indawo yokuhlala neyokutyela yayenzelwe ukonwabisa uluntu, kodwa ikhitshi le-utilitarian kunye neendawo zokuhlala izicaka zazingezabucala kwaye zazingenzelwanga ukuba zibonwe ziindwendwe. Ukuba negumbi lokutyela elivulekileyo ngenxa yekhitshi kuya kuthathwa njengeklasi esezantsi, utshilo uMnu Horsley.
Ukuya ku-1926 INew York Times Inqaku elibizwa ngokuba yiNew York ngoku lineeNdawo zokuhlala eFlethini, lichaze ubucukubhede beendawo zokuhlala: Kumashishini amva nje akukho zindlu zimbini zifana ncam… Akuyonto ingaqhelekanga ukuba umthengi angavumi ukuthenga de aqinisekiswe ukuba ipaneli yelayibrari yakhe Iindonga zinokususwa ziye kwigumbi ekuthethwa ngalo. Inqaku laqhubeka lichaza indlu kaNkosikazi William Vanderbilt e-660 Park: I-salon yakhe iza kuba yi-46 ngeenyawo ezingama-22, igumbi lakhe lokutyela liphantse lalikhulu, kunye nelayibrari yakhe i-23 yeenyawo ubude kunye ne-18 yeenyawo ububanzi. Amagumbi okunxiba aya kubekwa ngokufanelekileyo. 'Indlu encinci' iya kubonelelwa ngamagumbi okulala asixhenxe. Indlu eyenzelwe uMnu noNksk. John North Willys ngo-820 wesihlanu walungiselela ingqokelela yobugcisa yesi sibini: Isalon inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingaqulatha ngaphandle kokuxinanisa iRembrandt, iFrans Hals, iVelásquez kunye nezinye iinkosi ezindala. Ngokubhekisele kwithala leencwadi, iibhokisi zeencwadi zibekwe kwiindonga zazo ezifulelwe ngamaplanga, zishiya indawo eyaneleyo yobugcisa obuthathu. UMFANEKISO: ngoncedo lweWarburg Realty
Iiflethi zaziphawuleka ngendawo echithiweyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iifoyers ezinkulu kakhulu, amagumbi eelineni kunye neepeki zeebhotile Iiflethi ezikwi-770 Park zeza negumbi apho iipali zenkunkuma zinokucocwa khona ngomphunga. (Kuba, ngoba, kutheni?) UFrederick Peters, umongameli waseWarburg Realty kunye nomlingisi ozibiza ngokuba ngumcwangcisi womgangatho, wazincoma iifoyer ezinkulu, ezirhangqiweyo kwi-635 kunye ne-580 Park. Amava e-foyer enza indlu, utshilo. Unobubanzi phambi kwakho endaweni yento encinci exineneyo.
Nangona wawungekho kwisakhiwo sikaCandela, indlu yendlu yokugcina izindlu kwi-1107 yeFifth Avenue yathatha ikeyiki yendawo echithekileyo. Yenzelwe i-heiress ye-cereal u-Marjorie Merriweather Post Hutton, owayehlala kwindlu enkulu eyayiza kufuna ukutshintshwa kwakhiwe i-1107 yesihlanu. Wathengisa ikhaya lakhe kuphela emva kokuba ethenjisiwe ukuba liza kuphinda lenziwe kwimigangatho emithathu ephezulu yesakhiwo. Igumbi lokulala elinamagumbi angama-54 lalinethala elijikeleziweyo, izindlu zangasese ezili-17, iikhitshi ezimbini, igumbi lesidlo sakusasa, igumbi lokutyela elinamaplanga likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lingabamba iindwendwe ezili-125, igumbi lesilivere, indawo yokubhaka izonka, igumbi eligcina ubushushu lweentyatyambo noboya, Igumbi lelineni, igumbi lewayini, igumbi lokunxiba lamadoda nabasetyhini, igawuni yegawuni, igumbi lokudlala kunye nenqwaba yamagumbi okulala abasebenzi kunye namagumbi okusebenzela iivalets. I-triplex, eyayisisiqeshiso ekuqaleni, yayiqoshwe kumagumbi amathandathu e-co-op kwii-1950s.
Ukuphahlazeka kowe-1929 kunye nesiphumo sokudakumba okukhulu kwanciphisa ukukhula kwe-Luxury kwi-Upper East Side. Kodwa okuninzi okwakhiwe ngelo xesha kusahleli. Ezi zakhiwo, ezinye zenziwe njengendawo yokurenta, zonke ziguqulwe zaba zezona zakhiwo ze-co-op zodwa esixekweni.
La magumbi asathengisa ngeprimiyamu, utshilo uWendy Greenbaum, umrhwebi waseWarburg ngoku othengisa i-co-op ye- $ 11.5 yezigidi kwi-1185 Park Avenue. Ukholelwa ukuba abathengi bokunethezeka bahlala bebeka ingqondo yabo kwangaphambili ukuba bafuna umanyano lwehlabathi elidala okanye ikhondomu entsha kwisakhiwo esiphakamileyo. Ii-co-ops azinaxabiso liphezulu njengee-condos, kwaye lo mahluko ubonakalisa uhlobo lobunini, utshilo. (Ngokwe-CityRealty, kungoku nje kukho ii-co-ops ezingama-294 ezinamagumbi okulala amathathu okanye nangaphezulu kwimarike e-Upper East Side ngexabiso eliphakathi lokucela i- $ 6.3 yezigidi. Ukucela amaxabiso kwii-condos zase-Upper East Side ezinamagumbi okulala amathathu okanye nangaphezulu kumndilili wezigidi ezi-6.6 .)
Abathengi be-co-op nabo kufuneka bajongane neebhodi ze-co-op ezikhethiweyo ze-Upper East Side, eyaziwa ngokulahla abathengi (jonga ukuxhalaba kweNtlalo, iphepha 38). I-740 Park, edume ngokuba ngabahlali bayo abangoozigidigidi, iyalile into efana noBarbra Streisand noBarbara Walters. Izakhiwo ze-Co-op zikwanemithetho engqongqo emva kokuthengisa kunee-condos-izithintelo kulungiso phakathi kwazo. Uyathenga kwindlela yokuphila, utshilo umthengisi waseCorcoran uTom DiDomenico, okwangoku othengisa imali eyi-7.25 yezigidi kwi-1120 yeFifth Avenue.
Ukanti ezi ndawo zokuhlala zihlala zihlala zilungisiwe-imikhwa yokuphila kunye neemfuno ngokuqinisekileyo zitshintshile kwinkulungwane edlulileyo. Kuphantse kunikezelwe ukuba baya kuhlaziya, utshilo uNksk Greenbaum wabathengi banamhlanje. Umahluko phakathi kwendawo yabucala kunye neyasesidlangalaleni ayisenguye ophambili- abathengi bakhetha iiplani zomgangatho ovulekileyo ngakumbi ezinamakhitshi afikelelekayo, batsho bobabini abathengisi. Iindawo zokuhlala zabakhonzi azisekho phambili. Kwindawo yokuhlala u-Ms Greenbaum umele kwi-1185 Park, abanini bancama igumbi lesicakazana ukuze bandise kwaye babeke ikhitshi kwakhona. Abathengi banomdla wokufuna ngaphezulu okanye izindlu zokuhlambela ezinkulu kunokuba zinikezelwe kwisicwangciso sokuqala somgangatho. Kwi-1185 Park, abo banini babini badibanisa izindlu zokuhlambela ezimbini ezincinci ukwenza ibhafu enkulu yokuhlambela.
Abathengi bahlala bemangalisiwe yindlela ekunokuba nzima ngayo ukuvuselela ezi co-op, utshilo uGreta Weil, iqabane kwi-Weil Friedman Architects, inkampani esekwe kwi-Upper East Side. Izicwangciso zomgangatho ovulekileyo ngokupheleleyo ziphantse zenzeke kule ndawo.
Kodwa ukufumana kanye le nto uyifunayo kunqabile. Abathengi bahlala bemangalisiwe yindlela ekunokuba nzima ngayo ukuvuselela ezi co-op, utshilo uGreta Weil, iqabane kwi-Weil Friedman Architects, inkampani esekwe kwi-Upper East Side. Izicwangciso zomgangatho ovulekileyo phantse zingenakwenzeka kule ndawo, utshilo. Izithintelo ze-co-op, ezidityaniswe nokucwangciswa kwemibhobho yezakhiwo ezindala, kunye nezicwangciso zomgangatho wokuqala ziyinjongo yonke, watsho. Sizama ukucaphukisa ubuhle kunye nobuhle bohlobo lwantlandlolo.
Abaphuhlisi banamhlanje abadibanisa ubungangamsha belungiselelo lakudala kunye nokuphuculwa kwendalo bahlala behlangabezana neemfuno. Xa i-condo yeeyunithi ezingama-30 yophuhliso lwe-135 East 79th Street yangena emarikeni ngo-2012, abathengi bakhawuleza bathimba iiyunithi ezinezicwangciso zomgangatho ezikhumbuza uCandela's: amagumbi okulala amaninzi, amagumbi okuhlala amakhulu, iipaseji ezinde. Phambi kokuba siqale ukwakha, saxoxa nodliwanondlebe nabahlobo bethu, ukusukela kwiminyaka yabo yamashumi amathathu ukuya kwinqanaba elingenanto, utshilo uThomas Brodsky, inqununu kwi-Brodsky Organisation, umphuhlisi wesakhiwo. Sifuna ukwazi ukuba bakhetha i-classical okanye ubeko oluvulekileyo. Sifumene iimpendulo zabo zingumxube. UMFANEKISO: ngoncedo lweQela laseCorcoran
Ke u-Brodsky walalanisa, ehambisa ubume be-classic, enamagumbi azinikezelweyo afanelekileyo ukulungiselela ukonwatyiswa ngokusesikweni kwicala lasempuma yesakhiwo, kunye nolwakhiwo lwanamhlanje, olunamagumbi avulekileyo kunye nokutya-ekhitshini, kwicala lasentshona. (Ezinye iiyunithi ezinobeko beklasikhi zisebenzise ukujija kwale mihla kwindawo yokuchitha indawo ngesinki yokusika iintyatyambo okanye indawo yesipili kunye nedesika kwigumbi lomgubo.)
Umphuhlisi osekwe eManhattan uCorigin ujolise kuyilo lweklasikhi kwi-20 East End Avenue, ibali elinemigangatho eli-18, i-condo yeyunithi ezingama-43 ngoku esakhiweyo kwenye indawo enesitshixo. Kuphando lwethu, sifumanise ukuba ezi zakhiwo zeCarpenter nezikaCandela zisayalela ngexabiso eliphezulu ngonyawo wesikwere, nokuba zifuna ukulungiswa, utshilo uMongameli weCorigin u-Edward Baquero. Ifemu iqeshe uRobert A.M. I-Stern, enee-veers zobuhle bayo ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-classical (15 Central Park West kunye ne-30 Park Place, phakathi kwezinye iikhomishini), ukwenza iiflethi ezinamagumbi okulala amabini ukuya kwamathandathu, iifoyers ezinkulu, ithala labucala, indawo yomlilo kunye neepistile zabangcamli. Amaxabiso okwangoku anyukela kwi- $ 12 yezigidi zeyunithi enamagumbi okulala amane.
Iphakheji yezixhobo zokwakha ijolise ekwenzeni imeko yeklabhu, utshilo uMnu Baquero. Kwigumbi elinamagumbi angama-20 e-East East, kwakukho igumbi lokudlala ibhola, ithala leencwadi, igumbi lomculo, igumbi leebhiliyoni, indawo yokugcina iwayini, utshilo. Sifuna ukuyiphindaphinda loo nto, kodwa njengesiqhelo kubanini bezindlu, zigcinwa sisakhiwo. Kuya kubakho isango Iveranda yenqwelomoya Ukungena okukhokelela kwinkundla yeemoto enendlela ehamba ngamatye.
Umnumzana Baquero wabiza inkqubo yoyilo kunye noMnumzana Stern ngokungqongqo, kodwa akalusizi bathathe isigqibo sokuyithatha. Uyazi nje xa ungena kula magumbi ee-1920s, utshilo. Kubuqili, kwaye akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kutheni, kodwa uziva umnandi. Kukho ukufudumala kunye nobuhle obenza ukuba kube ngathi kusekhaya.
Waqhubeka, evakala ngathi wonke umntu waseNew York owe wathandana nolwakhiwo olukhulu lonyaka: Yintoni evelisiweyo ngobuninzi namhlanje ayisenalo uvakalelo kwakhona.
