UMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump.Ifoto nguDrew Angerer / Getty Izithombe Kubonakala ngathi uninzi lwabaphengululi bezomthetho bayavuma ukuba umongameli wase-United States akanakubekwa tyala ngelixa eseofisini. Ke, ngaba umongameli ohleliyo anganyanzelwa ukuba ahambisane nesupina?
Ngelixa uDonald Trump ebonakalisile ukuba angathanda ukuhlala phantsi noRobert Mueller axelele icala lakhe ebalini, amagqwetha akhe acebise ngokuchasene nalo. Ngoku ukuba uMichael Cohen ubandakanyeke ngokuthe ngqo kuye kwizityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho, uMueller unokunyanzela isandla sikaTrump.
Umbuzo wokuba ingaba umongameli ohleliyo anganyanzelwa na ukuba ahambisane nesupina ngumcimbi onzima wezomthetho. Kwelinye icala lengxoxo, uRudy Giuliani ugcina ukuba uMueller akanakunyanzela uTrump ukuba angqine. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba, UGiuliani uxelele umphathi weABC News uGeorge Stephanopoulos . UnguMongameli waseMelika. Sinokubanga ilungelo elifanayo nelabanye abongameli.
UGiuliani uchanekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uTrump akanguye umongameli wokuqala ukujongana nesupina. UThomas Jefferson, uRichard Nixon, uGerald Ford, kunye noBill Clinton bonke bacelwa ukuba banike ubungqina kunye / okanye batshintshe amaxwebhu kunye nokurekhodwa ngexesha lenkqubo yezomthetho ngelixa besesikhundleni. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho wokuba umongameli wangoku anganyanzelwa na ukuba ahlangane nabaphandi bolwaphulo-mthetho uyafana nje nokuba angabekwa ityala na.
I-United States v. Nixon
Kwi I-United States v. Nixon , iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. iqwalasele ukuba ingaba uNixon kunyanzelekile na ukuba athobele isupina iinkokheli nguMtshutshisi okhethekileyo uLeon Jaworski. Isamani ifuna kwenziwe iiteyiphu ezithile kunye namaxwebhu anxulumene neencoko kunye neentlanganiso phakathi kukamongameli kunye nabasebenzi (ezazingachazwanga iiteyiphu zeWatergate). Umongameli, ebanga ilungelo lokulawula, wafaka isindululo sokuphelisa isamanisi.
Ngevoti ka-8-0, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibambe ukuba iimfuno ezisemthethweni zenkqubo yezomthetho zigqithile kwilungelo likamongameli.
Akukho mfundiso yokwahlulwa kwamagunya okanye imfuno ngokubanzi yokugcinwa kweemfihlo kunxibelelwano oluphezulu, ngaphandle kokunye, olunokugcina ilungelo elingenakulungeleka likaMongameli lokungakhuseleki kwinkqubo yezomthetho, inkundla ibanjiwe.
Ukufikelela kwisigqibo sayo, inkundla iyasivuma isidingo sokukhusela unxibelelwano phakathi kwamagosa aphezulu karhulumente nabo bacebisayo babancede. Nangona kunjalo, iqukumbele ngelithi le midla inokubanjiswa yimfuno ezingundoqo zenkqubo yomthetho kulawulo lobulungisa.
Njengoko uJustice Warren G. Burger wachaza:
Isidingo sikaMongameli sokungagungqi okupheleleyo kunye nokuchaneka okuvela kubacebisi kufuna inkululeko enkulu evela kwiinkundla. Nangona kunjalo, xa inyhweba ixhomekeke kuphela kwibango elibanzi, elingenantlonelo lomdla woluntu kwimfihlo yezo ngxoxo, kubakho ukungqubana namanye amaxabiso. Ukungabikho kwebango lesidingo sokukhusela umkhosi, oonozakuzaku, okanye iimfihlo zokhuseleko kuzwelonke, sikufumanisa kunzima ukwamkela ingxoxo yokuba umdla obaluleke kakhulu kwimfihlo yonxibelelwano kaMongameli uncitshiswe kakhulu ngokuveliswa kwemathiriyeli yokuhlolwa kwekhamera ngayo yonke into. ukhuseleko oluya kunyanzeliswa yinkundla yesithili.
Ekugqibeleni uNixon wawaguqula amateyipu, awangqinela ukuba bobabini abancedisi ababetyholwa ngenxa yakhe.
UClinton v. UJones
UBill Clinton uphulukene nomzamo wakhe wokuphepha isikhalazo soluntu ngelixa use-ofisini. Kwi UClinton v. UJones , iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. yala ingxoxo kaClinton yokuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisimangalo kungamphazamisa kwimisebenzi yakhe yaseburhulumenteni. Njengoko uJustice John Paul Stevens echazayo:
Kuhleliwe ukuba uMongameli uphantsi kwenkqubo yenkundla kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo. Nangona uThomas Jefferson kubonakala ngathi wayecinga ngenye indlela, iJaji eyiNtloko uMarshall, xa wayephethe ityala lika-Aaron Burr, wagweba ukuba isamanisi isenokuya kuMongameli. Sivume ngokungathandabuzekiyo nangokugxininisayo isikhundla sikaMarshall xa sasibambe ukuba uMongameli uNixon wayenyanzelekile ukuba athobele isamani ebimyalela ukuba avelise amarekhodi athile eencoko zakhe nabancedisi bakhe. . . .
AbaHleli abahleliyo baphendule kwimiyalelo yenkundla yokubonelela ngobungqina kunye nolunye ulwazi ngamaxesha afanelekileyo okuba unxibelelwano olunjalo phakathi kwamaSebe ezoBulungisa kunye nezeSigqeba alunakufane ucingwe njengolutsha. UMongameli uMonroe uphendule imibuzo ebhaliweyo, uMongameli Nixon-njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla- wenza iiteyiphu ukuphendula isamanisi yesigqibo, uMongameli Ford uthobele umyalelo wokubeka ityala kwinkundla yolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye uMongameli uClinton unikezele kabini ubungqina obufakwe kwividiyo kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. . Ngapha koko, abaongameli abahleliyo nabo ngokuzithandela bathobele izicelo zomthetho zobungqina. UMongameli Grant wanikezela ngendawo ethathe ixesha elininzi kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, kwaye noMongameli Carter ngokufanayo wanika ubungqina obuvotelweyo bokusetyenziswa kulingo lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Eyona nto iphambili kukuba akukho nto kuMgaqo-siseko ebonisa ukuba umongameli akanakunyanzelwa ukuba athobele isamani. Nangona kunjalo, njengaxa kubekwa ityala, iinkundla zisenokujonga isamanisi njengesenzo esiphazamisana nokusebenza kwesebe elilawulayo nokudicilela isidima seOfisi kaMongameli, ngakumbi ukuba ifuna ukuba anike ubungqina ngomlomo.
Ngokoluvo lwe-1818, iSebe lezoBulungisa elalicaphula kulo Uluvo lwe-2000 OLC malunga nesimangalo somongameli ohleliyo, igqwetha Jikelele uWilliam Wirt wathi [a] isamanisi yesigunyaziso sinokuthi, ndicinga ukuba singanikezelwa ngokufanelekileyo kuMongameli wase-US Kodwa ukuba ubukho bomantyi oyintloko buyafuneka kwisihlalo sikarhulumente imisebenzi yakhe yaseburhulumenteni, ndicinga ukuba olo xanduva lubaluleke nakweyiphi na ibango umntu anokuba nalo kuye, kwaye nokuzimasa kwakhe inkundla evela apho iisamoni zivela khona kufanele ukuba zenziwe, kwaye kufuneka, kufanelekile, kunikezelwe.
Ewe kunjalo, akukho namnye kula matyala angentla ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba, oko kuthetha ukuba uTrump okanye uMueller abanakuxela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba inkundla iya kugweba njani. Iya kuba ngumdla ukubona ukuba ngaba ikulungele na ukungcakaza.
UDonald Scarinci uliqabane elilawulayo e Izihlangu zikaHollenbeck -Funda ibio yakhe epheleleyo Apha .
