Igalari yokuqala ye Izinyanya ezingunaphakade: Ubugcisa beReliquary eseMbindini weAfrika KwiMyuziyam yoBugcisa ye-Metropolitan kuthwala ileyibheli eseludongeni ngekoteyishini evela ku-St. Augustine. Uthetha ngokusetyenziswa okungcwalisiweyo [kwezixhobo] kunye nezitya ukukhumbula abafileyo nabathembekileyo, njengendlela yokugcina ukutya kokomoya.
Oku kulandelayo kukwahluka ngokwenkcubeko yezinto zobugcisa ezibandakanya loo mbono: i-totem yaseAfrika evela eFang, abantu abanommandla oquka iCameroon, iGuinea, iGabon kunye neCongo Republic; ibust yaseFrance ngenkulungwane ye-13 eSt. Yrieix; ukuxhaswa kwengalo yaseBelgium; kunye noBuddha waseNepal. Inqaku lomgcini weemboniso u-Alisa LaGamma yinto yokuba iintlobo zobugcisa zibonelela obona bungqina bokuba iinkcubeko ezohluke ngokupheleleyo zabelana ngeenkolelo nezenzo ezithile ezisisiseko.
I-Modernist avant-garde yenza inqaku elifanayo kwangoko kwinkulungwane yama-20 ngokufunyanwa kwayo kobugcisa baseAfrika (obabusaziwa ngokuba bubudala). Umqokeleli kunye nomthengisi uPaul Guillaume wafaka umboniso wepeyinti yokudityaniswa ngu-André Derain wase-France kunye nommeli wase-Afrika, kwaye u-Alfred Stieglitz waququzelela imiboniso efanayo kwigalari eyi-291.
Kodwa uPicasso, wabo bonke abaculi, wabona ngaphaya kwe-Modernist obsession kunye nefom. Iqhutywa yi yokomoya amandla obugcisa base-Afrika, wabhengeza, Le misebenzi yobugcisa benkolo… zezona zintle kuzo zonke iimveliso zentelekelelo yomntu. Izinyanya ezingunaPhakade ujoyina uPicasso ekuxabiseni kwakhe ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi yobugcisa yase-Afrika-ibeka uluhlu olothusayo lwezinto ezithembekileyo zaseAfrika ezinedrama entle efanelekileyo kwindima yabo kwiziko. Njengabo bonke ubugcisa obukhulu, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo isishukumisela ekubeni sibonakalise amandla angenakuphikiswa kwaye abalulekileyo.
Impendulo yeNtshona kwiinkcubeko zaseAfrika kukungaziphathi kakuhle Izinyanya ezingunaPhakade . I-quartet yama-French postcards ukusuka kwiminyaka ye-1890 ibeka amaqhawe angaphandle kwimibukiso emihle; Uhlobo olunjengomzekelo wabo luya kubetha iimvakalelo zeli xesha njengelishwa, ukubeka ngokuthambileyo. Ukanti ubuzwe be-Europe babubaluleke kakhulu: Ifilimu emfutshane yomngcwabo, eyabhalwa ngo-1926, ngumzekelo onomdla wobuchule bobugcisa bokumanyanisa uluntu.
I-Kota, abantu abahlala eGabon, bazisa indlela elula yokwenza ifom kwi Isiqhwala inani, umiliselo olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nookhokho ababalaseleyo nabanamandla. Omnye umzekelo wenkulungwane ye-19 ushunqulelwe ngendlela eyothusayo: Iqokobhe lobhedu elithe nkqo liphakamisa umzimba ofana nedayimani; izihlunu ezibini ezime ngamehlo kukuphela kwento ebonisa imeko yayo engokomfuziselo. Ngoloyiko olungaziwayo, iziko liyalela kwaye lifumana imbeko. I-élan yayo eyenziwe lula yinto uBrancusi achithe ubomi bakhe eleqa.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwesitayile kuchaza ubugcisa base-Afrika, kodwa ingekho nakwisigqubuthelo se-gorile se-Kwele, isicwangciso sokwakha esiqinisekisa ukuzaliseka koburharha njengoko sinokubona, bunokuhambelana ne-Kota's distorlessless form. Isiciko senqanawa iKota, umzekelo, sibonisa umzobo obambe iingalo zawo ngokuqinileyo ngakwicala lawo, intloko yawo emde nethambekileyo ibalaselwe ngombala omhlophe. Imisonto emifutshane nebukhali ejingayo ibetha umlomo. Umfanekiso ubiza ngokunyanzelwa okukhulu. Isandi sayo siyachukumiseka kwaye siyabikezela; Inamandla, ukuba ayikhathazi, njengo-Edvard Munch Ukumemeza .
Umboniso wokugqibela ekupheleni Izinyanya ezingunaPhakade ngumntu obhinqileyo omileyo niombo yenziwe ngumkroli uMakosa waseKingoyi. (IKingoyi yayiyindawo yabavangeli basemazweni yaseSweden kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo.) UKUYA niombo ingafaniswa nomchamo — igama liguqulela kwizithambeka okanye izidumbu — kodwa ukwenza njalo kuthengisa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMosa ngokufutshane. Ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo omkhulu olinganisa ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezingama-70 ukuphakama ngeenyawo ubungakanani beengxowa zeetapile. Kubathandi bemidlalo yobugcisa baseAfrika, oku niombo ayifani nenye into esiyibonileyo (okanye esiyilindeleyo) kubugcisa base-Afrika.
Isiko elibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i niombo yayifihliwe ekuhlaleni. Isongezo kunye nokusongelwa okulandelayo kwamalaphu angenakubalwa okufuna izixhobo ezenziwe ngenduku yokuxhasa. Ubungakanani be niombo , kunye nomgangatho kunye nobungakanani bezinto zayo, ibonakalise amandla omntu lowo imelweyo. Ngenxa yokuba, le ibiyimfazi obalulekileyo omnye.
Iifoto zexeshana, kunye nefilimu esele ikhankanyiwe, ibonisa niombo 'Indima kwimisitho yomngcwabo. Ukunyuka ngaphezulu kwenani labemi, la manani makhulu ayethwalwa kwisakhelo somthi ngesihlenga samadoda. Ngokunikwa isixa semisebenzi ebesiya kubenza, ukubonakala kwabo esidlangalaleni ngokukhawuleza, njengoko uNkskz LaGamma ephawulile, yayiyinto entle kakhulu.
Umvangeli wasemazweni waphawula ukuba niombo Inkqubo yokungcwaba yayingonwabisi kunokubhiyozela. Enye yezinto ezibalaseleyo zomfanekiso kwi-Met, enyanisweni, kukuziphatha kwayo njenge-jaunty. Ubuso bukhanyisa ububele; intshukumo ye-zig-zag yeengalo zayo ithembisa ngokwamkela. Ukufunda ukuba le nto ibonisa ukuba inxibelelene ngqo nobomi basemva kokufa, kunye namandla okubusiphula ubuxoki nokuthintela ubugqwirha. niombo Indalo elungileyo. Yincopho ekhuthazayo ekhuthazayo kumboniso obalaseleyo.
Izinyanya ezingunaphakade: Ubugcisa beReliquary eseMbindini weAfrika ikwiMetropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, kude kube ngoMatshi 2.
