ENTSHA YORK, NY-MEYI 09: URoy Lichtenstein's 'Sleeping Girl' ufandelwa eSotheby's nge-9 kaMeyi ka-2012 kwisiXeko saseNew York. Intengiso yobugcisa bemihla ngemihla ibisemlilweni kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo kunye no-Edvard Munch's The Scream othumela irekhodi kwifandesi ye-119 yezigidi zeedola eSotheby's ngoMeyi 2. (Ifoto: Mario Tama / Getty Izithombe) Nantsi isimilo sebali: Ukuthenga ubugcisa kunjalo kumnandi kwaye kuyonwabisa-ukuthengisa ubugcisa akunjalo.
Ukuba ujonga ukuthengisa into ngegalari, ngubani owaziyo ukuba kungathatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntu ayithenge. Kungaba yiminyaka, kwaye kusenokufuneka uqhubeke ugxotha umthengisi ukuba enze into ethile (ngethemba lokuba igalari ayitshisi, umthengisi akabhanga, weqa idolophu ngomsebenzi wakho okanye uyithengise kwaye angakuxeleli). Awunalo elo xesha lokungabikho kwemali kunye nefandesi: Ukuba uyithumela into enye kwindlu yefandesi, iya kuthengiswa okanye ingathengiswa ngomhla othile. Kodwa ke kukho zonke ezi ntlawulo zenzekileyo zenziwayo, ezikhutshiweyo kwixabiso lentengiso ukuba into ithengisiwe okanye ihlawuliswe umthumeli ukuba akukho mntu uyithengayo.
Ke yeyiphi indlela engafezekanga yokuthengisa ubugcisa ebhetele? Umqwalaseli uthathe ukuntywila okunzulu kwimirhumo yokuthumela izinto ukuze unganyanzelekanga. Ukuthatha? Sonke sifunda ngamaxabiso aphezulu obugcisa kwaye sicinga, inokuba ndim. Isenokuba nguwe, kodwa sukuba nemincili kangangokuba uphulukane nazo zonke iifizi onokuthi ube nazo.
Thatha ukufota, umzekelo. Yonke into ekuthengisweni kwayo iya kufotwa yindlu yefandesi kwikhathalogu kwaye mhlawumbi kwiqonga lokubhida elikwi-Intanethi, njengeLiveAuctioneers, ibaluleke kakhulu okanye iBidsquare. I-Skinner esekwe eBoston ibiza i-10 yeedola kwintengiso ekwi-Intanethi kuphela kunye ne- $ 50 (ukuba umfanekiso uya kwikhathalogu eprintiweyo) ngeqashiso kwiifoto, ngokukaNtloko weSebe lobugcisa laseMelika naseYurophu uRobin Starr. Abathengisi bakaLeslie Hindman eChicago bahlawulisa umrhumo weedola ezingama-80 ($ 10 ngaphezulu ukuba iqashiso nalo liyaboniswa kwi-Intanethi). Kwaye uDoyle New York ubiza imali ephakathi kwe- $ 100 kunye ne- $ 1,500, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokubekwa komfanekiso kwikhathalogu.
Singadinga abafoti abasibhozo ukufota zonke izinto ezikwikhathalogu, usihlalo kunye negosa elilawulayo uKathleen Doyle utshilo. Kuthatha ixesha elininzi kwaye kuyabiza kuthi. Iindleko zefoto ziya kuthathwa kwimali yentengiso yomthengisi xa sele ifikile ifandesi.
Ukongeza kwixabiso labo lokuthenga, abathengi kwiifandesi zikaChristie kunye noSotheby bahlawula ipremiyamu eyongezelelweyo phakathi kwe-12 ukuya kuma-25 eepesenti, ngokusekwe kwixabiso lesando (ipesenti ephezulu yezinto ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200,000 yeedola, ixabiso elisezantsi lezinto ezingaphezulu kwe- $ 3 yezigidi), kodwa bona kunye nabanye efandesi bahlawulisa ikhomishini yomthengisi ngokusekwe kumaxabiso afunyenwe ngexa lentengiso. ILambertville, NJ esekwe eRago Arts & Auction Centre ihlawulisa abathengisi phakathi kweepesenti ezi-5 ukuya kwezingama-25 (isixa esincinci sexabiso elinamaxabiso aphezulu), ngelixa i-Eldred's Auctioneers ekwiCape Cod ivavanya ikhomishini yabathengisi engama-20 epesenti, nangona izakubiza imali encinci xa uninzi luthatha ngaphantsi kwe- $ 100.
Asibizi mali zongezelelweyo ngokufota okanye ukubeka izinto kwi-intanethi, utshilo umongameli wase-Eldred uJohn Scofield, nangona uDoyle engeza kwi-60 yeedola kumrhumo weqashiso kubathumeli xa izinto zifumaneka kwi-intanethi. Sineentengiso zethu kwiindawo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo zefandesi, kwaye i-60 yeedola ayikugubungeli oko kufuneka sikuhlawule, utshilo uDoyle. Siphulukana nemali.
Abanye abathengisi bahlawulisa iifizi zokubhida kwi-Intanethi kodwa bazisebenzise kumnikezeli ngexabiso, endaweni yomthengisi, kwaye abanye abahlawulisi nokuba ngumthengi okanye ngumthengisi ngenxa yokubhida kwi-Intanethi. 
INTSHA YORK - JUNI 10: Umniki maxabiso uphakamisa uphawu lokubhida ngexesha lomsitho weKatharine Hepburn eSotheby kaJuni 10, 2004 kwisiXeko saseNew York. Impahla evela kwilifa lomlingisi ongasekhoyo uKatharine Hepburn inikezelwa kwifandesi kwaye intengiso kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-1 yezigidi zeedola. (Ifoto nguStephen Chernin / imifanekiso kaFetty)
Asibabuzi abathumeli ukuba bahlawule iifizi ezibhatalwa kuthi ngamaqonga e-intanethi, kuba ukuthengisa ipropathi kwi-Intanethi akusekho kubuhle okanye okongeziweyo, utshilo uMiriam Tucker, ophethe iqabane eRago. Okwangoku sicela abathengi ukuba bathathe le mali, njengoko benokhetho lokubhida ngefowuni, ngokungabikho emsebenzini okanye kwigumbi ngaphandle kwentlawulo kwaye bakhethe ukubhida kwi-Intanethi kuba ilunge ngakumbi.
Ukuba uninzi aluthengisi, abathumeli bahlala bejongana nemirhumo yokuthenga-ukubhatala ngokwenyani ukubuyisa izinto zabo. Oku kubuyisela indlu yefandesi ngeendleko zayo ezahlukeneyo, njengokufota, ukuphanda kunye nokwenza ikhathalogu yento leyo. Ayizizo zonke iifandesi ezibiza abathumeli malunga noku. Los Angeles Modern Auctions kwiwebhusayithi yayo, Akukho ntlawulo ifihliweyo njengokufota, intengiso okanye intlawulo yokuthenga, kwaye uRago naye akahlawulisi ngale nto. Nangona kunjalo, u-Doyle uvavanya umrhumo we-5 yepesenti yexabiso lesitokhwe esingathengiswanga (isixa ekuvunyelwene ngaso ngezantsi kwento leyo engayi kuthengiswa engatyhilwanga kubabizi-maxabiso), kunye nefandesi yaseChicago uLeslie Hindman naye wenza njalo. UNks Hindman ubanga ukuba le ntlawulo ivavanyiwe mhlawumbi i-5 ukuya kwi-10 yepesenti yexesha. Imvakalelo yam kukuba, ukuba asithengisi into, sisiphoso sethu kwaye abanye abantu akufuneki bahlawule. Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto azithengisi kuLeslie Hindman kuba abathumeli batyhala ukuba sonyuse uqikelelo olungaphaya kwaloko besicinga ukuba kufanelekile. Kukuzo meko apho kusetyenziswa intlawulo yokubuyela umva.
Ezinye iifizi ezihlanganisiweyo nazo zinokufumba. Ukuqinisekisa ngento efakiweyo ngelixa uphethe indlu yefandesi iqala ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-1.75 yepesenti yexabiso lesando okanye ixabiso eligciniweyo okanye uqikelelo oluphakathi, nangona oko kungarhoxiswa ukuba i-inshurensi yomthumeli iyayigubungela loo nto ngelixa ithengiswa. Kwakhona, abanye efandesi bayayihlawula imali yeinshurensi. UJohn Davis Rush, umongameli wee-Oglethorpe Auctions eSt.Simons, eGa., Uthe inkampani yakhe ine-inshorensi yokugubungela ingubo eyi- $ 1 yezigidi. Oko kungaphezulu kokwaneleyo. Oko akunakwanela xa kuthengiswa izinto zexabiso, kodwa wathi abo bathumeli ngokubanzi banemigaqo-nkqubo yabo kwaye abayidingi eyethu.
Kwaye kunokubakho imirhumo yokugcina xa abathengi okanye abathumeli izinto bengathathi ipropathi yabo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ($ 5 okanye $ 10 ngosuku, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu). Ezinye, izindlu ezincinci zefandesi zinokuhlawulisa umthumeli iindleko zeentengiso kunye nokuthengisa intengiso. Ukuba kukho inkcitho yomntu wesithathu, njengokuqesha abavavanyi, iifreyimu, abathumeli ngenqanawa okanye abo bagcina iimpahla bayavuma, indlu yendali inokuhlawulisa umrhwebi zombini iindleko ezizodwa kunye nentlawuliso (ngesiqhelo, iipesenti ezili-10). Ukuba, emva kokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano somthwalo, umthengisi ukhetha ukurhoxisa into kwintengiso-phantse ngaso nasiphi na isizathu-kunokubakho ukophula ityala lesivumelwano esiphakathi kwama-20 nama-35 epesenti yengqikelelo ephakathi.
Izindlu zeefandesi zinelungelo lokuthatha amanyathelo asemthethweni okunyanzela abathengi abangaphumeleliyo ukuhlawulela izinto abathenga kuzo, kodwa abanyanzelekanga ukuba baqeshe abaqokeleli bamatyala okanye bafake amatyala enkundleni egameni lomthumeli. Ukuba awonwabanga ngamava akho ngeeFandesi zeLifa leMveli, umzekelo, indlu yefandesi yesithathu enkulu emhlabeni, isivumelwano somthwalo osityikityileyo sishenxisa ilungelo lakho lokuzisa isimangalo. Ibango linokuboniswa kulamlo oluyimfihlo olubophayo phambi komlamli omnye olawulwa ngu-kwaye owenziwa phantsi kwemigaqo ye-American Arbitration Association. Ulamlo ngokubanzi lubiza ixabiso elingaphantsi kwesimangalo, kodwa kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuzisa amabango kwinkampani enkulu. 
ENTSHA YORK, NY-MEYI 09: UFrancis Bacon ‘uMfanekiso oBhaliweyo oboniswe kwisipili ufandelwa eSotheby ngomhla we-9 kaMay, 2012 kwisiXeko saseNew York. Intengiso yobugcisa bemihla ngemihla ibisemlilweni kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo kunye no-Edvard Munch's The Scream othumela irekhodi kwifandesi ye-119 yezigidi zeedola eSotheby's ngoMeyi 2. (Ifoto nguMario Tama / imifanekiso kaFetty)
Ekugqibeleni okuphezulu, uChristie wongeze ukuwa kokugqibela kwintlawulo yokusebenza yeepesenti ezi-2 kubathumeli xa amaxabiso entengiso engaphezulu koqikelelo. UDebra Force, owayesakuba yintloko yesebe laseMelika lokupeyinta eChristie kwaye ngoku ungumthengisi wabucala, wayibiza le ntlawulo ngokuba krwada, kwaye akukho namnye kwindlu yefandesi owayenokuthi ingaba loo mali ayikasetyenziswa. Ngokunokwenzeka, le ntlawulo, njengezinye iirhafu ezithunyelwayo, iya kususwa, utshilo uNkskz. Hindman. Sineentlawulo ezininzi zesivumelwano kwimithwalo yethu yesivumelwano esingafane sibizwe. Ayisiyonto inkulu leyo kuthi, kwaye yenza ukuba abathengi bazive kamnandi xa ubayeka.
Intlawulo yokugqibela (enokubakho) yokuba izindlu zefandesi zihlala zibandakanya kwizivumelwano zazo kuthiwa kukurhoxisa okanye ukubuyisela umva umva, obhekisa kumthengisi onyanzelekileyo ukuba abuyise yonke imali efunyenwe kwintengiso ukuba kukho isoyikiso ibango lomthengi lokuba into ethengisiweyo ayiyonyani okanye isihloko esifanelekileyo asipasanga. Akukho mfuneko yokuba kubekho ibango lokwenyani, kwaye akukho mda wexesha-njengommiselo weminyaka emine yemida esebenza kwintengiso yegalari yezobugcisa-xa kunokwenziwa amabango.
Ngamanye amagama, ngokwegqwetha lobugcisa laseNew York, uJudith Wallace, Indlu yefandesi, ngobulumko bayo, ibanga umngcipheko woxanduva, umgangatho ophantsi kakhulu, kwaye ke usekhoneni lokubuyisa yonke imali oyifumeneyo. Inokuba yiminyaka kunye neminyaka kamva. Usenokuba sele uhlawule irhafu kwintengiso okanye uchithe enye okanye yonke imali. Ukurhoxisa ukuthengisa kunokwenzeka nokuba umthumeli wenze ngokuthembekileyo ngokusekwe kulwazi olukhoyo ngexesha lokuthengisa kwaye nokuba kukho impikiswano eqinileyo yokuba ubugcisa buchanekile ngandlela zonke, utshilo.
Ezinye izivumelwano zomthwalo wefandesi zide zifune ukuba umthengisi ahlawule nayiphi na intlawulo yamagqwetha ukongeza ekubuyiseleni ixabiso lokuthenga. Amagqwetha athetha-thethana ngomthwalo wepropathi kunye nezindlu zefandesi ahlala efuna ukubetha elo gatya okanye afune ibango lokwenyani, endaweni yokufumana elinye, okanye anciphise ixesha apho ukuthengisa kungarhoxiswa kube yiminyaka emine okanye emihlanu, kodwa, ngokukaNks. UWallace, ifandesi balwela nzima ukuyigcina kunayo nayiphi na eminye imimiselo kwizivumelwano zabo.
Ke kufuneka uqhubeke njani? Kusekho izizathu ezininzi zokuthumela umsebenzi wobugcisa kwindlu enkulu, ngaphandle kwayo yonke i-nickel-and-diming. Ingcebiso yethu? Jonga izivumelwano zokuthunyelwa kwemithwalo, apho yonke into ibonakala khona ngokucacileyo, kwaye ukhumbule: iifizi zikhona ukurhoxiswa.
