UDonald Trump Akakwazi Ukuphelisa Ubummi bobuzibulo

Ukoyika abafuduki kunye namaqela amakhulu abantu abangena eMelika bevela phesheya ayonto intsha. Ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane eyadlulayo, uninzi lwabantu baseMelika boyika ukuba ilizwe liza kuhlaselwa ngabafuduki baseTshayina.

Emva kokuba iCongress iphumeze umthetho we-1882 waseTshayina wokuBekelwa bucala, owawuthintela ukufuduka kwabantu abavela e-China, amagosa asuka kwamanye amazwe akukhanyele ukungena kuka-Wong Kim Ark e-United States esuka e-China-nangona wayezelwe eMelika. Kwidabi lomthetho elalandelayo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US yabamba ukuba ubummi bobuzibulo buqinisekisiwe phantsi koLungiso lwe-14.

Namhlanje, uloyiko olutsha lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe luye lwanikezela kwingxoxo-mpikiswano. Ngelixa uMongameli uDonald Trump egcina ukuba angabuphelisa yedwa ubumi bokuzalwa, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ayinakuvuma.

Bhalisela iNcwadana yezepolitiki yaBakhangeli

Uhlengahlengiso lwe-14

Inkqubo ye- Isiqendu sokuqala soLungiso lwe-14 sichaza : Bonke abantu abazalelwe okanye ababhaliswe eMelika, kwaye bephantsi kolawulo lwalo, bangabemi baseMelika kunye neLizwe abahlala kulo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba liLungelo lobuLuntu kuqondwa ngokubanzi ukuba lithetha ukuba abantwana abazalwe kumhlaba wase-US ngabemi baseMelika, nokuba abazali babo abekho.

Nangona kunjalo, asinguye wonke umntu ovumayo. AbakwaNayayay bathi ubummi bobuzibulo abubandakanyi abantwana babaphambukeli ngokusemthethweni okanye ngokungekho mthethweni, kuba abo bantu abakho phantsi kolawulo lwe [U.S.] njengoko kubekiwe kwisiHlomelo se-14. Ingxabano ayihambelani nembali yoLungiso lwe-14 okanye iNkundla ePhakamileyo.

Kwi UPlyler v. Doe , iNkundla ePhakamileyo yatolika isiHlomelo se-14 soLingano loKhuselo ngokulingana, elifuna ukuba ilizwe ngalinye linike ukhuseleko olulinganayo lwemithetho kuye nawuphina umntu ophantsi kolawulo lwalo. Inkundla yavumelana ngamxhelo-mnye ukuba abokufika ngokungekho semthethweni baphantsi kolawulo lwe-United States, njengabaphambukeli abasemthethweni nabemi base-US. INkundla ePhakamileyo yacacisa:

Amatyala angaphambi kwale Nkundla aqonda ukuba abaphambukeli ngokungekho mthethweni 'ngabantu' abakhuselweyo liGatya leNkqubo yokuLungiswa kwesiHlanu neyeShumi elinesine, la magatya angafaki ibinzana elithi 'ngaphakathi kolawulo lwalo,' awanakubekwa kwindawo eqinisekisiweyo yokuba abantu abangeneyo ilizwe ngokungekho mthethweni alikho 'kulawulo' lukaRhulumente nokuba bakho ngaphakathi kwemida yawo kwaye baxhomekeke kwimithetho yawo. Akunangqondo kunye nembali yoLungiso lweShumi elinesine olungaxhasi olo lwakhiwo. Endaweni yoko, ukusetyenziswa kwebinzana elithi ‘ngaphakathi kolawulo lwalo’ kuqinisekisa ukuqonda ukuba ukhuselo lweshumi elinesine lukhusela nakubani na, ummi okanye umntu wasemzini, ophantsi kwemithetho kaRhulumente, kwaye efikelela kuzo zonke iimbombo zommandla woMbuso.

Njengoko Owesibini uMgwebi weSekethe uJames C. Ho (otyunjwe nguTrump) wabhala Emuva ngo-2006, iCongress yayisazi ukuba isiTshintsho se-14 sithetha ntoni malunga nobumi xa kusenziwa ulungiso. Ngapha koko, iCandelo loBummi belingeyonxalenye yoyilo lokuqala. Ngomhla we-29 Meyi 18, 1866, uSenator uJacob Howard wacebisa ulwimi oluqinisekisa isiqinisekiso sobummi bobuzibulo. Ekuziseni isilungiso, wathi:

Esi silungiso endisenzileyo ndinikezela nje ngento endiyithatha njengomthetho welizwe, ukuba wonke umntu ozelwe ngaphakathi kwemida yase-United States, kwaye ephantsi kolawulo lwabo, kungenxa yomthetho wendalo kunye nomthetho wesizwe ungummi eUnited States. Oku ngekhe kubandakanye abantu abazalelwe e-United States abangabaphambukeli, abaphambukeli, abakwintsapho yoonozakuzaku okanye abaphathiswa bamanye amazwe abavunyelweyo kuRhulumente wase-United States, kodwa baya kubandakanya lonke udidi lwabantu.

I-United States v. Wong Kim Ark

Inkundla Ephakamileyo yaseMelika iqinisekisile ukuba ngummi wobuzibulo I-United States v. Wong Kim Ark . UWong Kim Ark wazalelwa eSan Francisco ngo-1873. Abazali bakhe, ababengamaTshayina, babengabahlali baseCalifornia ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-17, uWong waya e-China ukutyelela okwethutyana kwaye wavunyelwa ukuba abuyele e-United States. Nangona kunjalo, xa ebuya kuhambo olulandelayo oluya e-China ngo-1895, wanqatshelwa ukungena kwakhona ngokusekwe kumhlaba wokuba uWong wayengenguye ummi wase-United States. Amagosa ajongene nezorhwebo ligqibe kwelokuba ngenxa yokuba wayengengommi, wayenqatshelwe ukungena kweli lizwe phantsi kwemiThetho yamaTshayina yokuBekelwa bucala, eyayinqabela abantu bohlanga lwamaTshayina ingakumbi abasebenzi baseTshayina, ukuba beze eMelika.

Umceli mngeni kaWong wezomthetho waya kuyo yonke iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. Ngevoti ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-2, iijaji zabamba ukuba uWong ngummi. Njengoko uJustice Horace Grey wabhala:

Isihlomelo seshumi elinesine siqinisekisa umthetho wamandulo kunye nosisiseko sobumi ngokuzalwa ngaphakathi kommandla, ngokunyaniseka nangaphantsi kokhuseleko lwelizwe, kubandakanya bonke abantwana apha abazelwe ngabahlali abaphambukeli, ngaphandle okanye iziqinisekiso (njengakudala njengomthetho uqobo) yabantwana bamazwe angaphandle okanye abaphathiswa babo, okanye abazelwe kwiinqanawa zikarhulumente zangaphandle, okanye kwiintshaba ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kokuhlala ngenxalenye yommandla wethu, nangaphandle kwabantwana abangamalungu ezizwe zaseIndiya ngenxa yokuthembeka ngokuthe ngqo Izizwe ezininzi… Ukubamba ukuba isiHlomelo seShumi elinesine soMgaqo-siseko asibabandakanyi ubumi abantwana abazalelwe eUnited States ngabemi okanye izifundo zamanye amazwe, iya kuba kukungabamkeli ubumi kumawakawaka abantu abangamaNgesi, amaScotch, amaIrish, amaJamani, okanye ezinye. Ubuzali baseYurophu, obuhlala buthathelwa ingqalelo kwaye baphathwa njengabemi baseMelika.

Uninzi lweNkundla ePhakamileyo, yayilityala elivulekileyo nelokuvala. Ngokwabafundi abaninzi bezomthetho, kunjalo nanamhlanje. Ubummi bamalungelo okuzalwa buqulathwe kuMgaqo-siseko wase-US, kwaye kuyakuthatha isihlomelo ukubuphelisa.

UDonald Scarinci uliqabane elilawulayo e UScaren Hollenbeck -Funda ibio yakhe epheleleyo Apha .