Ngokophando lwakutsha nje, ama-74 eepesenti abantu baseMelika bathi imozulu egqithileyo kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo — iinkanyamba, imbalela, izikhukula kunye nobushushu — ziye zanefuthe kwizimvo zabo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu.UJonathan Wood / imifanekiso kaFetty Njengoko iSebe lezoLimo laseMelika (i-USDA) lathulisa olunye uthotho lwezilumkiso ezomeleleyo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu, kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele indlela amaRiphabliki kunye namaDemokhrasi avakalelwa ngayo malunga nesihloko, ukuba amashishini acinga ntoni ngayo kwaye yintoni eqhuba uvavanyo lwabo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho isisombululo esiza kuxatyiswa nangabantu abalondolozayo.
Impikiswano yakutshanje yenzekile xa i-USDA ityholwa ngokungcwaba olunye uthotho lwexhala malunga nokuba utshintsho lwemozulu luya kubenzakalisa njani abalimi. Ukongeza, zazikho imiyalelo yokunciphisa zonke iibhodi zeengcebiso zesayensi kwaye ihamba ukunciphisa imali yophando lwezolimo ezibonisa abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bebugxotha ubungqina benzululwazi, kwingozi yelizwe.
Uninzi lwabantu baseRiphabhlikhi bakholelwa kuTshintsho lweMozulu
Utshintsho lwemozulu lwalusele lungumcimbi owahlula abantu baseMelika ngokwendlela yabo. Akusekho njalo, njengoko ubukhulu kumacala omabini, kunye nabazimeleyo, bayamkele isayensi-nokuba iinkokheli ezi-bureau azikenzi oko.
Kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kuphela ngama-49 epesenti abantu baseRiphabhlikhi abakholelwa kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ngoku, iipesenti ezingama-64 zalabo kwi-GOP benza, ngokokuvota kweMonmouth . Kuzwelonke, ngaphezulu kwekota ezintathu zabantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyenzeka, kwaye loo manani anyukile kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo phakathi kwabaDemokhrasi nabazimeleyo.
Kwaye, ayingombandela wobume bendawo, awuthengayo kuphela amazwe aluhlaza. Abo bahlala kunxweme (iipesenti ezingama-79) banokwenzeka njengabo bahlala kwilizwe lesizwe (iipesenti ezingama-77) ukujonga ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwenzeka, ngokutsho kovavanyo lwaseMonmouth.
Imibutho iXhalabile malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu ngokunjalo
AyingoMerika nje oqhelekileyo oqonda ubungozi bokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uhlalutyo lweMoody luqikelela ukuba umonakalo ovela kutshintsho lwemozulu unokuhlawula ilizwe phakathi Iitriliyoni ezingama-54 zeedola kunye ne-69 yezigidi zeedola , Ukujoyina iinkampani zaseYurophu zilumkele ukuqinisekisa ukuba abo banegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Kwaye ayisiyomonakalo nje wesityalo kunye nemozulu eqatha iinkampani ezixhalabileyo ngayo. Iziphumo kwimpilo yoluntu, ipropathi yomntu kunye neziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu ziya kuphazamiseka kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe iinguqulelo.
Iinkampani zeinshurensi ayizizo zodwa ezivakalisa intsholongwane ngokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kunyaka ophelile, Forbes ipapashiwe Ikholam kaSimon Mainwaring malunga nokuba kutheni amashishini kufuneka athathe utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nendlela abanokukwenza ngayo oko.
Abantu ngoku baxhalabile malunga neMozulu
Ukucinezela oososayensi abasebenzela urhulumente ngekhe kutshintshe iingqondo zabantu. Ukugxotha nayiphi na injingalwazi okanye umhlalutyi ovakala ukuba iintsimbi ze-alamu aziyi kumisa inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu. Kungenxa yokuba abantu bajonge imozulu kwaye bayakwazi ukubona utshintsho olunzulu lwemozulu ngokwabo, njengoko kuchaziwe yi-Associated Press .
I-poll yi-Associated Press-NORC Centre for Public Affairs Research kunye ne-Energy Policy Institute kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago ifumana iipesenti ezingama-74 zabantu baseMelika bathi imozulu egqithileyo kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo- iinkanyamba, imbalela, izikhukula kunye namaza obushushu-zichaphazele izimvo zabo malunga notshintsho lwemozulu. Oko kubandakanya isiqingatha samaMelika athi ezi ziganeko zamva nje zichaphazele indlela abacinga ngayo kakhulu okanye okuninzi. Phantse bebaninzi, iipesenti ezingama-71, bathi imozulu abahlangabezana nayo mihla le kwiindawo zabo zichaphazele indlela abacinga ngayo malunga nesayensi yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Xa kanye izaqhwithi zenkulungwane zisenzeka kanye kwishumi leminyaka, abantu bayayazi into ekhoyo. Rekhoda amaqondo obushushu aphezulu eAlaska kwaye IYurophu , Idityaniswe ne izivunguvungu eziqatha ngakumbi njengezaqhwithi esizibonileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo , abantu banexhala.
AbaGxeki boTshintsho lweMozulu abanawo uMyalezo ongaguqukiyo
Abo bagxeke utshintsho lwemozulu bagcwele yonke indawo. Unabo bathi (1) siza kupholisa umhlaba jikelele, okanye (2) akukho nto iqhubekayo ngemozulu kwaphela, okanye (3) ukuba naluphi na utshintsho olwenzekayo lolwemvelo, alwenzelwanga ngabantu, okanye ( 4) yimpazamo yamanye amazwe.
Ngomyalezo ongahambelaniyo, akumangalisi ukuba ukhetho lwe-AP-NORC ubonise kuphela iipesenti ezilithoba zabantu baseMelika abangafuniyo ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngelixa iipesenti ezili-19 zisithi aziqinisekanga, iipesenti ezingama-70 + ezishiyekileyo aziyi kuqaphela ukuba imozulu iyatshintsha, kodwa uninzi lwazo (iipesenti ezingama-60) ziyayithemba inzululwazi ethi imisebenzi yabantu inegalelo elikhulu koku. Ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luba ngumcimbi wonyulo ngo-2020, alukhangeleki kakuhle kwi-GOP kunye noDonald Trump.
Nasi isisombululo sokuLondolozwa kwesixhobo sinokuxabisa ngokunjalo
Kodwa kukho ithemba eMelika, kunye ne-GOP, ukugcina iqela lingashukunyiswa ngulo mbandela. Kukho amaqela avelayo ngaphesheya kweMelika, njenge Ukugcinwa kwamandla aKhuselekileyo , esele yenza intsholongwane eGeorgia naseMantla Carolina.
Ngapha koko, ayisiyiyo ukuba zonke iinkampani zingcolisa ngokulinganayo. Ngo-2017, UMgcini ixelwe iinkampani ezili-100 kuphela ebefaka igalelo phantse kwiipesenti ezingama-75 zazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo elizweni. Ukwenza ezo nkampani zitshintshe nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha eyonakalisayo kuya konakalisa uqoqosho kancinci kwaye kuncede iplanethi ibuye kwakhona kumonakalo. UMcKinsey kunye neNkampani sele benayo ucacise isicwangciso ezinokunceda ezi kunye neminye imibutho ukuba ivumelane notshintsho lwemozulu.
Kwaye amandla ahlaziyekayo sele ekhona ukuyibonisa kunokudlula ezinye iintlobo zamandla ekuhlangabezeni iimfuno zoqoqosho lwaseMelika. Cinga Inkqubela phambili uxeliwe kwinyanga ephelileyo: Ulawulo lweNgcaciso yezaMandla lase-U.S. ukuveliswa kombane qho ngenyanga kwimithombo evuselelekayo kugqithisile ukuveliswa kwamalahle okokuqala. ’Ngelixa amalahle ebonelela ngeepesenti ezingama-20 zamandla ase-US ngo-Epreli, izinto ezivuselelekayo-ezibandakanya umbane wamandla ombane, umoya, amandla elanga, i-geothermal kunye ne-biomass-zibonelele ngeepesenti ezingama-23 isizukulwana.
Kananjalo ayifanelanga ukuba yinto apho iblue ithi yenza ukuba uguquko luphumelele, kwaye ilizwe elibomvu elingakhathaleli ingxaki liphulukane. IGeorgia sele ihambela ekuthumeleni amandla elanga, nkqu ukudala indawo eyamkelekileyo yokuphuma kumda weAlabama eqhutywa ngamandla elanga , ngelixa Iiphaneli zichaze lonke ilizwe lePeach , Ukuyenza ibe yinkokeli yamandla ngaphandle kokungabikho kweoyile kunye namalahle. Akukho kunqongophala kwelanga ezantsi phaya.
Abantu baseRiphabhlikhi bafuna indlela entsha yokucinga malunga nengxaki, ukufikelela kwizinto abantu baseMelika abasele bezazi kwaye bezixhasa. Ukuba akunjalo, lindela inkxaso yokuba abaDemokhrasi bafudumale, njengoko abavoti bepholisa isimo sabo sengqondo kwi-GOP.
UJohn A. Tures nguprofesa wesayensi yezopolitiko eLaGrange College eLaGrange, eGeorgia-funda ibali lakhe elipheleleyo apha.
