UJanelle Monae, Taraji P. Henson no-Octavia Spencer kwi ‘Hidden Figures.’ Lo mboniso bhanya-bhanya awuzukuphuma kude kube nguJanuwari, kodwa incwadi esekwe kuyo ikhutshiwe nje.(Ifoto: Twitter) IKomiti yeSizwe yeeNgcebiso yeAeronautics (i-NACA, eyandulela i-NASA) yaba nengxaki ngo-1943.-uninzi lweenjineli zearhente kunye neengcali zezibalo (ezaziwa njenge iikhompyutha zabantu ) babesilwa kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ekhokelela kunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Ke njengemibutho emininzi ephefumlelwe URosie uRiveter , I-NACA yaqala ukugaya nokwamkela abafake izicelo ababhinqileyo-kwaye oku kufikelela phambili kwaqhubeka emva kokuphela kwemfazwe kwaye ugxininiso lwearhente lwatshintshela emajukujukwini. Ngaphezulu kwabasetyhini abayi-1 babeyinxalenye yenkqubo yekhompyuter ye-NACA / NASA phakathi kwe-1943 kunye ne-1980, kubandakanya ama-80 aseMelika aseMelika.
Umbhali uMargot Lee Shetterly ukhulele eHampton, eVirginia, kwaye utata wakhe wayengusosayensi wemozulu kwiLangley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory eNASA.-iikhompyuter zabantu nazo zisebenza apho, ke yena wakhula elazi ibali labo.
Kodwa xa uShetterly nomyeni wakhe babetyelele uHampton kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo, kwaye umyeni wakhe weva ibali labasebenzi abamnyama labasebenzi beNASA okokuqala, wothuka kuba wayengazi kwanto ngayo.
Ndiyithathile imbali njengesiqhelo, kodwa yayikumbane ukuze ndiyibone kwenye indawo, uShetterly uxelele uMqwalaseli.
Uye wahambisa umbane kule ncwadi intsha Amanani Afihliweyo , ephonononga indlela ababhinqileyo abamnyama ababhinqileyo bezibalo zikaLangley abanceda ngayo iMelika ukuba iphumelele Ugqatso lwendawo . Njengenxalenye yophando lwakhe, uShetterly wenza udliwanondlebe nabali-15 ababesakuba ngabasetyhini ababekhompyuter (ababeneminyaka engama-70, 80 nama-90s) kwaye bathetha namalungu osapho amanye amabhinqa angama-20. Uye wasebenzisa i-NASA iimbali zomlomo ezigciniweyo , kwaye badibanisa iincwadana zeendaba zabasebenzi kunye nokusikwa kwamaphephandaba.
Ubomi obuninzi kuye kwafuneka bujongwe ngeziqwengana, utshilo uShetterly. Kodwa ndakuba ndiqalile bekukho ukwazi okungacimekiyo. Ithathe ubomi obugqwesileyo bodwa.
Aba bafazi bakhululwa kule ntsimi intsha… Amadoda abona ukusebenza kwekhompyuter njengokruqulayo, kodwa abafazi babona ithuba lokuzibonakalisa. -Umbhali uMargot Lee Shetterly
Iikhompyuter zabantu zanceda ukuvelisa iinqwelomoya Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kananjalo bancedisa kuphuhliso lwenqwelomoya yeBell X-1 UChuck Yeager iqhele uku waphule isithintelo sesandi ngo-1947
Umsebenzi wabo wazuza ukubaluleka ngakumbi, nangona kunjalo, xa iRussia yaphehlelela Sputnik satellite ngo-1957, ephawula ukuqala koGqatso loMkhathi. Ukubonakalisa ugxininiso olutsha lwearhente kuhambo lwendawo, i-NACA yaba yi-NASA ngo-1958.
Iingcali zezibalo zaseLangley bakha izikhululo zokulandela umkhondo ezazivumela unxibelelwano lweendlela ezimbini phakathi kwesiphekepheke kunye noLawulo lweMishini, kwaye balinganisa ezinye zeenqwelomoya ezidumileyo zokuqala zeNASA, kubandakanya nezo UAlan Shepard (ngubani ngo-1961 wayengumMerika wokuqala kwindawo) kwaye UJohn Glenn (owaba ngumMelika wokuqala ukujikeleza uMhlaba ngo-1962). Baye basebenza ngo-1969 ukufika kwenyanga kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwi U-Apollo 13 umsebenzi wokuhlangula.
Incwadi kaShetterly ijolise ikakhulu kubafazi abachitha bonke ubomi babo bokusebenza e-NASA, kuba uthe ibonelela nge-arc elungileyo yokubalisa ikhosi yomsebenzi wobufazi kumashumi eminyaka.
Phakathi koovulindlela abamnyama be-NASA Amanani Afihliweyo zezi:
- UKatherine Johnson , intloko yecandelo le-NASA elibala umkhondo wokufika kwenyanga, kunye neenqwelomoya zeShepard kunye neGlenn-UGlenn ngekhe angene kwisiphekepheke de intombazana (uJohnson) iqinisekise ubalo lwenkqubo yabesilisa. NayeUncede ukuyila a isicwangciso sokugcina Oosomajukujuku basebenzise iinkwenkwezi ukujonga indlela ekhuselekileyo ukuya eMhlabeni ukuba iikhompyuter zesiphekepheke ziye zaphuma-oosomajukujuku iApollo 13 basebenzise le ndlela ukuya ekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo.
- UMary Jackson ,, omnye wabafazi bokuqala bombala ukuba yinjineli. Emva kokuchitha iminyaka engama-30 ehlalutya idatha yeenqwelomoya, wafudukela kwisebe lezabasebenzi le-NASA ukuze ancede abafazi baphumelele kwisayensi nakwimisebenzi yezibalo.
- UDorothy Vaughan , Ingcali yezibalo owayekwangumphathi wokuqala wase-Afrika e-NASA. Ngaphandle kukaLangley, wayekhuthaza ubandlululo lwesikolo eVirginia.
- UChristine Darden , injineli yobuchwephesha, umhlalutyi wedatha kunye nenkqubo yekhompyuter eyenze uphando ngoovulindlela sonic booms .
Aba bafazi bakhululwe kule ntsimi intsha, utshilo uShetterly. Bayithathela phezulu, kwaye bawuthanda umsebenzi wabo. Amadoda awubona umsebenzi wekhompyuter ukuba uyadinisa, kodwa abafazi babona ithuba lokuzibonakalisa.
Iikhompyuter zabantu kungekudala ziya kuzibonakalisa kwiscreen esikhulu-Umvelisi ophumelele iOscar uDonna Gigliotti, umongameli wophuhliso, inkampani yezemali kunye nemveliso Iifilimu zeLevantine , wathumela iskripthi esisekwe kwibali likaShetterly ngo-2014 (ngelixa wayesabhala incwadi) noFox 2000 bazakukhupha i-movie adaptation (ekwabizwa ngokuba Amanani Afihliweyo ngoJanuwari.Ifilimu yabalingisi beenkwenkwezi bonke kubandakanya uTaraji P. Henson, uJanelle Monae, uOctavia Spencer, uKevin Costner, uKirsten Dunst noJim Parsons:
Imovie ihamba ngesantya esibi ecaleni kwam, utshilo uShetterly. Uninzi lwabantu luya kubona ukuba imbali emnyama kunye neyabafazi iyinxalenye yembali yaseMelika. Ndiyathemba ukuba abantu bayayifumana incwadi ngebali elineenkcukacha, kodwa masijongane nayo abantu abaninzi babone imovie kunokufunda iincwadi.
Shetterly ukwasasaza umyalezo wencwadi ngei IProjekthi yeKhompyuter yaBantu , Isiseko sedatha ekhulayo kwi-Intanethi yabasetyhini kunye nabancinci abasebenza kwi-NACA / NASA ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) kunye noMdyarho weNdawo.
Ukuba netalente yesayensi yayiyeyona nto iphambili kuzwelonke ngelo xesha, utshilo. Ndiyathemba ukuba oku kuyakusinika izifundo ekufuneka sizisebenzise ngoku ukwahlula abasebenzi besayensi.
Shetterly wagqiba kwelokuba amanani afihliweyo ayengumzekelo eMelika ngokusemandleni.
Awunakho ukulahla iinxalenye ezinzima zembali, kodwa awungekhe uzilibale ezona ndawo zinomdla, ezimangalisayo ezihlala zifezekisa ezona njongo zethu ziphezulu, utshilo. Eli bali liseMelika.
