Ifilosofi yeMali yoBuntu 101: Ukucwangciswa ngempumelelo

Ifilosofi esisiseko

Njengoko sijonga ngo-2016 kwaye sijonge phambili ku-2017 abantu abaninzi bajikisa ingqalelo yabo kwiimali zabo zobuqu, ngakumbi njengoko besiva impembelelo yokuphinda bayigqithe ekuthengeni iiholide. Ukuzisola komthengi (nkqu nangezipho ezinikwe abanye) yinto yokwenene kwaye ihlala idala umnqweno wokwenene wotshintsho. Njengomcebisi wezezimali ndihlala ndiyinxalenye yeengxoxo kunye nokucwangciswa kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluvela kolu hlobo lokucinga. Nanini na xa ndibandakanyiweyo injongo yam kukuxhobisa abo ndibacebisayo ngezinye iinyani ezisisiseko malunga nokuphumelela ngokwezezimali xa ndicwangcisela ikamva elikhuselekileyo kukho amagalelo amabini abalulekileyo:

1. Unemali engakanani.
2. Yimalini oyichithayo.

Inqaku elisisiseko endifuna ukulugxininisa malunga noku kungena kwezi zibini kukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izicwangciso zezemali nokuba zinkulu kangakanani na. Abantu bahlala befuna ukuba nobuchule malunga nokucebisa kubo ngezinto eziphakamileyo ngokupheleleyo ngelixa ndingazihoyi ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto zibalulekileyo. Ndisebenzile abathengi ababenemali engaphezulu kwe- $ 40 yezigidi zeedola kwaye babengazimeli ngokwemali kuba bachitha ngaphezulu kwepotifoliyo yabo. Ndikhe ndasebenza kunye nabaxumi nge-net exabisa kufutshane ne- $ 1 yezigidi zeedola kwaye ngenxa yokuba bachitha imali encinci kakhulu bebezimele ngokwasezimalini kwaye besakha ubutyebi ngaphandle kokungafumani rhafu rhoqo kweminye imithombo.

Kumava am umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo bakwindlela elungileyo ngokuchasene nabo bakwindlela engalunganga lixesha kunye nomzamo abawubekileyo ekuyileni isicwangciso semali yabo. Ukubekela bucala ixesha lokwenza isicwangciso kwaye emva koko kulandelwe kuyo yeyona nto bonke abantu abaphumeleleyo kwezemali abafana ngayo. Impumelelo efunyanwa ngabo benza oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kobutyebi babo. Ngokunjalo nokungaphumeleli kwabo bangalandeli sicwangciso akuhambelani nobutyebi babo.

Ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili

Ngenxa yoku, njengoko sisuka ku-2016 sisiya ku-2017, ndiyabongoza nabani na oxinezelekileyo malunga nemali yakhe ukuba acinge ngokudala isicwangciso esebenzisa le ntanda-bulumko ilandelayo.

1. Gxila kwizinto ezibalulekileyo

• Xa kufikwa kumba wohlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye neengxaki zemali abantu abaninzi bachitha ixesha elininzi becinga kakhulu ngaphambili. Amaqabane abelana ngemali ahlala echitha iiyure esenza ingxoxo malunga nokuba ngubani ochithe ntoni kwaye ngoba. Oku kunokukhokelela kukwahlula kunye nokwenzakalisa iimvakalelo ezichasene nemveliso ekwenzeni isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sexesha elizayo. Ixesha elidlulileyo likuxelela kuphela apho ubukhe khona kwaye ngelixa ulusetyenziso oluthile akufuneki ubeke ixesha elininzi okanye amandla emvakalelo kulo.
• Ulwazi lwexesha elidlulileyo lubalulekile kodwa alufanelanga ukuba lujolise ekucwangcisweni kwakho. Xa uchitha ixesha lokujonga kwakhona iimali zakho zangaphambili yenza oko kuphela kulwazi. Ukujonga ixesha lakho elidlulileyo kunokukunceda ubone iingxaki ukuba zilungiswe okanye utshintsho ekufuneka lwenziwe kodwa elidlulileyo akufuneki ukuba lijolise kuwe njengoko usiya phambili. Sebenzisa elidlulileyo njengolwazi lokwakhela phezu kwaye hayi into yokwenyani enokuliswa okanye kuxoxwe ngayo.

Gxila kwinto onokuyilawula

• Uninzi lwawo wonke umntu ofunda eli nqaku angalilawula igalelo lesibini elikhankanyiweyo ngasentla- yimalini abayichithayo . Bambalwa abantu abanokutshintsha kwangoko ukuba banemali engakanani xa usenza isicwangciso sakho ucinga ukuba uninzi lotshintsho ekufuneka ulwenzile luya kuba kwicala lokuchitha.
• Uninzi lweendleko ezinkulu zobomi zingaphezulu okanye ziphantsi kokuzibophelela. Izinto ezinje ngezindlu, ukutya, ukukhathalelwa kwabantwana, ukuthuthwa, iirhafu kunye nokuhlawulwa kwetyala kuyaziwa kwaye kuhlala kungenakulungiswa. Xa usenza uluhlu lwesicwangciso sakho ezo ndleko zaziwa kuqala kwaye emva koko ngengeniso oshiyekileyo iqala ukuzalisa iindidi zokubona.
• Xa kuziwa ekucwangcisweni kokuqonda gcina injongo yakho iyonke engqondweni. Ukuba icebo lakho lifuna i-100 yeedola okanye ukutya okungaphantsi kunye nokuzonwabisa ngenyanga akuboni oko njengokuphela kwayo. Khumbula ukuba unciphisa kwaye uzibophelela kwisicwangciso esitsha ukufezekisa injongo enkulu.
• Gcina iinjongo zakho engqondweni kwaye ugxininise kuzo rhoqo. Ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha ukufezekisa iinjongo ezintsha zibenze babe yinxalenye yenyani ngokuthetha ngazo kwaye emva koko uzenze. Bhala amanqaku ngazo okanye uxoxe ngazo nabo wabelana nabo ngemali yakho. Ukuba ubusuku bomhla kufuneka kube kukutya okukhawulezayo kunye nokuhamba epakini kubhiyozela inyani yokuba ufumene uqeqesho lokuphuma ngexabiso eliphantsi ukuze usebenzele injongo yakho enkulu.
• Kubalulekile ukugcina izinto ezincinci engqondweni. Ungaze ulijongele phantsi ixabiso lokutsiba iivenkile ezithengiweyo zekofu yeofisi. Ukuba uthanda ukunika izipho cinga ngokunika izipho ezincinci ezinentsingiselo kwaye uchithe ixesha elininzi ubhala inqaku elinengcinga kunokukhetha isipho esimenyezelayo. Njengokuba usiba mdala amathuba amaninzi abantu obathengela izipho sele benazo ngaphezulu kunesidingo kwaye angasixabisa isipho esenzelwe wena ngaphezulu kwexabiso elibizayo.

3. Gxila kwikamva lakho

• Imeko yakho yangoku yemali ixhomekeke ikakhulu kwizigqibo zexesha elidlulileyo ozenzileyo. Ngelixa ungenakukutshintsha okwenzileyo kwixa elidlulileyo unokuchonga ukuba uza kuba namava aphi kwikamva lakho.
• Yiba nobubele kwikamva lakho kwaye uzihlawule kuqala. Nokuba lujongwa njani uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwakho ukubeka imali ngaphandle kwirhafu nganye kulondolozo. Zonke iibhanki zinamandla okuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze ziyicwangcise ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye ziyiyeke iqhubeke.
• Uninzi lwabacwangcisi bezemali baya kukuxelela ukuba kuya kufuneka ufike kwinqanaba lokonga le-20%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ininzi kakhulu yenza oko unako. Abo banokuthatha inxaxheba kwisicwangciso somhlala-phantsi esixhaswe ngumqeshi kufuneka ubuncinci basindise nantoni na eya kuthi ihambelana nomqeshi wabo. Kwiinkampani ezininzi le yi-3% ukuya kwi-6% yomvuzo wakho. Ngokufumana umdlalo inqanaba lokonga ngokuzenzekelayo liqinisiwe kwaye akubizi mali ukwenza njalo.

Okokugqibela, isitshixo salo naluphi na utshintsho olunempumelelo kubomi bakho bezemali yinkolelo yokuba ungazilawula iimali zakho kwaye ungatshintsha. Ukukholelwa nje akuyi kuguqula nto, kodwa ngaphandle kwale nkolelo alukho utshintsho oluhlala luhleli luya kubamba. Nje ukuba ucwangcise ixesha lesicwangciso sokujonga kunye nokujonga inkqubela phambili yakho. Ukuba ulawula iimali zakho nomnye umntu qiniseka ukuba uzibandakanya kwingxoxo. Ukulawula iimali zakho kufana nokufuya okanye ukukhulisa abantwana-ayibukhazikhazi kwaye kunqabile ukuba ubone utshintsho olukhulu kodwa indlela engaguquguqukiyo neqeqeshekileyo elandelweyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo iya kunika imivuzo emikhulu.

* Izimvo ezichazwe apha zezam kwaye azibonisi izimvo zeWashington Trust Bank.

UScott D. Hedgcock ungumcwangcisi wezezimali onomdla wokufundisa ukunceda abanye baqonde kwaye bafikelele kwiinjongo zabo zemali. Xa engekho emsebenzini uScott usekhaya kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana aba-4 bencedisa ekunyamekeleni ifama yabo encinci yasedolophini nje emantla eSeattle. UScott uqeshwe njengoSekela Mongameli we-Washington Trust Bank e-Bellevue, WA. Ungamlandela uScott kwi-Twitter @sdhedgcock okanye umfumane kwi-Linkedin ku www.linkedin.com/in/scotthedgcock