Amaphepha enkonzo yoluntu kaPaul A. Volcker, owayesakuba ngusihlalo weFederal Reserve, ngoku bayinxalenye yengqokelela esisigxina ye 
IYunivesithi yasePrinceton, apho uqoqosho wayefumana isidanga sakhe kwi-1949.
La maxwebhu, aquka imbalelwano, iintetho, iingxelo kunye neememo, agcinwe kwiThala leencwadi laseSeeley G. Mudd, icandelo leThala leeNcwadi eziRare leYunivesithi yasePrinceton kunye neeNgqokelela eziKhethekileyo.
Ukudityaniswa kweebhokisi ezingama-29, kulindeleke ezongezelelweyo ezingama-30 kwiinyanga ezizayo, ingqokelela ibhala ixesha likaVolcker njengosihlalo weBhodi yeRhuluneli yeFederal Reserve System, apho wayekhonza khona phantsi kukaMongameli uJimmy Carter noRonald Reagan. Iibhokisi ezininzi zinxulumene nokuhlala kwakhe njengonobhala kaNondyebo weMicimbi yezeMali yeHlabathi kunye nomongameli weFederal Reserve Bank yaseNew York. Izinto ezongeziweyo ziya kugqithiselwa kwithala leencwadi elichaza umsebenzi kaVolcker kunye neBhanki yeHlabathi, iZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neBhodi kaMongameli uBarack Obama yokuCebisa ngezoQoqosho, apho wayesebenza njengosihlalo.
UVolcker - ngoku uneminyaka engama-88 ubudala-uthe uyonwabile ukongeza kwiirekhodi zembali ezibekwe kumaziko alungileyo eMudd Library. Uthe, Kusekho amaphepha asezayo!
UPaul Volcker ngomnye wabona balaseli baphambili basePrinceton ukusukela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, kungoko ndonwabile ukuba iLayibrari iMudd izakuba likhaya kumaxwebhu asuka kwinkonzo yakhe yaseburhulumenteni, utshilo uDaniel Linke, umgcini-mpepha weYunivesithi nomgcini amaphepha omgaqo-nkqubo woluntu. Amaphepha akhe achukumisa ilizwe lethu- kunye nembali yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ngenani lemizamo yokunceda. Le ngqokelela iya kuba sisixhobo esityebileyo sabafundi nabaphengululi kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.
UVolcker nguFrederick H. Schultz Class ka-1951 uNjingalwazi woMgaqo-nkqubo wezoQoqosho wamazwe, e-Emeritus, ePrinceton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Kutshanje, uVolcker waba negalelo ekudaleni iVolcker Rule, umgaqo kwiDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi othintela iibhanki zorhwebo zase-US kurhwebo lokuthengisa. Lo mgaqo, owamkelwa ngu-Obama esidlangalaleni ngo-2010, uthintela ngokukodwa iibhanki ekwenzeni utyalo-mali oluthile, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwi-hedge fund nakwimali yabucala yabucala. Umgaqo wenzelwe ukuthintela iibhanki ekubeni zenze utyalo-mali olucingelwayo, njengalezo zabonwa ngexesha lentlekele yezemali ka-2008.
I-Volcker ikwacaciswa ngokubanzi ngokuphelisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngee-1970s kunye nee-1980s, phantse ukufikelela kwinqanaba leepesenti ezili-15 ngonyaka. Njengosihlalo we-12th weFederal Reserve, uVolcker, owayenguDemokhrasi ngelo xesha, wenza umthetho-mali. Ngemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali ethintelayo, inzala yemali-mboleko yenyuka ukusuka kwipesenti ezili-11.2 ngo-1979 yaza yenyuka nge-20 yeepesenti ngo-1981.
Ngelixa ehlaselwe ngolunya ngomgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wokuthintela amalungelo, indlela kaVolcker yavelisa iziphumo ezinamandla: Uqoqosho lwaluvuseleleka ngo-1982, kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwehla ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezi-3 ekupheleni kwexesha lakhe ngo-1983. Kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso kaVolcker, isazi ngezoqoqosho uWilliam Silber uthe, Indibaniselwano yemali ephilileyo kunye nokuthembeka kwezemali kugcinile injongo yozinzo lwamaxabiso.
Ngaphambi komsebenzi wakhe njengosihlalo weFederal Reserve, uVolcker wahlula ixesha lakhe phakathi kweFederal Reserve Bank yaseNew York, iChase Manhattan Bank kunye neSebe lezeMali laseMelika.
Ngexesha lakhe noNondyebo, uVolcker wadlala indima enkulu kwisigqibo sikaMongameli Richard Nixon sokuphelisa ukuguqulwa kweedola zaseMelika zibe zegolide, amanyathelo ezoqoqosho awaziwa ngokuba yiNixon Shock. Oku kukhokelele ekuphelisweni kwenkqubo yeBretton Woods, inkqubo yotshintshiselwano ngemali yamazwe aphesheya.
Emva kokushiya inkonzo yoluntu ngo-1987, kwaye kwakhona ngo-2003, uVolcker wakhokela iiKhomishini zikaRhulumente ezizimeleyo, ezingathathi cala kwiNkonzo kaRhulumente, nganye yazo icebisa ukutshintshwa kombutho kunye nezenzo zabasebenzi kurhulumente waseUnited States. Emva kokushiya iFederal Reserve, uVolcker waba ngusihlalo wenkampani yebhanki yaseNew York City iWolfensohn & Co.
Phakathi kowe-1996 nowe-1999, uVolcker wakhokela ikomiti eyasekwa ukuze ichonge iiakhawunti ezikhoyo kunye nezinye izinto kwiibhanki zaseSwitzerland zamaxhoba atshutshiswa ngamaNazi. La maxwebhu ekugqibeleni aya kuba yingqokelela ePrinceton.
Ukusukela ngo-2000, uVolcker usebenze njengosihlalo kwiqela leekomiti kunye namaqela kubandakanya neBhodi yeTrasti ye-International Accounting Standards Committee; iKomiti eZimeleyo yoPhando ephanda urhwaphilizo kwiNkqubo yeZizwe ngeZizwe yeOyile yokuTya, evumela iIraq ukuba ithengise ioyile endaweni yokutya, amayeza kunye nezinye iimfuno; kunye neBhodi yeNgcebiso ngokuBuyisa uQoqosho. Kwaye ngo-2007, wabangusihlalo wepaneli yeBhanki yeHlabathi yokujonga ukusebenza kweSebe leMfundo lokuthembeka.
UVolcker wazuza isidanga sakhe kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton ngo-1949 nenkosi yakhe kwezoqoqosho kwezopolitiko kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ngo-1951. Wayefunda kwisikolo i-London School of Economics ukusukela ngo-1951 ukuya ku-1952.
EPrinceton, uVolcker wabizwa njengegosa eliphezulu kwisikolo i-Wilson School ngo-1975 kwaye kamva wasebenza njenge trasti ye-charter yase-Princeton ukusukela ngo-1984 ukuya ku-1988.
Ukuthambisa iinyawo ezingama-28 ezinemigca, amaxwebhu enkonzo yoluntu kaVolcker aya kufumaneka kungaphelanga nonyaka kwindawo ekuvalwa kuyo iMudd Library, indawo ekumgangatho ophezulu ehlala ngaphezu kweenyawo ezingama-35,000 zamaxwebhu oovimba.
Ngenxa yako konke okwenziwe nguPaul Volcker ngokunxulumene nenkonzo yoluntu, silindele ngokupheleleyo ukuba le ibe yingqokelela esetyenziswe kakuhle, utshilo uLinke.
Ngelixa ithala leencwadi iMudd liza kugcina amaphepha enkonzo kawonke-wonke kaVolcker, amaxwebhu achaza ixesha likaVolcker kwiSebe likaNondyebo ligcinwe kuVimba weSizwe noLawulo lweeRekhodi eWashington, D.C.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuqokelelwa, ndwendwela isikhokelo esikwi-intanethi ku http://findingaids.princeton.edu/collections/MC279 .
