Funda kancinci. Funda nzulu.

Eli nqaku lalinjalo yapapashwa okokuqala kwiBhlog yeTodoist kwaye iphinde yapapashwa ngemvume.

Ungathini ukuba bendinokuxelela ukuba ukufunda incwadi enye kunokuba nexabiso ngaphezu kokufunda amashumi amahlanu? Ukufunda kwakhona into eyaziwayo kubaluleke ngakumbi kunokufunda into entsha? Ungathini ukuba bendinokuxelela ukuba ungafunda ngakumbi ngokufunda kancinane?

Ulwazi olugqithisileyo

Ngemiboniso ye-1,500-2,000 yeTV, i-600,000 - 1 yezigidi zeencwadi ezipapashiweyo, i-1 yezigidigidi ezisebenzayo zewebhusayithi kunye nama-tweets ayi-200 ezigidi ezithunyelwa minyaka le, siphila kwihlabathi eligcwele ulwazi. Ezingxoweni zethu, ucofe ubhontsi kude, siphethe iilayibrari ezinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba nokucinga ukuba ayinakwenzeka.

Kwiwebhusayithi yakhe ukuba, ?, isazinzulu kunye noopopayi uRandall Munroe iinzame zokuqikelela inani ledatha eligcinwe kwiiseva zikaGoogle. Ngokwezibalo zakhe (eziqikelelweyo), ukuba yonke idatha yenkampani igcinwe kumakhadi epali abamba oonobumba abangama-80, abangama-2 000 abafakwa kwibhokisi enye, ezi bhokisi ziya kugubungela yonke i-New England 4.5 yeekhilomitha ubunzulu! Kwaye yiGoogle nje.

Into engenakwenzeka nangakumbi kunokucinga ngobukhulu bayo yingcinga yokuba ngandlela thile kufuneka sikwazi ukugcina ngoku ngokufunda iilwandle zolwazi. Ingcinga ephambeneyo, ukanti sihlala siphila kwimizamo eqhubekayo. Siskena. Siyaqhuba. Sichwechisa iiposti zikaFacebook, ukondla iindaba kunye nokubhukisha kwi-mzuzu ngamnye. Iifowuni ngaphandle ngelixa silinde emgceni okanye sihleli kwizibane ezibomvu, sikhupha konke esinako kukoyika ukuba siyakuphoswa yinto ebalulekileyo.

Kuqhelekile ukuba iinkampani zetekhnoloji ngokuqinisekileyo ziyazi:

• Izibonelelo ezivakalayo zokumamela zikhawulezisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3X yeencwadi zazo zokumamela.
• Ukongeza kwisakhono sokwandisa isantya sokumamela, usetyenziso lwePodcast iOvercast ibonelela ngento ebizwa ngokuba yiSmart Speed ​​efumana ukuthula kwisandi kwaye isike, ichebe imizuzu ngeyure nganye.
• I-Twitter kunye ne-Snapchat zikhawulela kwiimpawu ezili-140 okanye imizuzwana eli-10 ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Iiapps ezinje ngomqhagi kunye nomsonto wokufunda zinikezela ngeencindi ezincinci zemihla ngemihla zeencwadi zakudala.
• U-Blinkist uthumela abasebenzisi ulwazi olubalulekileyo olusuka ezincwadini (ukugcina ixesha lokuzifunda).
• Okwangoku, njengoko ndibhala oku, eyona app iphambili kwivenkile ye-iPhone isishwankathelo apho uthatha khona iphepha lencwadi okanye inqaku leendaba kwaye ufumane isishwankathelo, uhlalutyo lomxholo, uhlalutyo lwamagama aphambili okanye uhlalutyo lokukhetha icala kwimizuzwana.
• ISpritz sisixhobo sokufunda esikhawulezayo esikhanyisa amagama okanye amaqela amagama amafutshane ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza kwifestile emileyo ekuthiwa ithintela ukujika kwentloko, ukuthoba isantya kunye nokuphinda ufunde.

Ulwazi luza kuthi luvela kuzo zonke iindlela ngamaxesha onke. Ngokwokungena kweWikipedia kwi Ulwazi olugqithisileyo Uhlolisiso lwango-1997 lwafumanisa ukuba i-50% yolawulo kwiinkampani ezingama-Fortune 1000 zaphazanyiswa zii-imeyile ngaphezulu kwamaxesha amathandathu ngeyure. Olu lwazi luthe rhoqo lokunyuka kolwazi lonyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka eli-19 elandela olo phando. Ngo-1997 kwakungekho ii-smartphones. Kwakungekho Gmail, imidiya yokuncokola okanye imiyalezo ebhaliweyo. Namhlanje, abasebenzi baseofisini baphazanyiswa, okanye baziphazamisile, yonke imizuzu emi-3 .

Ngaphandle kokuthatha incwadi, siyaqhubeka nokugcwala ngolwazi mihla le. Kwaye ukubonakaliswa rhoqo kolwazi kunemiphumo yokwenene kwindlela esicinga nesenza ngayo izinto.

Njengoko kuxoxiwe kwi- Inqaku le-2008 leNzululwazi laseMelika , amandla kunye nokwenza izigqibo zincinci izibonelelo. Zombini zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwesigqeba sokwenza umsebenzi esikukhethayo. Xa umsebenzi olawulayo ephelelwa ngamandla siye sincipha ekwenzeni izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ngexesha elithile sinikezelwa engakwaziyo ukwenza naluphi na ukhetho konke konke .

Yilento abantu bayithetha xa besithi ndidiniwe. Andifuni nokucinga ngokutya. Ulwazi olugqithisileyo lukhokelela kwimvakalelo engapheliyo yokuqhutywa ngamarhabaxa. Isenzo esilula sokutshintsha izaziso kunye nokugcina ukutya kwethu kusenza singakhuthazeki kakhulu ukuba sizilolonge, sibuthathaka ngokuchaseneyo nezilingo zokutya okungenampilo, kunye nokudinwa xa ujongene nezigqibo.

Njengokuba ndikhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala, andicingi ukuba ukutya ulwazi ngokukhawuleza sisisombululo kwingxaki. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayizukusasaza lo msi wedatha sihlala kuwo. Ngapha koko, ukonyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwethu akuthethi ukuba siyafunda ngakumbi.

Uvavanyo lomntu

U-2015 yayingunyaka wam wokutya kwengqondo. Ngaphezulu komjelo osele ukhankanyiwe wezithuba zemidiya yoluntu ezingapheliyo, ii-imeyile kunye nemiyalezo ebhaliweyo, ndizibekele imingeni emibini ephambeneyo. Eyokuqala yayikukubukela iimovie ezingama-300. Injongo yam yesibini yayikukufunda iincwadi ezingama-80. Ingcamango yonke yayingenangqondo. Kwaye nangona ndingathanda ukuthi ndisilele ukufezekisa zombini ezi njongo, kwenzeka into ebi kakhulu: ndizigqithile. Ngo-2015, ndafunda Iincwadi ezingama-89 kwaye ndibukele Iimovie ezingama-355 .

Ndikhawuleze ndafunda ukuba ngesantya esiqhelekileyo akukho xesha laneleyo lonyaka lokufezekisa ezi njongo, ukuba bendiceba ukutya, ukulala nokusebenza konke konke. Ndidinga ukukopela inkqubo. Ngelixa ndingazi kwawaphi na amaqhinga okubukela imovie ngokukhawuleza, kukho amaqhinga amabi onokuwasebenzisa ukwandisa inani leencwadi ozifundileyo. Kwingxowa yam yamaqhinga yayi:

1. ukusetyenziswa kweencwadi ezimanyelwayo
2. Iincwadi ezimanyelwayo ngesantya esiphindwe kabini
3. Iincwadi zomsindo ngesantya esiphindwe kathathu
4. ukumamela iincwadi zokumamela ngelixa ujonga i-imeyile kunye nokujonga kwiwebhu
5. Spritz (le app ikhankanywe ngasentla yokufunda ngokukhawuleza)

Ngoku, kufuneka ndinyaniseke kakhulu. Ngaphezulu konyaka wonke, ndiziva ngathi ndafunda kancinci. Ndifunde ngakumbi kwaye ngandlela thile bendisazi kancinci. Kubonakala ngathi ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ukuqonda kwam kuye kwanda. Ndiyazi ngoku ukuba incwadi yeaudiyo ngesantya esiphindwe kabini sesona santya ngqo sokuqonda kwam. Ngeso santya ndinokugcina ukuqonda okwethutyana (malunga nemizuzu eli-10-15), emva koko ingqondo yam iyadina kwaye ivale ngokususa ingqalelo kwincwadi. Ngelixa ndaze ndanikela ingqalelo epheleleyo ngesantya esiphindwe kathathu, bendiphoswa sisiqingatha sento endiyimameleyo. Andikwazi nje ukuyibamba yonke.

Ndijongene nengxaki ezifanayo xa ndinemisebenzi emininzi. Ingqondo ngokulula nje ayinakukwazi ukufunda into kwiscreen ngelixa umamele enye into efundwayo. Ndinokuqonda kuphela ngokunciphisa ukugxila kwinto enye kunye nokuvimba enye. Kubonakala ngathi, xa ndandisindwa ngumthwalo, impendulo yengqondo yam yayikukuvala okanye ukuvala ngaphandle.

Kodwa, kuzo zonke izinto endizizamile (kubandakanya ukufunda iibhlog ngelixa ndimamele incwadi yeaudiyo ngesantya esiphindwe kabini) ukuqonda okona kubi kuza nokusetyenziswa kweSpritz. I-Spritz ngokuyintloko yiwindow yokubhaliweyo ekhanyisa igama elinye okanye amagama amafutshane aliqela phambi kwamehlo akho, kunokuba ubonise amaphepha okubhaliweyo ukuze uskene kuwo. Ngesantya esiphakamileyo njengamagama angama-700 ngomzuzu kwaye asezantsi ngamagama ali-100 ngomzuzu, ndafumanisa ukuba nakweyona icothayo, iSpritz yayingeyonto endinokuyixhasa ngencwadi yonke. Yayilimaza nje ingqondo yam kwaye yayilimaza phantse kwangoko. Ndizamile ukufunda iziqendu zenoveli ka-Kingsley Amis i-Old Devils ndisebenzisa i-app kunye neziqendu endizifundileyo ndisebenzisa iSpritz azikho kwaphela kwimemori yam. Kufana nokuba andizange ndizifunde. Eyona nto ndiyikhumbulayo kukududuzela kwamagama adanyazayo phambi kwam kwaye nalawo magama bendikwazi ukubhalisa nokuqonda elinye kulawo onke ama-30 okanye ama-40.

Ndiza kufuneka ndiyifunde kwakhona le ncwadi kwixesha elizayo. Akukho ndlela yokuyijikeleza, kuba ukuqonda kwam kuyo kunemingxunya engaphezulu kuneyona nto. Kufana nokufunda igama elinye kuyo yonke imigca emibini yesicatshulwa. Eli nqanaba lokusetyenziswa ayisi kufunda. Awunakho ukudibanisa nayiphi na into exabisekileyo kunye kulwazi olunqabileyo. Ndifumanise ukuba ukusebenzisa iSpritz bekungasisixhobo sokufunda kunye nefom yokuhlukumeza efanele i-Clockwork Orange.

Ngaphezulu kwesithuba sika-2015, bekukho iincwadi ezininzi endineenkumbulo ezingacacanga ngazo. Amava okuphulaphula nganye nganye ahlala kuphela kwimeko yomxholo. Rhoqo ndiyakwazi ukubona apho bendihleli khona okanye ukuba injani imozulu ngala mini, kodwa kwisicatshulwa ngokwaso ndinokukhumbula kuphela ezona nkcukacha ngokubanzi. Ndiyakwazi ukukuxelela ukuba incwadi ibithetha ngantoni, ndinganakho nokuba ndibalise ngeenkcukacha zemiboniso embalwa, kodwa andikwazi ukuqala ndikuxelele ukuba incwadi ithetha ukuthini okanye zeziphi iindawo ezingcono. Kuya kufana nokuchaza isixeko endiqhubele kuso kuphela.

Ukukhumbula vs.

Ukukwazi kwethu ukugcina ulwazi kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Okokuqala kukho ukukhumbula. Ukukhumbula sisiseko sokukhumbula, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo, kuthatha ixesha elide ukukhumbula kwaye kuphele ngokukhawuleza. Uninzi lwethu, ukukhumbula yinto ebesikade sidlulisa i-algebra kunye ne chemistry. Sikwazile ukufunxa itafile yamaxesha kunye nokulinganisa kwe-quadratic ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuba sikwazi ukuphumelela imibuzo kunye novavanyo kodwa sizobe sigqibe ukuva loo magama ngoku.

Enye indlela yokufunda yile nto siyibiza ngokuba kukwazi. Ukwazi yinto eyenzekayo xa sicola ulwazi njengenyaniso. Inene iba yinxalenye yethu kwaye Singazicacisa kwabanye . Le yiyo yonke injongo yezincoko, iiprojekthi zesayensi kunye namaqela okufunda esikolweni: ukukhuthaza ulwazi kunokukhumbula inkumbulo.

Umahluko phakathi kokukhumbula nokwazi ngowona mzekelo mhle wokuba ngumzali. Sinokuxelela umntwana ukuba angachukumisi isitovu kwaye baya kuyikhumbula kanye loo nto, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi ayizukuthintela ukuba bayichukumise. Bayakhumbula ubaxelela ukuba isitovu sishushu - banokwazi nokukuxelela ukuba ubumi phi kwaye ubunxibe ntoni - kodwa ayizukubathintela ekuchukumiseni isitovu. Bayakhumbula kodwa abazi; abayi kuyazi bade bazitshise.

Kwi Ufundo luka-2003 kwiYunivesithi yaseLeicester, umphandi uKate Garland ufunda umahluko phakathi kokukhumbula nokwazi ngokuthelekisa ukufunda kwiscreen nokufunda ephepheni. Iqela lakhe lophando lanikwa izixhobo zokufunda ezivela kwikhosi yokuqala yezoqoqosho. Isiqingatha sacelwa ukuba sifunde umbandela kwikhompyuter yokujonga ngelixa elinye icala linikwe loo nto kwincwadi yokubhalela ejikelezayo.

Ngelixa uGarland efumanise ukuba omabini la maqela afumene amanqaku ngokulinganayo kuvavanyo lokuqonda, iindlela zokukhumbula zahluke kakhulu. Abo bafunda ulwazi kwikhompyuter baxhomekeke kuphela ekukhumbuleni ngelixa abafundi abafunda ephepheni befunda izinto zokufunda ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi; khange bachithe ixesha elininzi bekhangela ezingqondweni zabo ulwazi oluvela kwisicatshulwa, bezama ukuvusa inkumbulo efanelekileyo-bahlala bahlala bezazi iimpendulo.

Nangona oku kubonakala ngathi kuninzi malunga nokuphakama kwangaphakathi kwiphepha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukungafani kuxhomekeke ekuboneni. Ngamanye amagama, iphepha alinakuba ngcono ngokwendalo ekufundeni, kodwa endaweni yoko indlela esijonga ngayo iphepha isenza sifunde ngokunzulu ngakumbi kuyo. Kungenzeka ukuba sikholelwe ukuba iphepha libe sisiseko esisigxina ngakumbi kwaye sijonga amanqaku e-intanethi njengalahlekileyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba oku kuxabisa kube noxanduva lokuba ingqondo yethu ijongana njani nolwazi olufunyenwe kulwimi ngalunye.

Xa sikhumbula into, siyibiza ngokuba yidatha, ulwazi okanye iinyani. Xa kukho into esiyaziyo siyibiza ngokuba lulwazi. Ulwazi luba yinxalenye yoko sikuko njengabantu. Sigcina amanqaku koovimba asebenza njengezikhongozelo zokubuyiswa kwakhona, ngelixa injongo yencwadi yahluke mpela. Injongo yencwadi kukukhuthaza ukukhula. Incwadi yenzelwe ukongeza kwimvakalelo yethu. Kwaye kulapha ke apho sifumana ingxaki yethu ngokufunda ngokukhawuleza: Xa siqala ukujonga iincwadi njengezinto esinokuzisebenzisa kwaye sizicelomngeni ngokwethu ukuba sizingenise ngokukhawuleza, siqala ukuzibona njengedatha; njengenye nje into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Xa siyeka ukujonga kubo ngolwazi yonke into ekuzo iba yeyokwexeshana.

Ukufunda nzulu ngokuCinga nzulu

Ngaphandle kweziphene ezilula zokukhumbula okusisiseko, kukho ezinye izibonelelo ezinikezelwa ngokulinganisa, ukufunda ngononophelo ngakumbi. Isidingo sokufunda ngokunzulu yinto esiyiva ngakumbi nangakumbi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ukuya kuthi ga ekuvuseleleni intshukumo. Ngo-2009, iSlow Book Movement yasekwa ngumbhali wenoveli u-Alexander Olchowski. Intshukumo ezinikele ekukhuthazeni izibonelelo zokufunda ngokunzulu, ezona zimvo ziphambili zichazwe ngumbhali uJohn Miedema: Ukuba ufuna amava anzulu encwadi, ukuba ufuna ukuyifaka ngaphakathi, ukudibanisa izimvo zombhali kunye neyakho kwaye uyenze ngamava obuqu, kuya kufuneka uyifunde kancinci.

Ukuqiqa apha kuchanekile kwaye kufuna ubungqina obuncinci besayensi ukuzibonakalisa kumntu oqhelekileyo. Ukufunda (nokuba kukukhumbula okanye kukwazi) kufuna ukugxila. Ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo sinobunzima bokugcina nantoni na, njengoko kubonisiwe kwimizamo yam yobudenge yokumamela kwiincwadi zomsindo ngelixa ndisilwa nebhokisi yam ye-Gmail. Kodwa ukufunda okungekho nzulu ayisiyonto siyenza ngenjongo. Yinto esiyenzayo ngenxa yokoyika ukuphoswa yinto ebalulekileyo, isiphumo esibi sokuxhaphaka kwabathengi. Okukhona siyitya kokukhona sinokuthengiswa.

Iwebhusayithi yesicelo sokufunda ngokukhawuleza uSpritz ubanga ukuba ngaphaya kwamagama adanyazayo ngesantya esikhawulezileyo, uSpritz usebenza ngokukuvumela ukuba ufunde ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhambisa amehlo, kwaye oku kuthiwa konga iiyure zexesha. Kwaye kufuneka ndivume, konke oku kuvakala kufanelekile; kwaye iyavakala… kuye wonke umntu ngaphandle kweengcali.

Nini udliwanondlebe neNew Yorker Isazi ngengqondo, uMichael Masson wathi, esinye sezizathu zokwenza intshukumo yamehlo ephindaphindayo kukulungisa ukusilela kokuqonda. Kwizifundo azenzileyo kufundo olukhawulezileyo, uMasson wafunda ukuba ukuhamba kwamehlo kwiphepha kubalulekile ekuqondeni. Ngaphandle kwesakhono sokuskena umva, imigqomo yobuchopho iye phambili ishiya imingxunya emikhulu yokuqonda, ngelixa isebenza ngokungazenzisiyo ukudibanisa kunye ukuqonda kokuncinane ekuqokeleleyo. Oku kukhubazeka kungekuphela nje umbono wenqaku elifundwayo kodwa nokuqonda kwazo zonke izicatshulwa ezizayo ezixhomekeke kulowo ufundwayo. Imfihlelo ayinakusonjululwa ukuba umcuphi uphose zonke izikhombisi, kwaye inoveli ayinakuqondwa ngokungafundi nto ngaphandle kwephepha lokugqibela. La ngamava am kanye no-Spritz noMartin Amis's Old Devils, konke endinako ngamaqhekeza angaxhumekanga.

Sifunda kancinci ukuqinisekisa ukuba siyawaqonda amagama aphambi kwethu, kodwa sikwafunda kancinane ngethemba lokuba ezinye iingcinga ziyopha. Ngelixa ukuphazamisa, iingcinga ezingaphakathi ziya kuba zezokuqala ukufika, ngokuziqhelanisa ezi ngcinga ziye zifaneleke ngakumbi; Siza kuqala ukubona ukufana nokwahluka kwezinye izinto esizifundileyo. Kolu nxibelelwano lusisiseko sokufunda ngokwaso. Sihlala sidida ukufunda kunye nokuqokelelwa kwedatha, kodwa ukufunda yinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ukufunda yinto ehambisa into ukusuka ekukhumbuleni ukuya ekwazini. Kwaye le yeyona ndlela yokucinga inzulu.

Ukufunxwa kwembono enye akwanele ukuvusa ingcinga. Olunye uluvo kufuneka lube nolunye uluvo lokubhabha. Kwifilosofi, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Hegelian Dialectical Formula. Umbono (okanye ithisisi) kufuneka ungqubane nolunye uluvo (i-antithesis) ukwenza ingcinga entsha (synthesis). Ke, ngokufunda ngokukhululekileyo asinyusi kuphela ukugxila, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokukhuthaza ukufunda; sikwadala ithuba lokucinga kwasekuqaleni.

Uqala Phi

Siqala njani ukuphucula inkqubela yokufunda kancinci nokufunda ngakumbi? Ewe, amanyathelo okuqala alula kodwa abalulekile. Kuya kufuneka siqale ngokungafundi imikhwa esempilweni yexesha lolwazi. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukulahla ikhompyuter yakho? Ukutshitshisa i-iPhone yakho? Ukucima imidiya yakho yoluntu? Ukuncama ngokufunda amanqaku akwi-Intanethi (njengale)? Hayi akunjalo. Into ekufuneka siyenzile kukuthanda ukuphucula imikhwa yethu ukuze siyenze.

Ithetha ntoni le nto? Kuthetha ukuseta imida kuwe. Kuthetha ukucima izaziso kwaye ugxile ekufunxeni okuphambi kwakho. Kuthetha ukuzivumela ixesha lokuba ubonakalise endaweni yokuqhubeka ungene kwifowuni yakho ukuze ulungise. Ithatha ukuba hayi ukungxama ukuya eziphelweni zeencwadi; hayi Ukucela umngeni wokugqiba iincwadi ezininzi kunommelwane wakho. Kuthetha ukugcina incwadana ecaleni kwakho ngelixa ufunda kwaye ubhala iingcinga zakho. Kuthetha ukuphinda ufunde izivakalisi kaninzi, uziqiqe ukuze uziqonde. Kuthetha ukukhumbula ukuba ungakubona njani ukufunda njengendlela yokukhula hayi njengomthetho oza kuqokelela kuwo.

Ayinamsebenzi ukuba ufunda kwesiphi isixhobo okanye yeyiphi imixholo okhetha ukuyifunda, kodwa xa usenza njalo, zinikele ngexesha lakho kuyo. Ungazikhathazi kangako malunga nento oyiphosayo kwaye uvumele ukulahleka ngengcinga. Ungazixhalabisi kangako malunga nokuba ufunda kangakanani, endaweni yoko utyale imali ukuba ungakanani ukufunda . Ngokwamagama kaHenry David Thoreau, iincwadi kufuneka zifundwe ngabom nangokugcinwa ngendlela ebibhalwe ngayo.

UChad Hall ngumbhali, umzobi, kunye nomcebisi wentengiso ovela kwindawo ye-San Francisco bay. Iminqweno yakhe yangoku ibandakanya ukuthumela i Vlog yemihla ngemihla kwiYouTube Ukubambisana ipodcast , kunye nokubhala inoveli yakhe yokuqala. Unokufumana ngakumbi kwi- iwebhusayithi yakhe okanye umlandele kuyo yonke imithombo yeendaba zentlalo njenge-therealchadhall.