UPablo Picasso, Inkunzi yebhokhwe , Vallauris, 1950 (cast 1952). (Ifoto: © 2015 Estate yePablo Picasso / Umbutho wamaLungelo obuGcisa (ARS), eNew York) Ngaphandle kwezona ndawo zithandwayo kunye nolwazi lwePicasso aficionados zigcinelwe ezinye izinto ezimangazayo kwiPikasso Sculpture. UMyuziyam woBugcisa beManje obusasazekayo we-blockbuster umboniso, oqhuba nge-7 kaFebruwari, 2016, ngowona mboniso ubanzi wase-US wemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaPicasso ukusukela kumboniso wango-1967 kwi-MoMA.
Kubekho iinguqu zenyikima ukusukela ngoko, kwihlabathi ngokubanzi, nakwezobugcisa. U-Picasso uhambile, kodwa igama lakhe lokufa emva kwexesha likhule ngokumangalisayo, ngakumbi kwindawo yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Lo mboniso ubalaseleyo wemisebenzi eli-140, eminye engazange yaboniswa kweli lizwe, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo iya kongeza kakhulu kwilifa lakhe.
Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, uPablo Picasso (1881-1973) kunqabile ukuba abonise imisebenzi yakhe ye-3-D. Ngokwezinye iingcali, mhlawumbi wayeziva ngathi babodwa, okanye wayengazithembi ngokubaluleka kwabo ngokumalunga nemifanekiso yakhe. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakungekho sizathu sokukhathazeka kokugqibela. Njengoko kungqinwa ngulo mboniso, ububanzi beengcinga kunye nobubanzi bemisebenzi yakhe ye-3-D iyahamba, ubuncinci, ngempumelelo yakhe eguqukayo kumdlalo wokupeyinta. Iglasi ye-Absinthe (Ngo-1914). (Ifoto: © 2015 Estate yePablo Picasso / Umbutho wamaLungelo obuGcisa (ARS), eNew York)
Emva kokubhubha kuka-Picasso eneminyaka engama-91, ifa lakhe laqala ukunikela ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kumaziko ohlukeneyo obugcisa, ikakhulu ukunceda ukuhlawula irhafu enkulu yelifa elityala urhulumente wase-France. Njengokuba uninzi lwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ekugqibeleni yafika ekubonakaleni koluntu, ubuqaqawuli obukhethekileyo kunye nobuhle obukhulu namandla kwacaca Phakathi kwabaxhamli abakhulu bezi zipho, ezihlala zilawulwa ngumhlolokazi kaPicasso, uJacqueline, yayiyiMoMA, kunye nesizwe sikazwelonke saseMusée uPicasso-Paris, ababesebenzisana kulo mboniso wangoku, beququzelelwa ngabalondolozi beMoMA uAnn Temkin noAnne Umland.
Ngelixa uPicasso ephantse akaze aboleke ngemisebenzi yakhe yobugcisa kwiigalari okanye kwiimyuziyam zomboniso, kungasathethwa ke ngokubathengisa, wayebakhathalele kakhulu. Wayezigcina kufutshane, njengezilwanyana zasekhaya. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, uninzi lweemvavanyo zakhe kubugcisa obungu-3-D zazisaziwa kakuhle kubahlobo, amagcisa, abantu asebenza nabo nabazifihlayo — abakroli uAlberto Giacometti, owayekhe wasebenza kunye noJulio González, kunye nomfoti uBrassaï phakathi kwabo — owabona imisebenzi ekhayeni likaPicasso okanye istudiyo. Iifoto zikaBrassaï zemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwisitudiyo sikaPicasso zigcwalisa enye yeemiboniso esecaleni.
Uqeqeshwe njengomzobi, kodwa uzifundise njengomdwebi, uPicasso ubonakalise imeko ethile yokulahla endle kwimisebenzi emi-3-D ethi ngamanye amaxesha ikhohlise olona vavanyo lwakhe lukhulu ekupeyinteni. Njengabaninzi abangaphakathi abakuqondayo oku kuphunyeziweyo, izinto zePicassoid kungekudala zavela kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo liqela labazobi bakhe nabahlobo. UBull, (1958). (Ifoto: © 2015 Estate yePablo Picasso / Umbutho wamaLungelo obuGcisa (ARS), eNew York)
Impembelelo yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaPicasso uyaqhubeka nokuziva ngabaculi abaninzi namhlanje, kubandakanya uJeff Koons. Ekuvulekeni komboniso, uKoons wandixelela ukuba ixesha likaPicasso elibizwa ngokuba liClassical in sculpting of the 1930's-when he created in plaster a series of imagant portraits of his then-mistress Marie-Thérèse Walter-impact to his recent series. Kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo kolu ngcelele, iiKoons zibonisa iglasi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka efakwe kwisamente emhlophe yomfanekiso, ihlala inobuqhawe okanye yentsomi, eyabiwa kumfanekiso owaziwayo wamaGrike namaRoma.
UKoons wenze ingxelo ngelixa ejonge uPicasso Intloko yomfazi, Umsebenzi owenziwe ngo-1932 kwi studio yakhe eBoisgeloup, kufutshane naseParis. Umsebenzi ungomnye wemizekelo ebambekayo kuthotho lweMarie-Thérèse. Ngaphaya nje kweenyawo ezimbini ubude, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo obonisa iimpawu zobuso zowesifazane ezincitshisiweyo zaba ziifom ezinde, ezinesimo esimile okuncinci kunye nemilo encinci, engqukuva. Ngenye yezinto ezigqwesileyo kwigalari yokubamba. Sihlalo, (1961). (Ifoto: © 2015 Estate yePablo Picasso / Umbutho wamaLungelo obuGcisa (ARS), eNew York)
Uqeqeshwe njengomzobi, kodwa uzifundise njengomdwebi, uPablo Picasso ubonakalise imeko ethile yokulahla endle kwimisebenzi emi-3-D ethi ngamanye amaxesha ikrokre ezona mvavanyo zakhe zinkulu zokupenda.
Ihlelwe ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokulandelana kwexesha, i-Picasso Sculpture ngumboniso obonakalayo omangalisayo ongenazo iilebhile zodonga zokuchonga imisebenzi, kwaye zimbalwa kuphela izicatshulwa ezichazayo zodonga ezigubungela amaxesha ahlukeneyo kwikhondo lomculi. (Nangona kunjalo, ii-curators ziyabonelela ngencwadana encinci eboniswe ngolwandiso lwamaqhekeza ngamanye, inika izihloko, imihla kunye nemvelaphi.)
Njengoko umntu ehamba ngomboniso, igalari nganye iyabetha ngakumbi kunale ilandelayo. Igumbi lokuqala linemisebenzi yokuqala kaPicasso, kubandakanya umfanekiso wodongwe Umfazi ohleli phantsi (Ngo-1902), kunye nobuso obuncinci obunobhedu Intloko I-Picador ngeMpumlo eyaphukileyo (1903). Ezi ziqwenga ziqhelekileyo zibonisa uPicasso ukufunxa kunye nokuqonda izithethe zokomfuziselo zenkulungwane ye-19 ngelixa bekwiminyaka yamashumi amabini.
Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yovavanyo yayikhuthazwa kukutyelela kwakhe rhoqo kwiimyuziyam zaseParis, engena kwiifom ezingaqondakaliyo kunye nokunyaniseka kweenkcubeko ezingezizo ezaseNtshona. Iitotems ezinyanzelekileyo zikaPicasso ngomthi ukususela ngo-1907 nango-1908 zihlala zikhumbula imifanekiso ethile kaPaul Gauguin, owayethanda umsebenzi wakhe. IVase: Umfazi (1948). (Ifoto: © 2015 Estate yePablo Picasso / Umbutho wamaLungelo obuGcisa (ARS), eNew York)
Ngokudibanisa impumelelo yakhe yaseCubist yokupeyinta, awaye wayenza ngokubambisana noGeorges Braque, uPicasso ngokuzimeleyo wavelisa imifanekiso yakhe eqingqiweyo yokuqala eqala ngo-1912. Iziqwenga eziphambili zohlobo lweCubist apha zibandakanya imizobo eludongeni Usaphila ngoGuitar (1912), kunye Guitar (Ngo-1914), kwibhodi ebhalwe ephepheni, kunye nentsimbi, ngokulandelelana, kunye nokungafane kuboniswe iiplanga ezinjengepeyinti. Umdlalo onamandla weCubist wobunzulu bendawo kwezi ziqwenga zomdlalo we-2-D yakhe.
Enye yezona mpu melelo zaziwayo kulo mboniso kukudibana kwakhona kwazo zontandathu uthotho lukaPicasso lwebronzes ezincinci ezipeyintiweyo, Iglasi ye-Absinthe , engaboniswanga kunye ukusukela ngo-1914, xa zenziwa.
Kwiibronzi, uPicasso ubonakalisa iityhubhu zeswekile-ezaziyinxalenye yesiko lokusela i-absinthe-zipeyintwe ngeendlela, ezinye zinemibala eqaqambileyo. Kwakhona okubandakanyiweyo kuyilo ngalunye licephe lokwenyani lohlobo ohlukileyo. Ngaphandle kokuncipha kwenqaku, ezintandathu Iglasi ye-Absinthe iziqwenga zenza impumelelo enkulu kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yale mihla.
Apha, uPicasso wazisa umbala kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yebronze, kwaye uxela ukuza kokuhlangana, njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Wongeze izinto ezifumanekileyo emsebenzini njengezinto ezisesikweni, ngoburharha obukhulu, nangaphandle kwesigqebelo sikaDada okanye isenzo somzimba ngokuchasene nobugcisa. Imisebenzi yobugcisa ibandakanya i-iconic INtloko yeBull (Ngo-1942), ukulahlwa kwesinyithi kwesitulo seebhayisikile kunye neempondo; kunye nenye yam endiyithandayo, Iimfene noLutsha (1951), edibanisa isinyithi sobhedu semoto yokudlala ukumela iimpawu zobuso bemfene. Kuyabonakala kuwo wonke umboniso ukuba uninzi lwezona zimvo zintsha zenziwe nguPicasso zikhule kwizinto aziphinda azenze njengeethoyi zabantwana bakhe zokudlala.
Mhlawumbi esona sithuba sichwayitisayo sinikezelwe kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yentsimbi eyenziweyo phakathi kowe-1954 nowe-1964, equlathe iipali zentsimbi ezipeyintiweyo, uninzi lwazo lwalenzelwe ukuba lusebenze kwimisebenzi yoluntu emikhulu, enjengomtsalane wesinyithi esithandekayo. USylvette (1954), unikezelo lwentelekelelo yemodeli oyithandayo yePicasso yee-1950s. Lo msebenzi ekugqibeleni waguqulwa waba sisikhumbuzo sekhonkrithi, enye yeendlela ezininzi uPicasso asebenzisana ngazo nomculi waseNorway uCarl Nesjar. Isiqwenga safakwa ngo-1968 kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York Village / Silver Towers, apho simi khona namhlanje.
Ngelixa imisebenzi emininzi kwiPikasso eqingqiweyo inokubaluleka kwembali, umboniso ubonelela ngento engaphaya kokubuyela umva ngokufanelekileyo. Umboniso ubonakala udlamkile kwaye ungowomzuzu kuba, phakathi kwezinto ezinokubangela umdla kunye neengcinga zomfanekiso oqingqiweyo uPicasso awucebisayo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, uninzi luseza kuvavanywa kwaye luzalisekiswe. Ukungabikho, uPicasso umema ngobubele okanye ucelomngeni amagcisa amancinci ukuba enze njalo.
