UKathy Griffin.UFrederick M. Brown / imifanekiso kaFetty Umfanekiso wehlaya uKathy Griffin ephethe intloko enegazi efana nekaMongameli Trump ngokuqinisekileyo yayicaphukisa, kodwa yayingekho mthethweni. Ukwenza amatyala, abatshutshisi kuya kufuneka babonise ukuba uGriffin uzimisele ukwenzakalisa umongameli, hayi nje ukwenza ingxelo yezopolitiko.
UGriffin sele exolisile ngefoto enempikiswano, evuma ukuba iwele umgca. Nangona kunjalo, uxolo aluzange luthule ikhwelo lokuba umntu ohlekisayo ajongane nezityholo ngaphezulu komqobo. Inkonzo eyimfihlo nayo ikwamkele ukuba iyaphanda ngesi sehlo.
Intetho ehlaselayo phantsi koLungiso lokuQala
Owona msebenzi uphambili we Uhlengahlengiso Lokuqala Kukukhusela intetho abaninzi abanokuyifumana ikhubekisa kwaye ke bafuna ukuyicinezela. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2011, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States yaxhasa ilungelo leCawa yaseWestboro Baptist yokuqhankqalaza umngcwabo wasemkhosini onempawu ezithiye abantu abathandana besisini esinye.
Njengalo lonke ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, inkululeko yokuthetha inayo imida. Iindidi zentetho ngokwesintu ezingafumanekiyo kukhuseleko zibandakanya amagama alwa ngenjongo yokukhuthaza isenzo esingekho mthethweni, amanyala, iphonografi yabantwana kunye nentetho egxekayo.
Kwisigqibo sika-1992, I-R.A.V. v. Isixeko saseSt , iNkundla Ephakamileyo yathetha intetho enentiyo. Ukuphendula ukutshiswa komnqamlezo phambi kweyadi yosapho olumnyama, abenzi bobubi babekwa ityala phantsi kweSt. Paul, Minn., Umthetho owaphula umthetho ubuhlanga. INkundla Ephakamileyo yawutshitshisa lo mthetho njengophula iSilungiso Sokuqala.
Xa echaza ukuba kutheni intetho yentiyo ikhuselwe ngokubanzi phantsi koLungiso lokuQala kwaye ingaqwalaselwa njengamazwi okulwa, iJaji u-Antonin Scalia ubhale wathi: Isizathu sokuba amagama alwayo abekwe ecaleni kukhuseleko loLungiso lokuQala ayikuko ukuba umxholo wabo unxibelelana nolunye uluvo, kodwa oko Umxholo wabo ubandakanya indlela enganyamezelekiyo (kunye noluntu ngokungeyomfuneko) yokubonisa nayiphi na imbono isithethi esifuna ukuyidlulisa.
Intetho enenzondo nxamnye nomongameli
UTrump akanguye umongameli wokuqala ukujongana nezwi, kwaye nokuba nobundlobongela, ukugxekwa. Ekuphakameni kwemfazwe yaseVietnam, uRobert Watts wagwetywa ngokusongela umongameli ngokuphula umthetho womthetho. UWatts wathetha kwirali yezopolitiko ukuba, ukuba uthe wanyanzelwa wangena emkhosini (awathembisa ukuba ngekhe uphinde uvele) kwaye enze umpu, indoda yokuqala endifuna ukuyibona nguLBJJ.
Phantsi kwesihloko se-18 se-US Code, iCandelo lama-871, [i] t akukho semthethweni ngokuthumela ngabom okanye ngokwenza ngabom okanye ukwenza nasiphi na isoyikiso sokubulala, sokuxhwila, okanye ukwenzakalisa umongameli wase-United States. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iNkundla ePhakamileyo yacacisa kwisigqibo sayo se-1969 kwi Watts v. United States , kukho umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kwentetho enentiyo kunye nesoyikiso esisemthethweni.
Inkundla ibambe ingxelo kaWatts njengesibaxo esingaxutywanga kwezopolitiko ethe ngenxa yemeko yayo kunye nemeko yoxhomekeko ayibanga sisongelo sokwazi nangabom ngokuchasene nomongameli ngaphakathi kwe-18 U.S.C. 871 (a).
Inkundla ivumile ukuba isizwe ngokuqinisekileyo sinomdla osemthethweni, nokuba mkhulu, wokukhusela ukhuseleko lwesigqeba saso kunye nokumvumela ukuba enze imisebenzi yakhe ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa bubundlobongela. Nangona kunjalo, ikwaqwalasele ukuba ingxoxo-mpikiswano ngemicimbi yoluntu kufuneka ingathintelwa, yomelele, kwaye ivuleke ngokubanzi, kwaye inokuthi ibandakanye ukuqina, ukubulala, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlaselwa okungathandekiyo kurhulumente nakumagosa aseburhulumenteni.
Ngale nto engqondweni, inkundla yaqiqa ngelithi:
Ummiselo onje ngulo, owenza ulwaphulo-mthetho lube luhlobo lwentetho emsulwa, kufuneka utolikwe kunye nemiyalelo yoLungiso lokuQala ngokucacileyo engqondweni. Yintoni isoyikiso ekufuneka yahlulwe kuleyo ikhuselwa ngumgaqo-siseko.
Ngokuhambelana, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yavumelana noWatts ukuba ekuphela kwetyala lakhe yayiloluhlobo lwendlela ekrwada kakhulu yokuchaza inkcaso kwezopolitiko kumongameli. Kukwanokuthethwa njalo ngoKathy Griffin, onentiyo ngoTrump akufuneki adidaniswe nesoyikiso esisemthethweni kukhuseleko lwakhe.
UDonald Scarinci uliqabane elilawulayo eLyndhurst, e-NJ-based firm firm UScaren Hollenbeck . Ukwangumhleli wefayile ye- Ingxelo yoMgaqo-siseko kwaye URhulumente noMthetho iibhlog.
