I-Astronaut Buzz Aldrin ithulela umnqwazi iflegi yase-US ebusweni benyanga ngexesha le-Apollo 11 yokuthunywa kwenyanga ngoJulayi 20, 1969.I-NASA / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty Njengoko sisondela kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 yokufika kwenyanga e-US, asizukukhumbula nje kuphela enye yezona mpumelelo zinkulu zoluntu, kodwa sibuye sizibuze ukuba siza kubuya nini kwakhona, okanye siye ngaphaya kwenyanga ukuya eMars, kwaye mhlawumbi ngokuqhubekayo emajukujukwini.
Umongameli uDonald Trump ubonakalisile ukuba unomdla omkhulu wokuphinda aqalise inkqubo yendawo yaseMelika, kwaye afikelele kwezo njongo. Kodwa ke bekunjalo nakwezopolitiko ze-1950s kunye nee-1960s, kwaye bajongene nengxaki efanayo yokubonakala ngathi ayinakoyiswa.
Nazi izifundo ezininzi anokuzifumana uTrump komnye wabaphambili bakhe: UMongameli John F. Kennedy.
Nika abantu baseMelika ngesizathu esihle sokuhamba
Le mbono yoMhlaba inyuka ngaphezulu kweNyanga ithathwe kwisiphekepheke iApollo 11.I-NASA Yikholwa okanye ungakholelwa, xa uKennedy wayese-Senate, wayengekho pro-space njengoko umntu unokucinga. Yonke loo nto yatshintsha xa iSputnik yasungulwa. Ngokukhawuleza, i-senator yase-Massachusetts iqhubeke nohlaselo, ixhalabile ukuba oku kungakhokelela kwi umsantsa wemijukujelwa notshaba lwethu, iSoviet Union. Ukungaphumeleli kwendawo yethu ngee-1950s kwabekwa ngokuchasene nobuKomanisi uRichard Nixon ekuzikhuseleni, enceda i-JFK ukuba iphumelele u-1960.
Njengoko utshilo kumkhankaso wephulo: Ndicwangcise iphulo lam lobumongameli ngengcinga enye yokuba abantu baseMelika abonwabanga kukuhamba ngoku kwinqanaba lethu lesizwe, ukuba bayaphazanyiswa kukwehla kobungqongqo nodumo lwethu, kwaye intando kunye namandla okuqala i-United States ihambe kwakhona.
Ukuba uDonald Trump ufuna ukuba ilizwe linikwe amandla ngokubuyela emajukujukwini, ngemida ebanzi, kufanele ukuba afumane ingqiqo eqinileyo. Kwakungaphezulu nje kokubaluleka kokuqala ukuba ne-JFK kunye namaMelika kuma-1960. Yayiqinisekisa uxolo nonqabiseko. Ukutsho nje, sifuna ukubetha i-China ne-Russia endaweni yodwa akunakusebenza. UKennedy wakwazi ukubopha indawo kwisizukulwana esitsha sezixhobo ezilungele ukubetha amaMelika ngendlela amaNazi afafaza ngayo iLondon ngeerokethi zeV2. UTrump kufuneka enze inkxalabo kunye nemfuno ebonakalayo.
Mhlawumbi uloyiko lotshaba lwangaphandle alunakwenza iqhinga ngeli xesha. Inkxalabo ethe kratya isenokuba ligunya esilifunayo ukuze sifike apho. Ukuthembisa ukuba umdyarho oya enyangeni naseMars uza kutyhila inguquko yamandla, ukubonelela ngamafutha afikelelekayo kwikamva, kuya kubakhuthaza abantu baseMelika, bexhalabile ukuba imithombo yethu engavuselelekiyo ayisayi kuhlala ikwazi ukubonelela uqoqosho lwaseMelika ngejusi eyifunayo. Kwaye ndiyabona uTrump esiya emva kwenyathelo elinje.
Igama elikhulu kwizicwangciso ezinkulu
Lo mfanekiso ubonakalisa isithuthi sikaSaturn V (SA-506) sokwenyuka kwe-Apollo 11 ngo-8: 32 ekuseni nge-CDT, nge-16 kaJulayi ngo-1969, ukusungulwa kwe-39A e-Kennedy Space Centre.I-NASA Kuyo yonke imbali yaseMelika, abanye oomongameli baye bakwazi ukuhlanganisa uninzi lwabo ngeelebhile esebenzayo enokuthi ifake umbono wabo kunye neenkqubo ezininzi ezixhumeneyo. Ukusuka kuWilliam McKinley's Full Dinner Pail kunye noTeddy Roosevelt's Square Deal kuFranklin D. Roosevelt's Deal New kunye noHarry Truman's Deal Fair, aba mongameli bakwazile ukufezekisa okungaphezulu, masithi, uGrover Cleveland, uCalvin Coolidge, uGeorge HW Bush okanye uGerald Ford, ngubani isenokuba ngamadoda alungileyo kodwa asilela ukubanako ukuhambisa izimvo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yabo kubantu baseMelika.
UJohn F. Kennedy wayenelinye yeelebheli eziphumelele kakhulu embalini, iNew Frontier, engagcini ngokusonga umbono wakhe wendawo, kodwa inokusetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa kunye nokunxulumana nemilinganiselo yaseMelika yamathuba, ukuthatha umngcipheko, ukuthatha nzima ukusebenza, ukuzincama, ukuzingca ngempumelelo kunye nethuba lembuyekezo yokufezekiswa okunje (ukusuka ekubambeni umda ngokuzimisela okunamandla kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni).
NjengoKennedy Yatsho ngoJulayi 15, 1960 : Kodwa uMda oMtsha endithetha ngawo awusosi sethembiso-siseti yemiceli mngeni. Ayishwankatheli into endizimisele ukuyinika abantu baseMelika, kodwa endizimisele ukukubuza yona. Ibhenela kwikratshi labo, hayi kwincwadi yabo epokothweni-ibambelela kwisithembiso sokuzincama okungakumbi kunokhuseleko.
UTrump kufuneka ahambise eli khonkco lokucinga okungabonakaliyo kunye namanyathelo ekhonkrithi ukufezekisa iinjongo zakhe zesithuba. Into efana neKamva leVenture okanye iMishini yangoku iya kwenza igama elihle. Iinkqubo zayo ziya kugxila kumandla okufika apho, umgaqo-nkqubo wokubamba kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi lwenzululwazi kunye nezifundo eziphuhliswe kwinkqubo, kwaye mhlawumbi isicwangciso sokwenza ulwabelwano lwabucala noluntu ngokubanzi olunokuthi lusetyenziswe kwamanye amacandelo amaninzi: ezomkhosi, ezoqoqosho, iziseko zophuhliso nezopolitiko, ezihambelana nenkxaso yaseMelika kumashishini asimahla kunye nemfuno yorhulumente ophendulayo.
Inqwelomoya enjalo kufuneka ikhokelwe yeyona nto yethu ibalaseleyo
Amagosa e-NASA kunye ne-Manned Spacecraft Centre (MSC) ajoyine abalawuli beenqwelomoya ukubhiyozela ukugqitywa ngempumelelo kwe-Apollo 11 yokufika kwenyanga kwiZiko loLawulo lweMishini.I-NASA UMongameli uDwight D. Eisenhower wayengenguye umlandeli wesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakayo. Uninzi lwabacebisi bakaKennedy babephikisana nalo. La maqela athi siza kufunda okuninzi kwiinqwelomoya esithubeni, ezinokufikelela enyangeni, siqokelele idatha. Kodwa inani lexesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo wokugcina usomajukujuku esaphila emajukujukwini kuyakususa kwi-mission, kwaye iindleko ezenzakalisayo ezinokubakho kwimizamo yethu eyingozi ayinakulunga naziphi na izibonelelo ezinokubakho, baxoxa.
UMongameli uKennedy akavumelani. Wayifumana la ndoda yayiyeyona khompyutha ibalaseleyo kuzo zonke… [isigwebo] sayo, imithambo-luvo, kunye… [nesakhono] sokufunda kumava sisamenza ukuba abonakale.
Oosomajukujuku abanjalo baya kuba ngamagorha, njengoko bekuya kuba ziingcali zolawulo lweemishini, izazinzulu nabo bonke abantu kurhulumente kunye / okanye kwicandelo labucala elibabeka apho. Kufuneka sisebenzise konke okusemandleni ethu, kwaye singagwebi ukuba ngoobani abo bantu ngokwesini, ubuhlanga, ubuhlanga okanye nantoni na malunga nokuba ngoobani na abantu, sigxile koko banokukwenza.
Lixesha lokuseta injongo ebonakalayo
Iqela le-Apollo 11 lishiya iZiko eliKhulu leKennedy leZiko eliSebenzayo lokuSebenza ngexesha lokubala ngaphambi kokumiliselwa.I-NASA Ndiyakholelwa ukuba olu hlanga kufuneka luzibophelele ekufezekiseni injongo, phambi kokuba le minyaka ilishumi iphume, yokubeka umntu enyangeni kwaye ambuyisele emhlabeni ekhuselekile, UKennedy uxelele iCongress ngoMeyi 25, 1961 .
UKennedy wenze inqaku lokuseta umhla ekujoliswe kuwo, kodwa lowo unokufezekiseka. Njengoko abo bakwinkqubo yasemajukujukwini beyibonisile, bekufanele ukuba ibe lixesha elithile lezinto ezilindelweyo (amashumi aliqela eminyaka ingade ibe lide kakhulu), kodwa inyaniseke ngokwaneleyo ukuze ixesha elingenakufezekiswa lingakhokeleli kugxekwa oluya kuyomisa inkxaso yoluntu. Isithembiso sikaMongameli uGeorge W. Bush sokuya enyangeni naseMars kwiminyaka yoo-2000, ethe yawa phantsi, ayizange ixhaswe ngokunzulu, nditsho nangumongameli ngokwakhe.
Injongo kaKennedy igcinwe engqondweni ukuba angangabikho eofisini xa isiganeko senzekile ekugqibeleni. Ukanti ungumongameli wase-U.S. Uninzi olunxulunyaniswa nokufika kwenyanga, hayi i-Eisenhower, uJohnson okanye uNixon. UTrump kufanele ayiqonde into yokuba uMars uya kuba nakho ukufikelela ngo-2024, ethintela ummangaliso, kodwa ezinye iinjongo zinokufezekiswa, okanye zibekwe, ngaphakathi komhla owonelisayo.
Izibonelelo zokoyisa uMceli mngeni omkhulu
I-Astronaut Buzz Aldrin ihamba ngaphezulu kwenyanga kufutshane nomlenze womodyuli wenyanga Ukhozi ngexesha lomsebenzi we-Apollo 11. Umphathi wezomishini uNeil Armstrong uthathe lo mfanekiso ngekhamera engaphezulu yenyanga engama-70mm.I-NASA Iya kuba ngumceli mngeni kumongameli wethu. Kodwa uKennedy wayesazi ukuba kuya kufana nexesha lakhe, njengoko watshoyo le ngxoxo kwisihlwele saseHouston eRice Stadium: Kodwa kutheni, abanye besithi, inyanga? Kutheni ukhetha le njongo yethu? Kwaye basenokubuza ukuba kutheni le nto unyuka intaba ephezulu. Kutheni, kwiminyaka engama-35 eyadlulayo, ibhabha iAtlantic? Kutheni irayisi idlala iTexas? Sikhetha ukuya enyangeni. Sikhetha ukuya enyangeni kule minyaka ilishumi kwaye sizenze ezinye izinto, hayi kuba zilula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zinzima, kuba loo njongo iyakusebenza ekuququzeleleni nasekulinganiseni onke amandla nezakhono zethu, kuba olo celomngeni lolunye ukuba sikulungele ukwamkela, enye asizimisele ukuyihlehlisa, kwaye enye esizimisele ukuyiphumelela.
Makhe sibone ukuba uTrump angasiphumelela na isithuba e-US, ngendlela i-JFK eyenze ngayo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo.
UJohn A. Tures nguprofesa wesayensi yezopolitiko kwiKholeji yaseLaGrange eLaGrange, eGeorgia-funda ibali lakhe elipheleleyo apha.
