Eyona Impilo Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-Delta-8 kunye ne-Delta-9 THC?

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-Delta-8 kunye ne-Delta-9 THC?

Yeyiphi Imovie Ukubona?
 

I-Cannabis sisityalo esintsonkothileyo esinexabiso elingenasiphelo leempawu ezizodwa. Ukusuka kwi-THC ukuya kwi-CBD, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwee-cannabinoids kunye ne-terpenes ezinokukuchaphazela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuzibandakanya kwiimveliso zentsangu ngenxa yonyango okanye nokuba kukuzonwabisa nje, kubalulekile ukwazi ukungena nokuphuma kwesityalo kunye neepropathi.

I-Delta-9 THC yipropathi ye-cannabis eyafunyanwa yonke indlela ngo-1964. Le yipropathi enxulunyaniswa nezinye iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ze-cannabis ezinje ngokuthakazelisa, ukuthomalalisa, ukuphumla, ukuhleka, ukukhubazeka kwememori kunye nendlala. Ke yintoni iDelta-8 THC? I-Delta-8 yinto encinci eyaziwa njenge-cannabinoid, kodwa ayibalulekanga kangako ukuba uyiqonde. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-Delta-8 THC kunye ne-Delta-9 THC kukuba i-Delta-8 ayisebenzi kancinci kune-Delta-9. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso ezine-Delta-8 THC zinokuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ngenxa yoko kuyanelisa ngakumbi, kumthengi.

Ngaphezulu kwe-100 i-Cannabinoids efumanekayo ukuzahlula, kutheni i-Delta-8?

Kutheni uphuma kwindlela yakho ukufumana iimveliso ngeDelta-8 THC? Ewe, kukho izizathu ezimbalwa. Kubaqalayo, izifundo ezithile zibonise inani lezibonelelo zezempilo ze-Delta-8. Masingene phakathi.

1. Umsebenzi we-Antineoplastic we-Cannabinoids

Oku ukufunda epapashwe yiJenali yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe ifumene iziphumo ezimbalwa ezinomdla ngokusetyenziswa kweDelta-8, konke oku kuchaze kakhulu iimpawu zayo eziluncedo:

  • Ukutya ngomlomo kwe-Delta-8 THC kuthintele ukukhula kwethumba emiphungeni.
  • Xa kulinganiswa iintsuku ezili-12 emva kokufakwa kwesisu, zonke iidosi (50-400 mg / kg) ze-Delta-8-THC zithintele ukukhula kwethumba eliphambili phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-60%.
  • Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimpuku eziphathwe nge-50, 200, kunye ne-400 mg / kg ye-delta-8-THC yayinobude obude be-22.6, 24.6, kunye ne-27.2% ngokwahlukeneyo.
  • Iimpuku ziphathwe ngeentsuku ezingama-20 zilandelelana nge-delta-8-THC kunye ne-CBN zinciphise ubungakanani be-tumor yokuqala.
  • Uvavanyo lomongo wethambo kunye neeseli zemiphunga ezizodwa zikaLewis ezifakwe kwi-vitro ene-Delta-8-THC ibonakalise ukuxhomekeka kwidosi (10 -4 10 -7) inhibition (80-20%, ngokwahlukeneyo) ye-thymidine kunye ne-14C -uridine iiseli.

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-Delta-8 THC kunye nokuncitshiswa kwezidumbu ezinomhlaza. Ngokwendlela olu phononongo lunokuba nefuthe ngayo kumsebenzisi we-cannabis oqhelekileyo, jonga ukuba ezi ziphumo zinceda ekuqinisekiseni izibonelelo zempilo ze-Delta-8 xa iyonke njenge-cannabinoid eya kwenza okuhle ngakumbi kunokwenzakalisa imisebenzi yomzimba wakho.

2. Intsha esebenzayo eyiCannabinoid Antiemetic kwiPediatric Oncology

Oku ukufunda ipapashwe kwi IiSayensi zoBomi Ukuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwe-Delta-8 njenge-antiemetic kunyango lwe-oncology yabantwana kwaye bafumana iziphumo ezininzi ezithembisayo:

  • I-Delta-8 THC ineempawu ze-antiemetic ezanceda ukuthintela ukugabha.
  • Ngonyango lwe-480 Delta-8 THC, unyango oluqala iiyure ezimbini ngaphambi konyango ngalunye lwe-antineoplastic kwaye luqhubeka rhoqo emva kweeyure ezingama-6 iiyure ezingama-24, ukugabha kuthintelwe kwaphela.

Kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kolu phononongo, i-Delta-8 THC ibonwe ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukugabha kulandela unyango lwe-chemotherapy. Olu luphawu oluqinisekileyo lokufumana izibonelelo zempilo zeDelta-8, nkqu nakwabo banokuba nesifo esinganyangekiyo.

3. Delta-8 THC Studies: Uncwadi ngeZiko lezeMpilo leSizwe

Kwi le Uncwadi olufunyenwe kwiZiko lezeMpilo leSizwe, uninzi lweempawu eziluncedo zidityaniswe ne-Delta-8 THC:

  • I-Delta-8 i-THC ayinamandla angaphantsi kune-Delta-9, kodwa kuye kwafunyanwa kukhuthaza umdla ngakumbi.
  • I-Delta-8 THC inciphisa uxinzelelo oluncinci kune-Delta-9.
  • I-Delta-8 THC inokuba nokufikelela kwi-200% ngakumbi njenge-antiemetic kune-Delta-9.

Ngokusisiseko, olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba i-Delta-8 THC inokubangela ukuba uxhalabise okanye ube yiparanoid ephezulu kunomyinge wakho we-THC, eziziindaba ezimnandi kumsebenzisi we-cannabis oqhelekileyo. Ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwezempilo, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba i-Delta-8 THC isetyenziswe kunyango njenge-antiemetic, ukuthintela isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha kwabo baneengxaki ezinjalo.

4. I-Delta-8 THC kunye nokunyuka kokutya

Oku Inqaku elifunyenwe kwi-PubMed linike isifundo esifumene unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-Delta-8 THC kunye nokusetyenziswa kokutya, ukusebenza kwengqondo, kunye nee-neurotransmitters:

  • Iimpuku zondliwa nge-2.5 h ngemini ye-9 okanye yeentsuku ze-50, kwishedyuli yemihla ye-9, iimpuku eziphathwe nge-THC zabonisa ukonyuka kwe-16% kukutya xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo.
  • I-Delta-8 THC ibangele ukwanda komsebenzi kwiimpuku.
  • Umsebenzi wokuqonda ubonise imeko yokuphucula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Delta-8 THC.
  • Ngokubanzi i-Delta-8 THC ibangele ukonyuka kokutya kunye notyekelo lokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, ngaphandle kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-cannabimimetic. Ke ngoko, idosi ephantsi ye-THC inokuqwalaselwa njengonyango olunokubakho kunyango lokuphazamiseka kubunzima.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Delta-8 kolu phando kubonise izibonelelo ze-cannabinoid njengonyango lokuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nemisebenzi yokuqonda. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-Delta-8 THC inokunceda ngokulahleka kwesidlo kunye nemisebenzi ye-metabolic kunye nokucaca kwengqondo.

5. Amandla eDelta-8

Kwi le inqaku elipapashwe ngu I-Clinical Pharmacology kunye neTherapeutics, abaphandi bafumanise:

  • I-Delta-8 ineziphumo ezifanayo kumzimba womntu njenge-Delta-9, kodwa amandla ayo alinganayo yi-2: 3.

Oku kukuqinisekisa kwakhona oko sele sifunde, ukuba i-Delta-8 iyasebenza, kodwa i-cannabinoid epholileyo kwaye ingenamandla kune-Delta-9.

Ngamafutshane, ngezi zifundo, sinokubona ukuba i-Delta-8 THC ayinakunceda kuphela kwintloko ecace gca kwaye ingabi noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kodwa inokunceda ngentlungu kunye nokudumba, ukuvuselela umdla wokutya, ukuthintela isicaphucaphu, kunye nokwenza nje ukongeza indlela yokuphila esempilweni. Izibonelelo zonyango ze-Delta-8 ziyenza ipropathi ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-cannabis.

Ulwazi olubaluleke ngakumbi kwi-Delta-8 THC:

I-cannabis sisityalo esikhula ngokwendalo kwaye silinywe ngokukhuselekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Isityalo ngasinye se-cannabis senziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cannabinoids, izinto zeekhemikhali ezibandakanya ii-receptors zomzimba wethu. Ezi iinnabinoids zizizathu zokuba siziva sisemphefumlweni nasemphefumlweni ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-cannabis. I-Delta-8 i-THC yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezinee-cannabinoids ezifumaneka ekwakhiweni kwesityalo se-cannabis. Nangona kunjalo, i-Delta-8 yinto enqabileyo ye-cannabinoid kune-Delt-9, ke kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuyifumana.

Uninzi lweentyatyambo ezomisiweyo ze-cannabis ziya kwenziwa zingaphantsi kwe-1% Delta-8. Abo bakwishishini le-Delta-8 bayazi ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuvelisa isixa esikhulu sale cannabinoid kukukhupha, ukubekwa bucala, ukuguqula, nokucokisa intyatyambo ye-cannabis eyomileyo. I-distillate ye-cannabis inokuba neepesenti ezinkulu kakhulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99%) ye-Delta-8. Umzekelo, le Isicoci se-cannabis esisekwe eWashington senza i-distillate ebizwa ngokuba yi-AquaTek Delta-8 THC kwaye ine-58% Delta-8 THC, 7.9% Delta-9 THC, kunye ne-0.35% CBD. Ngethamsanqa, i-Delta-8 inokukhutshwa nakoluphi uhlobo lwesityalo se-cannabis, zombini i-Sativa kunye ne-Indica strains, enceda ngokufikeleleka kwayo.

Zenziwa njani iimveliso ze-Delta-8?

Ukuvelisa i-Delta-8 THC kuqala ngesityalo se-cannabis. Umgangatho ophezulu we-cannabis okhule kumhlaba otyebileyo, osemgangathweni uya kuyenzela eyona Delta-8 esemgangathweni. Ezi zihluma ziya kuvunwa, zomiswe, zinyange kwaye zichetywe. I-cannabis nganye iya kuba ne-cannabinoids ezininzi ukongeza kwi-Delta-8, kubandakanya i-Delta-9 kunye ne-CBD. Ukujolisa kwi-cannabinoid eyodwa, umenzi uya kudlula kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa, ukubekwa ecaleni, kunye nokudityaniswa. Abanye abenzi baya kuqala ngokwaphula intyatyambo ngenkqubo yokuhluzwa kwezahlulo. Ukubekwa ecaleni kwe-Delta-8 kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukwahluka kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ngexesha lokucoca ulwelo. Le yinkqubo eya kudala i-distillate enokucokiswa ngokwaneleyo ukuba yenziwe i-99% ye-Delta-8, okanye ngaphantsi ukuba unqwenela njalo.

Abanye abavelisi basebenzisa inkqubo ye-isomerization enokunceda ukuguqula i-CBD kunye ne-CBG ibe yi-Delta-8 THC. Isomerization yinkqubo yemichiza apho imolekyuli iguqulwa yenziwa isomerom enobume obahlukileyo bemichiza, yindlela yokutshintsha kwe-CBD ukuya kwi-Delta-8 enokwenzeka.

Yintoni abafanele bayazi abathengi malunga ne-Delta-8 THC? Zeziphi iintlobo zeemveliso zeDelta-8 ezikhoyo?

Ngezibonelelo zezempilo engqondweni, xa uthenga iimveliso ze-cannabis kukulungele ukuqala ukukhangela iimveliso ezibandakanya i-Delta-8. Njengazo zonke iipropathi ze-cannabis, i-terpenes, kunye ne-cannabinoids, awunakuqiniseka ukuba imveliso iqulethe i-Delta-8 ngaphandle kokuba ibhalwe ngokucacileyo nangokucacileyo. Nazi ezinye zeefom apho i-Delta-8 inokuthengiswa khona:

  • Iimpawu zeDelta-8
  • Iimveliso ze-CBD ze-Delta-8
  • Delta-8 Amafutha
  • Delta-8 Wax
  • Delta-8 Vape Ijusi
  • I-Delta-8 yeoyile ye-CBD
  • I-Delta-8 Creams kunye neeLotions
  • Delta-8 Tinctures

Loluphi uhlobo lwemveliso oyithengayo ubukhulu becala exhomekeke ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lokutya i-cannabis oluhlala lusebenza ngcono kuwe, ke jonga into ekusebenzele yona ngaphambili kunye nezinye iintlobo okanye iintlobo zentsangu. Ukuba ungumqali, zama ukuqala ngemveliso elula enedosi ephantsi ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngakumbi kwi-Delta-8.

Uthini umgangatho osisiseko ocetyiswayo weDelta-8 THC?

Umthamo ophakanyisiweyo we-Delta-8 THC unokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwaye uxhomekeke kuhlobo lomsebenzisi olulo. Ngaba umtsha kwi-cannabis kwaye awuzange uzame naluphi na uhlobo lwe-cannabis ngaphambili? Okanye kudala usebenzisa i-cannabis? Ngaba ungumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo, wokuzonwabisa we-cannabis? Okanye ngaba usebenzisa i-cannabis ikakhulu kwezonyango nakwezempilo? Mhlawumbi ukhe wathatha iimveliso ze-CBD ngaphambili kwaye uyazibuza ukuba ingaba idosi efanayo iyasebenza na?

Cinga yonke le mibuzo ngaphambi kokuba uthenge imveliso yokuqala oyibonayo. Ngeemveliso ze-Delta-8, unokufuna ukujonga idosi eyahlukileyo kunaleyo unokuyifuna ngeemveliso ze-CBD, kuba zinemiphumo eyahlukileyo kwaye i-Delta-8 ihlala ithe chatha ngengqondo kune-CBD. Kukwakho amanani amabini oya kufuna ukuwajonga: isixa semiligram kunye nomthamo.

  • Amandla emiligram abhekisa kwisixa se-Delta-8 kwifomula xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto.
  • Umthamo bubungakanani obuthathayo ngedosi nganye.

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomsebenzisi olikho, jonga le tshathi imfutshane njengesikhokelo sokuthatha isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi idosi ekulungeleyo:

  • UMQALISI USER (unyamezelo oluphantsi okanye olungaziwayo): 5mg-15mg ngokusetyenziswa
  • UMSEBENZI OPHAKATHI (ukunyamezela okuphakathi, umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo): 15mg-45mg ngokusetyenziswa
  • UMSEBENZI OPHAKAMILEYO (ukunyamezelana okuphezulu, umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo): 45mg-150mg + ngokusetyenziswa

Ungayifumana phi i-Delta-8 THC?

Ifumaneka phi i-Delta-8? Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuba ujonge kufutshane ukuze uqiniseke ukuba imveliso oyithengayo ithi ngokucacileyo ukuba iqulethe iDelta-8. I-Flora CBD yenza i-Delta-8 CBD gummy elungileyo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzisi we-cannabis-onamava okanye oqalayo. Ukuba usaqala kuhambo lwakho lwe-Delta-8, nazi ezinye iinkcukacha kwi-Flora CBD's Delta-8 Gummies ukujonga:

Iintyatyambo ze-CBD Delta-8 CBD Gummies

  • I-Flora CBD's I-Delta-8 Gummies ye-CBD zii-300-mg kunye nama-30 count ngekhonteyina nganye.
  • I-gummy nganye ine-10-mg ye-Delta-8.
  • Ziyilelwe ukukhuthaza ingqondo yakho kunye nokubonelela ngokuzola okunzulu ngaphandle koxinzelelo oluhlala lukhona kunye nezinye iimveliso ezityiwayo.
  • Bangena kwiincasa ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya ivatala, iblueberry kunye nemango.
  • Ingxelo yelebhu yazo zonke iimveliso zeFlora CBD iyafumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yazo.
  • Izithako zibandakanya: Iincasa zendalo kunye nezendalo, ioyile ye-hemp ye-organic, i-100% yeoyile yekhokhonathi ye-MCT, kunye nokukhutshelwa okupheleleyo kwe-hemp.
  • Ukusebenza okucetyiswayo sisiqwenga esinye, ungagqithi kwizicucu ezine rhoqo kwiiyure ezintandathu.
  • Imveliso ifumene uphononongo lweenkwenkwezi ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5 kubasebenzisi.

Ezi gummies lelona dosi lilungileyo lokucofa uzolile, iipropathi zoxinzelelo lweDelta-8 yonke ngelixa uphepha naluphi na uxinzelelo oluhlala lukhona kwezinye iindlela zentsangu.

Ngaba iDelta-8 isemthethweni?

I-Delta-8 THC ithandwa kakhulu eMelika, nangona ifumana umkhondo eCanada nakwamanye amazwe. I-Delta-8 THC yi-cannabis, kwaye ke ngoko inamathela ikakhulu kwimithetho ethile yentsangu yelizwe. E-US, le mithetho isetyenziswa ngurhulumente. I-16 ithi e-US ikusemthethweni ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinye ngokuzonwabisa, ezinye kwezonyango, ezinye zombini. Oku kubandakanya iColorado, South Dakota, Montana, Arizona, Vermont, New Jersey, Illinois, Michigan, Nevada, Maine, California, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Massachusetts, kunye ne-District of Columbia. ECanada, i-cannabis isemthethweni kwezolonwabo kunye nonyango kwilizwe liphela.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-Delta-8 yinto encinci ye-cannabinoid kune-Delta-9, i-THC exhaphake kakhulu efumaneka kwentsangu, imigaqo ayicacanga ncam xa kuziwa kwezomthetho. Iimveliso ze-hemp aziyonto ilawulwayo kwaye zinokuhanjiswa ngokukhululekileyo nangokomthetho. Kodwa xa i-Delta-8 THC yenziwe kwi-hemp-derived CBD (endaweni yokuba ikhutshwe ngqo kwisityalo se-hemp), iyahlelwa njengezinto ezilawulwayo phantsi komthetho womanyano. Ke iimveliso zeDelta-8 zixhaphake kakhulu kudidi olunye olusemthethweni njengeemveliso ze-CBD. Ke ngoko umngcipheko umi kuleyo Delta-8 THC yahlulwe njengezinto ezingekho mthethweni ezilawulwa phantsi komthetho womdibaniso, kungathathelwa ingqalelo kuphela njengezomthetho kumazwe athe asemthethweni ekusetyenzisweni kwentsangu.

Ngaba ukhona umahluko phakathi kwe-Delta-8 kunye ne-CBD?

Zombini i-CBD kunye ne-Delta-8 azinamandla kangako njenge-Delta-9 THC, kwaye njengoko sifundile iimveliso ezininzi zinokuqulatha zombini i-CBD kunye ne-Delta-8. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kwahlulwa phakathi kwe-Delta-8 kunye ne-CBD:

IDelta-8 THC

  • Ukusebenza kwengqondo
  • Ukugxininiswa okuphantsi kwisityalo ngasinye se-cannabis
  • Amandla asezantsi
  • Isetyenziswe kumayeza kunye nokuzonwabisa
  • Izibophelelo kwii-receptors ze-CB1 kunye nokunxulumene ne-CB2 receptors

CBD

  • Ukungasebenzi kwengqondo
  • Ukugxininiswa okuphezulu kwisityalo ngasinye se-cannabis
  • Isetyenziselwa amayeza
  • Izibophelelo kwii-CB1 receptors

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-CBD kunye ne-Delta-8 ziimpawu zabo ezingezizo ezengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo. Xa zidityanisiwe kwimveliso, zinokukwenza amava alungeleleneyo kakhulu, azi impilo.

Yeyiphi eyona ndlela igqwesileyo ye-Delta-8 THC?

Sikhankanye zonke iintlobo ezininzi onokuzifumana kwi-Delta-8 THC- gummies, topicals, tinctures, and vapes. Ngaba ikhona inguqulelo yenkulumbuso? Ngaba ifom enye ehambisa ezona ziphumo zisemgangathweni? Kwakhona, lo ngumbuzo ophantsi ngokwenene onokuphendulwa kuphela ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zakho kunye nenqanaba lamava.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-gummies ziza kwiidosi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngenxa yoko lukhetho olukhulu kwabo baqala ukuqala okanye abafuna ukudlala ngokujikeleza kwinqanaba lamandla. Izihloko, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye neoyile zilungele abo bangathanda ukugxila kwiintlungu ezithile: ulusu olomileyo, izihlunu ezixineneyo, imivumbo, iintamo ezilukhuni njl njl.Izinto zokuthambisa ziluhlobo oluhle kwabo bakhetha enye indlela engenancasa - enokuba idityaniswe kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwesiselo esivela kwikofu ukuya kwii-smoothies ukuya kwii-cocktails.

Lo ngomnye umzekelo othe ngqo wokuvavanya imeko yakho yobuqu njengomsebenzisi we-cannabis. Zibuze imibuzo ofuna ukuyiphendula kwaye ujonge emzimbeni wakho ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwemveliso oluya kulungela iimfuno zakho.

Isiphelo

Sifundile ngoku ukuba i-Delta-8 THC yinto enefibinooino zinezi zinto zilandelayo: ukusebenza kwengqondo, amandla asezantsi kunomntakwabo oqhelekileyo, i-Delta-9 THC, kwaye iqulethe izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zempilo kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa okunokubakho njenge-antiemetic, umdla wokutya Isikhuthazi, isisombululo semetabolism, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukukhutshwa kwentlungu kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ezi nyani malunga ne-Delta-8 zivule amehlo akho kancinci kwiziphumo ezinokubakho ze-cannabis ebomini bakho. Ngapha koko, le yeyona cannabinoid ikhethekileyo ngokwenyani enokutshintsha umbono wakho kwihlabathi liphela le-cannabis. Njengoko uqala uhambo lwakho lwe-Delta-8, qiniseka ukuba ujonga ngokukodwa iimveliso ze-Delta-8 kukhangelo lwakho lwe-cannabis. Khangela iinkampani ezithembekileyo, ezivavanywe kakuhle ukuba uthenge kuzo. Nje ukuba ufumane imveliso kunye nedosi ekufaneleyo, zilungiselele amava alinganayo, azolileyo, kunye nentloko ecacileyo ye-Delta-8.

Uphengululo kunye neenkcazo ezipapashwe apha zezo zomxhasi kwaye azibonisi mgaqo-nkqubo osemthethweni, isikhundla okanye izimvo zaBabukeli.

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