Uyilo lweSixeko saseNew York.UMFANEKISO: Wikicommons Ngentsasa yangoMvulo, nge-13 kaJulayi, ngo-1863, amawaka abasebenzi abamhlophe eManhattan aqhuma koko kusekho Uqhushululu olubulala abantu abaninzi kwimbali yaseMelika. Amahlokondiba ahlasela uninzi lweveki kwi-orgy yokubulala, ukutshisa kunye nokuphanga. Baxhoma amadoda amnyama kwizibane kwaye barhuqa imizimba yabo eyaphukileyo ezitratweni. Babetha babulala amaqela amancinci amapolisa kunye namajoni esixeko ahlanganisene ekuqaleni-kwaye ngokungcolisa izidumbu zabo. Kuthathe imikhosi yomdibaniselwano ukuqala ukubuyisela ucwangco ekutshiseni, inkunkuma esasazeke eManhattan ngoLwesine. Inani lokufa elipapashiweyo laliyi-119, kodwa abantu abaninzi baseNew York bakholelwa ukuba eyona toll yayingamakhulu ngaphezulu.
Ukuvuka kwangoko kwemvukelo yayikukuqala ukubhaliswa emkhosini woManyano ngoMgqibelo, nge-11 kaJulayi, xa amagama abantu abayi-1 236 baseNew York babetsalwa kwigubu lomthi, nelabizwa ngegama labo ivili lamashwa, Kwi-ofisi eyiliweyo e-East 46th Street nakwi-Third Avenue. Uqhushululu olwenziwe ngoMvulo lwaqala apho kwaye lwaphela.
Umnyhadala uye ezantsi kwimbali njengoyilo loqhushululu, kodwa ingxaki ibikade iqalisa kudala ngaphambi kokuba idrafti iqale. Kumashumi eminyaka eyandulela imfazwe, inani elikhulu labantu baseNew York — abasebenzi, oosomashishini, oonobhanki, abahleli bamaphephandaba kunye nezopolitiko — babesoloko bexhasa uMzantsi kunye nobukhoboka. Kudala emva kokuba ubukhoboka buphelisiwe kwiphondo laseNew York, uqoqosho lwesixeko lwaluxhomekeke kulo njengaye nawuphi na umnini-masimi. Urhwebo olukhulu lwamazwe aphesheya kwikotoni eseMazantsi yayiyeyona nto iphambili. Iibhanki zaseNew York zixhase ngezimali ukusasazeka kwamasimi ekotoni kuMazantsi eSouth. Abarhwebi baseNew York bathengisa abanini bamasimi ngezinto zabo. Usodolophu waseNew York ngo-1863, uGeorge Opdyke, wayezityebisile ngokubathengisela iimpahla ezingabizi mali banikwa amakhoboka. Umqhaphu wenza iipesenti ezingama-40 zokuhambisa ngenqanawa kwizibuko laseNew York. Iihotele zedolophu, iivenkile zokutyela kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa zigcwalisa ihlobo lonke ngeendwendwe zaseMzantsi.
Uninzi lweshishini laseNew York lalingenamnqweno wokuphelisa ubukhoboka. Okwangoku, abahleli bamaphephandaba abanamathuba kunye nabezopolitiko abathandayo bagcina abasebenzi benoloyiko lokuba ukuphela kobukhoboka eMzantsi kuyakukhukula isixeko ngokhuphiswano oluncinci kwimisebenzi yabo. Ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kunye nentswela ngqesho exhaphakileyo Ngo-1857 lenza nzulu ixhala labo. 
Uyilo lwaseNew York.Wikicommons
Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba, abantu abaninzi baseNew York babemthiyile uAbraham Lincoln. Njengamaqabane abo oshishino lwaseMazantsi, babeqinisekile ukuba uza kususa ubukhoboka, ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kokuchaseneyo. Abantu baseNew York bavotela ezimbini kuye ngo-1860. Xa amazwe aseMazantsi aqala ukushiya uManyano emva konyulo lukaLincoln, abantu beshishini besi sixeko babongoza abathengi babo ukuba bangayi. USodolophu uFerdinand Wood ucebise ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba isixeko kufuneka sizimele kunye nabo.
Xa kwafika imfazwe entwasahlobo ka-1861, amawakawaka abasebenzi baseNew York batyikitya ukujoyina umlo, behehwa lithemba lokufumana ipakethi yokuhlawula ngeveki kunye nokuzonwabisa okufutshane. Iminyaka emibini yokubulawa kwabantu emfazweni yanciphisa ivolontiya langena kancinci. Xa uLincoln wakhupha eyakhe Isibhengezo sokuqala sokuKhululwa ngoSeptemba 1862, abasebenzi baseNew York baqalisa uqhankqalazo, ngelixa amajoni kunye namagosa kwiiyunithi zaseNew York bashiya okanye bashiya ikhomishini zabo, bevakalisa ukuba bazokulwa ukugcina uManyano kodwa hayi ukukhulula amakhoboka.
Abasebenzi banezinye izikhalazo. Kuzo zonke izinto ezibaxhalabisayo ngaphambili, oosomashishini baseNew York bakhawuleze bacinga ngendlela yokwenza inzuzo enkulu emfazweni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuvele iklasi entsha yoosozigidi, iaristocracy enoburharha. Kodwa umvuzo wabasebenzi umile, ngelixa amaxabiso ezinto enyuka ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngexesha lemfazwe. Unyaka woqhanqalazo, oluhlala lubandakanya ubundlobongela bobuhlanga, lwandulela uqhankqalazo lukaJulayi. Isithuko sokugqibela size kulungiselelo lwe umthetho wobhaliso ukuba umntu oyiliweyo angathenga indlela yakhe yokuphuma kwinkonzo nge $ 300. Lowo yayingumvuzo ophakathi wabasebenzi ophakathi. Ukuqhankqalaza ukuba ibiyimfazwe yesityebi kodwa eyindoda elihlwempu, abasebenzi baqhuma.
Yiyo loo nto izidubedube zoyilo yayiyimbonakalo yomsindo kunye noloyiko kumanqanaba amaninzi. Icandelo elipheleleyo labemi abamhlophe, nezikhalazo eziyinyani kwaye zithelekelelwa, zaxokozela kwimvukelo eyayiyingxubevange ebulalayo yentiyo yobuhlanga, indawo yokungazithembi kwezoqoqosho, kunye nemfazwe yodidi. Nangona yayineminyaka engaphaya kwe-150 eyadlulayo, zisenokubakho izifundo ekunokwenziwa ngazo, zinikwe ubungqina obaneleyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kunye neentsuku zokwahlukana ngokobuhlanga ngokubanzi nangokubulala.
UJohn Strausbaugh ngumbhali we IsiXeko sokuHamba: Imbali yeSixeko saseNew York ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya
