Ifandesi uJussi Pylkkanen uthatha amabhidi kwifandesi kaChristie ngoNovemba 15, 2017.Ifoto ngu-Eduardo Munoz Alvarez / Getty Izithombe Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ngayo, ixabiso lobugcisa liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kodwa kunjalo neendleko zokuthenga ubugcisa, ubuncinci kwifandesi. NgoFebruwari, ezintathu zezindlu zentengiso ephezulu emhlabeni-UChristie, uPhillips noSotheby-bonke bonyuse ipremiyamu yabathengi babo (ixabiso elongezelelekileyo labatyali-maxabiso abafumanayo lifakwe kumatyala abo) ngepesenti enye yezinto ezilanda ixabiso lesando le- $ 4 yezigidi nangaphezulu: Ukusuka kwi-12.5 ukuya kwi-13.5 yeepesenti kwaChristie, ukusuka kwi-12.9 ukuya kwi-13.9 yeepesenti ePhillips nase Sotheby's.
Iipremiyamu zabathengi kwimisebenzi yobugcisa ethengiswe phantsi kwe- $ 4 yezigidi zikwabonile ukulungiswa. Abaphumeleleyo kwiibhidi baya kuhlawula iirhafu ezingama-25 kuyo nayiphi na into eyayithengiswa ngaphantsi kwe- $ 300,000 (ngaphambili loo pesenti yayisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi eyayithengiswa ngaphantsi kwe- $ 250,000), kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 kuyo nayiphi na into engaphaya kwama- $ 300,000 kodwa ngaphantsi kwe- $ 4 yezigidi.
Bhalisela iNcwadana yeendaba yoBugcisa
Kwicandelo lomthetho wobugcisa kunye nendawo yokucebisa, abaninzi balindele ukuba iipremiyamu eziphezulu zingakhokelela kumaxabiso esando asezantsi. Abahlawuli maxabiso kusenokwenzeka ukuba baya ngokwanda ukufaka ipremiyamu kwiindleko zabo zizonke, okanye ukuzama ukubonisana ngezaphulelo. UDaniel S. Kokhba, iqabane e-boutique e-New York City esekwe kwindawo yabucala iKokhba Law, uthe abathengi bazakujonga ukulungisa ezinye iindleko ngokutyhala izindlu zefandesi ukuba bathathe iindleko ezinje, njengokugcina, ukwenza ifreyimu, i-inshurensi, ukuhambisa, Ukubuyiselwa kunye nofakelo kwinto abayithengayo. Kwaye ibango labathengi ngokwalo kungathethwana ngalo, ubanga njalo, njengezindlu zeefandesi ezinelungelo lokunciphisa inani, ngokubanzi, phakathi kweepesenti ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu, abaya kuyenza xa befuna ukutsala umntu abangafuniyo Ukuphulukana nomntu okhuphisana naye okanye ukugcina umntu obengumthengi olungileyo okanye umntu angakhange enze naye ishishini kodwa efuna. (Akukho mntu uChristie, uPhillips okanye uSotheby uya kuqinisekisa eli bango.)
Iipremiyamu zabathengi aziyonto intsha kraca, kodwa iipesenti ziyaqhubeka nokukhula: Phambi konyaka ka-2013, uChristie, umzekelo, wayehlawulisa ama-25 eepesenti kwimisebenzi ethengwe ngaphantsi kwe- $ 50,000; Iipesenti ezingama-20 kuyo nayiphi na into ephakathi kwama- $ 50,001 ukuya kwi- $ 1 yezigidi, kunye neepesenti ezili-12 kwezinye. Izindlu zentengiso zikwahlawulisa iikhomishini kubathengisi, kunye nezinye iifizi, ezibavumela ukuba bahlawulwe emva kokuthengisa kuzo zombini iziphelo. Ndinomthengi ongazukuthenga kwifandesi, kuba uyayichasa imali yabathengi, utshilo umcebisi wezobugcisa waseNew York uWendy Cromwell, ozisa ukhetho lokugqibela kubathengi bezobugcisa: Thenga iziqwenga kubathengisi babucala, kwiivenkile zobugcisa zorhwebo okanye zincinci okanye mhlawumbi izindlu zefandesi zengingqi ezinokuba nezinto ezifanayo kodwa hayi iindleko ezinyukayo.
Oku kunokuba sengqiqweni: Umcebisi wezobugcisa waseNew York uTodd Levin uqaphele ukuba umzobo wePicasso onokulindeleka ukuba uthengise nge-250,000 yeedola ungabiza imali encinci kwigalari yezorhwebo kunakwifandesi, kuba umthengisi uphawula phakathi kwe-10 ne-20 yepesenti uya kongeza kuphela $ 25,000-50,000 (okanye $ 275,000-300,000 iyonke) kwixabiso lilonke ngelixa umsebenzi ofanayo kuChristie, ePhillips okanye eSotheby's ngeepesenti ezingama-25 zabathengi (i $ 62,500) iya kuzisa i-312,500 yeedola. Uhlawule kakhulu kwifandesi, utshilo.
Ukunyusa amanqanaba eeprimiyamu zabathengi, ngokwegqwetha laseManhattan uJudd Grossman, kubonisa into yokuba izindlu zeefandesi zijonge kwicala lokuthenga ukwenza imali okanye ukwenza ilahleko. Imida yenzuzo yezinto kumaxabiso asezantsi ayiphakamanga kangako, kwaye iifandesi kwizindlu ezininzi zikwacutha okanye zishenxise amaxabiso ekhomishini kunye neminye imirhumo kubathengisi ngenjongo yokutsala ishishini labo. Oku kubandakanya iindleko ezinje ngokufota, ukugcinwa, i-inshurensi kunye nokunyuselwa, kunye nepesenti yentengo yokuthengisa (iipesenti ezili-10 eSotheby's, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-20 kwizindlu zeefandesi ezincinci).
UThomas C. Danziger, igqwetha laseNew York elinabaxhasi abaninzi bokuqokelela ubugcisa, lathi iipremiyamu eziphezulu zabathengi befandesi zifuna ukuba abathengi babe noqeqesho ngakumbi kwiibhidi zabo, babhale ukuba yimalini eyongezelelweyo abaza kuyibhatala, mhlawumbi ikhokelela kwiibhidi eziphantsi. Ngale ndlela, iipremiyamu zabathengi eziphezulu zinokuba nefuthe elibi kubathengisi abaya kufumana imali encinci. Ekupheleni kosuku, aba bathengisi kufuneka babe nexhala kakhulu malunga nokunyuka kweepremiyamu zabathengi, kuba imeko yokwanda izakuwela kubathengisi, utshilo uKathryn Graddy, umphathi weBrandeis International Business School kunye nonjingalwazi wezoqoqosho KwiYunivesithi yaseBrandeis.
Kodwa ayingabo bonke abakholelwa ukuba olu tshintsho luza kuguqula ukuthengisa. USusan Duke Biederman, igqwetha lesiXeko saseNew York elinabaqokeleli bezobugcisa abaninzi njengabaxumi, bakholelwa ukuba amaqondo aphezulu awazukuchaphazela indlela abaziphethe ngayo. Kuya kufuneka bajongane nenyaniso yokuba le yindawo yentengiso encinci apho kukho enye kuphela, enye yaleya. Mhlawumbi ekugqibeleni kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukuthengwa kuyenziwa ngentloko okanye ngentliziyo.
Ukusungulwa kweShishini lobuGcisa eliBonwe nge-21 kaMeyi eNew York ngowona msitho uphambili weengcali zeshishini lobugcisa. Sijoyine kangangesiqingatha seentsuku zeentetho, iingxoxo-mpikiswano ezibukhoma kunye neeseshoni zonxibelelwano nabadlali abaphambili kumzi mveliso. Iifemu zobugcisa ezikhokelayo zehlabathi, iigalari, iimyuziyam kunye nezindlu zeefandesi ziya kudibana ukuze zabelane ngezinto eziphazamisa ishishini namhlanje. Ungaphoswa , Bhalisa ngoku
