UPeter Thiel.Chip Somodevilla / Getty Izithombe UPeter Thiel ebejikeleze izinto ezintsha ebomini bakhe. Uye waseka zombini i-PayPal kunye nePalantir, wenza utyalo-mali lokuqala lwangaphandle kuFacebook, kwaye wayeyimali yokuqala kwiinkampani ezinjengeSpaceX kunye neLinkedIn.
UThiel wabhala incwadi, Zero ukuya kwiNye: Amanqaku okuQala, okanye uLwakha njani ikamva , Ukusinceda sibone ngaphaya kweendlela ezibekwe kwikamva elibanzi. Incwadi ngumthambo wokucinga kwakhona yamkelwe ubulumko kwaye unikezela ngolwazi oluninzi olunokukunceda jonga umhlaba ngokwahlukileyo kunabanye .
Nazi izifundo ezisibhozo nabani na anokuzithatha encwadini kwaye azisebenzise namhlanje.
1. Umgibe oyi-0 ukuya ku-1
IBill Bill Gates elandelayo ayizokwakha inkqubo yokusebenza. Iphepha elilandelayo likaLarry okanye uSergey Brin akazukuyenza injini yokukhangela. Kwaye uMark Zuckerberg olandelayo akazukudala inethiwekhi yoluntu. Ukuba ukopa aba bafana, awufundi kubo.
Ukuncoma uHeraclitus, othe unokwazi kuphela yiya kwakuloo mlambo kwakanye , UThiel ukholelwa ukuba umzuzu ngamnye kwishishini wenzeka kube kanye kuphela. Inqaku ekufuneka ulithathele ingqalelo kwaye lolunye uluhlu ku imodeli yengqondo ye ixesha .
KuThiel zimbini iindidi ezintsha. Ukuba uthatha into ekhoyo kwaye uyiphucule kuyo usuka ku-1 uye ku-n. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba senza into entsha kwelinye icala, sihamba ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-1.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho isibambiso esi-0 ukuya ku-1 abantu abaninzi ababambelela kuso.
Xa ubambekile kwisini sokudala into entsha, enzima ngakumbi kunokuba abantu belindele, abo bakhuphisana nabo banokuba behamba ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-n kunye nokutya isidlo sasemini.
Ihlabathi yindawo enokhuphiswano. Musa ukulibala izifundo zenguqu kwaye Iziphumo zeNdlovukazi ebomvu .
Akukho ndlela yokwenza izinto ezintsha kwaye ayisoze ibekho.
Umnqa wokufundisa ngokushishina kukuba loo ndlela (yokwenza izinto ezintsha) ayinakubakho; kuba yonke into entsha intsha kwaye yahlukile, akukho gunya linokuyalela ngendlela ebonakalayo ukuba yenziwe njani into entsha. Ewe kunjalo, eyona pateni inamandla ndiqapheleyo kukuba abantu abaphumeleleyo bafumana ixabiso kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga, kwaye bakwenza oku ngokucinga malunga neshishini ukusuka kwimigaqo yokuqala endaweni yeefomula.
Xa sizimisele ukwenza uthotho lweeworkshops ezibiziweyo Re: Cinga Sigqibe kwelokuba sibasekele ekuphuhlisweni kokutyibilika kunye neengcinga zokuqala zomgaqo kunye nokuzisebenzisa ukusombulula iingxaki zeshishini. Ayifani nawo nawuphi na umsitho owakha waya kuwo.
3. Owona mbuzo udliwanondlebe onokubuza.
Nanini na xa ndenza udliwanondlebe nomsebenzi, ndiyathanda ukubuza lo mbuzo: Yeyiphi inyaniso ebalulekileyo abantu abambalwa kakhulu abavumelana nawe ngayo?
Lo ngumbuzo ovakala ulula kuba uthe tye. Ngokwenyani, kunzima kakhulu ukuphendula. Kunzima ngokwengqondo kuba ulwazi lokuba wonke umntu ufundiswa esikolweni yinkcazo ekuvunyelwene ngayo. Kwaye kunzima ngokwengqondo kuba nabani na ozama ukuphendula kufuneka athethe into ayaziyo ukuba ayithandeki. Ukucinga okuqaqambileyo kunqabile, kodwa isibindi sikubonelelo olufutshane nangakumbi kunolwazi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ndiva iimpendulo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Inkqubo yethu yezemfundo yaphukile kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza.
IMelika yahlukile.
Akukho Thixo.
Ezi ziimpendulo ezimbi. Ingxelo yokuqala neyesibini inokuba yinyani, kodwa abantu abaninzi sele bevumelana nabo. Isiteyitimenti sesithathu sithatha icala elinye kwingxoxo eqhelekileyo. Impendulo elungileyo ithatha le ndlela ilandelayo: Uninzi lwabantu lukholelwa ku-x, kodwa inyaniso ichasene no-x.
Inantoni na le nto nekamva?
Ngengqondo encinci, ikamva siseti yawo onke amaxesha ezayo. Kodwa into eyenza ukuba ikamva lahluke kwaye libalulekile ayikuko ukuba ayikenzeki, kodwa kunoko iya kuba lixesha apho umhlaba ujongeka wahlukile kunanamhlanje… Uninzi lweempendulo kwimibuzo yesivumelwano ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubona okwangoku; Iimpendulo ezilungileyo zisondele njengoko sinokuthi sijonge kwikamva.
4. Amandla amatsha abalulekileyo enkampani
Ukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo, isiqalo lelona qela likhulu labantu onokuthi uqiniseke ngesicwangciso sokwakha ikamva elahlukileyo. Amandla enkampani entsha abaluleke kakhulu kukucinga okutsha: okubaluleke nangaphezulu kobukrelekrele, ubungakanani obuncinci bunika indawo yokucinga.
5. Inyathelo lokuqala lokucinga ngokucacileyo
Umbuzo wethu ongafaniyo- Yiyiphi inyaniso ebalulekileyo abantu abambalwa abavumelana nawe ngayo? - kunzima ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo. Kungalula ukuqala ngeyokuqala: ingaba wonke umntu uvumelana ngantoni?
Impambano inqabile ebantwini
- kodwa ngokwamaqela, amaqela, izizwe kunye nobudala ngumgaqo.
-Nietzche (ngaphambi kokuba aphambane)
Ukuba unokuchonga inkolelo eyaziwayo ekhohlisayo, unokufumana into efihliweyo emva kwayo: inyani yesivumelwano.
[…]
Iinkolelo zesiqhelo zihlala zibonakala zingenasizathu kwaye ziphosakele ekubuyiseleni emva; Nanini na xa umntu athe wawa siyibiza inkolo yakudala njengeqamza, kodwa ubugqwetha obubangelwa ngamaqamza abupheli xa bephuma. Ibhola ye-intanethi yee-90s yayiyeyona inkulu kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, kwaye izifundo ezifundwe emva koko zichaza kwaye zigqwetha phantse konke ukucinga ngetekhnoloji yanamhlanje. Inyathelo lokuqala lokucinga ngokucacileyo kukubuza into esicinga ukuba siyayazi malunga nexesha elidlulileyo.
Nanku umzekelo u-Thiel awunika ukunceda ukukhanyisa olu luvo.
Oosomashishini abancamathele kwiSilicon Valley bafunde izifundo ezine ezinkulu kwingozi yedot-com esakhokela ukucinga ngokushishina namhlanje:
1. Yenza inkqubela phambili -Imibono emikhulu inyuse ibhabhu, ke akufuneki ukuba inyanzeliswe. Nabani na othi unokwenza into enkulu uyakrokra, kwaye nabani na ofuna ukutshintsha umhlaba kufuneka athobeke. Amancinci, amanyathelo anyukayo kuphela kwendlela ekhuselekileyo eya phambili.
Mbini. Hlala unciphile kwaye ubhetyebhetye Zonke iinkampani kufuneka zixhomekeke, eyikhowudi engacwangciswanga. Akufanele uyazi ukuba ishishini lakho liya kwenza ntoni; ucwangciso luyazingca kwaye aluguquguquki. Endaweni yoko kuya kufuneka uzame izinto, uphindaphinde, kwaye uphathe ishishini njengovavanyo lwe-agnostic.
3. Ukuphucula ukhuphiswano - Ungazami ukwenza intengiso entsha ngaphambi kwexesha. Ekuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuba uneshishini lokwenyani kukuqala ngomthengi osele ekho, ke kuya kufuneka uyakhe inkampani yakho ngokuphucula iimveliso ezibonakalayo esele zinikezelwe ngabantu abakhuphisana nabo ngempumelelo.
Zine. Gxila kwimveliso, hayi kwintengiso -Ukuba imveliso yakho ifuna intengiso okanye abathengisi bayithengise, ayonelanga: itekhnoloji ikakhulu iphambili malunga nophuhliso lwemveliso, hayi ukuhanjiswa. Ixesha lokubhengeza intengiso ngokucacileyo yayiyinkcitho, ke kuphela ukukhula okuzinzileyo kukukhula kwentsholongwane.
Ezi zifundo ziye zaba yimfundiso kwihlabathi lokuqalisa; abo bangabahoyiyo bacingelwa ukuba bamema intshabalalo ethethelelweyo kwitekhnoloji kwingozi enkulu ka 2000. Ukanti imigaqo echaseneyo ichanekile ngakumbi.
1. Kubhetele ukubeka emngciphekweni ubugorha kunokungakhathali.
2. Isicwangciso esibi singcono kunokungabikho kwesicwangciso.
3. Iimarike ezikhuphisanayo zonakalisa inzuzo.
4. Imicimbi yokuthengisa kanye njengemveliso.Ukwakha ikamva kufuneka sicele umngeni kwiimfundiso ezimisa umbono wethu wexesha elidlulileyo. Oko akuthethi ukuba okuchaseneyo noko kukholelwayo kuyinyani, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uphinde ucinge ngento eyinyani kwaye engeyiyo eyinyani kwaye unqume ukuba loo milo siyibona njani namhlanje. Njengoko uThiel esitsho, Eyona nto iphikisanayo ayikokuphikisana nesihlwele kodwa kukucinga ngokwakho.
6. Inkqubela phambili iphuma kubunini-bodwa, hayi kukhuphiswano.
Ingxaki kwishishini lokhuphiswano idlula ngaphaya kokungabikho kwenzuzo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba uqhuba enye yeendawo zokutyela eMountain View. Awukahlukanga kuninzi lwabakhuphisana nabo, ke kuya kufuneka ulwe nzima ukuze usinde. Ukuba unikezela ngokutya okufikelelekayo ngeemida ezisezantsi, ungabhatala abasebenzi umvuzo ophantsi kuphela. Kwaye kuyakufuneka ucofe yonke impumelelo: Yiyo loo nto iivenkile ezincinci zibeka uMakhulu ukuba asebenze kwirejista kwaye enze abantwana bahlambe izitya ngasemva.
Ukuzimela wedwa njengoGoogle kwahlukile. Kuba ayinaxhala lokukhuphisana naye nabani na, inendawo ebanzi yokukhathalela abasebenzi bayo, iimveliso zayo kunye nefuthe layo kwihlabathi elibanzi. Isiqubulo sikaGoogle -Ungabi bubi - ngokuyinxalenye iqhinga lokuthengisa uphawu, kodwa kukwaluphawu lohlobo lweshishini oluyimpumelelo ngokwaneleyo ukuthatha imigaqo yokuziphatha ngokungathandekiyo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ubukho bayo. Kwishishini, imali yeyona nto ibalulekileyo okanye yiyo yonke into. Ama-monopolists anokukwazi ukucinga ngezinye izinto ngaphandle kokwenza imali; abanga-monopolists abakwazi. Kukhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo, ishishini ligxile kwimida yanamhlanje kangangokuba ayinakucwangcisa ikamva lexesha elide. Inye kuphela into enokuvumela ishishini ukuba lidlule kumzabalazo wemihla ngemihla wokuphila: inzuzo yodwa.
Ke ukubusa yedwa kufanelekile kuye wonke umntu ongaphakathi, kodwa kuthekani ngaye wonke umntu ongaphandle? Ngaba iingeniso ze-outsize ziza kuhlawula lonke uluntu? Ngokwenyani, ewe: Inzuzo iphuma kwizipaji zabathengi, kwaye iimonopoli zifanelwe igama labo elibi - kodwa kuphela kwihlabathi apho kungatshintshi nto.
Kwilizwe elimileyo, umntu ongoyedwa ungumqokeleli nje werente. Ukuba uyikona kwintengiso yento ethile, ungalixhoma ixabiso; abanye abazukukhetha ngaphandle kokuthenga kuwe. Cinga ngomdlalo webhodi odumileyo: Izenzo ziyajikiswa zisuka kumdlali ziye kumdlali, kodwa ibhodi ayitshintshi. Akukho ndlela yokuphumelela ngokwenza uhlobo olungcono lophuhliso lwezindlu nomhlaba. Amaxabiso ahambelana nepropathi amiselwe lonke ixesha, ke konke onokukwenza kukuzama ukuzithenga.
Kodwa umhlaba esiphila kuwo unamandla: Singaqulunqa izinto ezintsha nezingcono. I-monopolists yokuyila inika abathengi ukhetho ngakumbi ngokongeza iindidi ezintsha ngokupheleleyo zobuninzi kwihlabathi. Ukuzimela wedwa akulunganga nje kuluntu luphela; ziinjini ezinamandla zokwenza ngcono.
7. Ukusukuzana kusibangela ukuba sigxininise kakhulu kumathuba amadala kwaye sikhuphe ngobukhoboka oko bekusebenzile ngaphambili.
IMarx kunye neShakespeare zibonelela ngeemodeli ezimbini esinokuthi sizisebenzise ukuqonda phantse lonke uhlobo lwempixano.
Ngokuka-Marx, abantu bayalwa kuba bohlukile. Isigaba sabasebenzi silwa noohlohlesakhe kuba banezimvo kunye neenjongo ezahlukileyo (ezenzelwe uMarx, ngokweemeko zabo ezahlukileyo kakhulu). Umkhulu umahluko, kokukhona ungquzulwano lukhulu.
KuShakespeare, ngokuchaseneyo, onke amajoni akhangeleka ngokungafaniyo. Akucaci kwaphela ukuba kutheni kufanelekile ukuba balwe kuba bengenanto balwa ngayo. Cinga ngokuvulwa kukaRomeo noJuliet: Amakhaya amabini, omabini ngokufanayo ngesidima. Ezi zindlu zimbini ziyafana, ukanti ziyacaphukela. Ziyakhula ngokufana ngakumbi njengoko ubundlobongela bukhula. Ekugqibeleni, bayalibala ukuba kutheni baqala ukulwa kwasekuqaleni.
Kwishishini, uThiel uthi uShakespeare sisikhokelo esingcono. Waba yintoni umphumo? Sithanda kakhulu abo sikhuphisana nabo kwaye nabo nathi basibangela ukuba silibale ukuba zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye sijolise kwixesha elidlulileyo.
8. Eyokugqibela inokuba yeyokuqala
Mhlawumbi uvile malunga neenzuzo zokuqala zokuhambisa: ukuba ungowokuqala ukungena kwimarike, ungabamba isabelo sentengiso esibalulekileyo ngelixa abo bakhuphisana nabo bexambulisana ukuze baqalise. Oko kungasebenza, kodwa ukuhamba kuqala licebo, hayi injongo. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuvelisa ukuhamba kwemali kwixa elizayo, ke ukuba ngumhambisi wokuqala akukuncedi nganto ukuba kuza omnye umntu aze akushiye. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba ube ngumhambisi wokugqibela-oko kukuthi, ukwenza uphuhliso olukhulu lokugqibela kwimakethi ethile kwaye wonwabele iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka yenzuzo yokulawula wedwa.
U-Grandmaster uJosé Raúl Capablanca ukubeka kakuhle: ukuze uphumelele, kufuneka ufunde umdlalo ophelileyo ngaphambi kwayo yonke enye into.
Zero kuye ku-1 igcwele ukuqonda okungahambelaniyo okuya kukunceda ukucinga kwakho kunye nokubhebhethekisa ukubakho.
UShane Parrish wondla ingqondo yakho Isitalato iFarnam , indawo enceda abafundi ukuba baphumelele kwezona zinto sele zichaziwe ngabanye abantu . Ukuba ufuna ukusebenza ngobuchule kwaye ungabi nzima, ndincoma ukubhalisela Incwadana yokutya kweBongo . Unokulandela uShane Twitter kwaye Facebook .
