George Orwell ’s Ifama yezilwanyana ibonisa ifama eqhutywa yinkokheli edibeneyo yehagu.Iifoto zikaJoern Pollex / Getty Ukulandela ukumiselwa kukaMongameli uDonald Trump, incwadi yasekhohlo ekufuneka ifundiwe yayinguGeorge Orwell Ngo-1984 . Ipapashwe ngo-1949, inoveli ye-dystopian iqikelela umhlaba wolawulo lweengcinga zobungqongqo, kwaye yadubula phezulu kwiAmazon umthengisi ogqibelele uluhlu. Kweli hlobo, i Ngo-1984 umdlalo ovela eLondon uyavula Ebanzi , eveliswe ngokudibeneyo nguScott Rudin. Kukho iingxelo ezingenakubalwa zemithombo yeendaba kwinoveli, kubandakanya zikaPaul Krugman ilungisiwe phakathi Inkqubo ye- INew York Times ngoMeyi 8, Party Like Ngu 1984.
UMargaret Atwood Ibali lesicakakazi ikwafumana nomoya wesibini. Kwincwadi yakhe yowe-1985, abo banamandla banciphise abafazi abachumileyo ukuba babe ngamakhoboka okuzala kubafazi be-elite abangazaliyo. Sele ikhutshiwe njengefilimu (kunye nomdlalo weqonga kaHarold Pinter), le ncwadi iphinde yavela njengeeNkonzo zaseHulu. Inxalenye yesicwangciso sentengiso kukwenza ibali libe ngumzekeliso kulawulo lukaTrump. Phantse wonke umntu uyonwaba ngokuthelekisa.
Kodwa ezi ziincwadi ezingalunganga ukuba zifundwe kwaye zibonise ukubukela. Umsebenzi obaluleke ngakumbi yi-Orwell's 1945la novella Ifama yezilwanyana . Njengoba Ngo-1984, ucinga imeko yezopolitiko. Ukanti, Ifama yezilwanyana lufihlakele ngakumbi — yaye lunamandla ngakumbi — kuno- Ngo-1984 okanye into engenakwenzeka Ibali lesicakakazi.
Akukho mqondiso wokuba kukho okanye kuya kubakho naluphi na ulawulo lwengcinga olusebenzayo okanye ingcinezelo yezopolitiko njengoko kuchaziwe Ngo-1984 . Idemokhrasi ibonakala inamandla njengangaphambili: Iinkundla kwi Isiqithi esikwiPasifiki ngokungazami ukubopha imiyalelo yokufudukela kukaTrump kunye nokulinganiswa kwasebusuku ebusuku kumabonakude achasene neTrump ngophahla. Umntu o-bogeyman ebusuku, uTrump, ubonakala ngathi uyaphela kunye nentsasa nganye ekuphumeni kwelanga kokutshintsha komgaqo kwaye iingxelo ngathi, andimi nganto. INdlu yeWhite House kunye neCongress elawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi ayivumelani kwaphela kwiziseko ezimbalwa, ezinje ngohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Ifama yezilwanyana kuthathelwe ingqalelo imeko eyahlukileyo yezithembiso zopolitiko. Ukubhala malunga nokusilela kukaRussian Revolution, uOrwell wenza umfanekiso ngefama eyabhukuqa inkosi yayo engumntu yambeka ngobunkokheli obuhlangeneyo beehagu. Ezi hagu zikrelekrele zathembisa ukuhlengahlengisa uluntu ngokulingana (abantu abadumileyo) kunye nabasebenzi bezilwanyana bavuzwa ngomsebenzi wabo kwifama enobulungisa nefanelekileyo. Ibuyisa iRussia, apho uStalin atshintshe umbono kaTrotsky kunye noLenin neenkampu zaseGulag kunye nenkqubo yengcinezelo ekhohlakeleyo nenkohliso, iihagu ezilawulayo ze Ifama yezilwanyana ngokuthe ngcembe baba njengabantu nezithembiso zabo zotshintsho zilibalekile.
Iinkokheli ze Ifama yezilwanyana kugcinwe ulawulo lweengcinga ngokufihla iinyani ngeemisi ezitshayayo. Ngale ndlela, intetho kulawulo lukaTrump ifile. Abaphathi abavela eWall Street, kwakanye Izilwanyana ngeTrump njengoko bebaleka nokubulala, ngoku baphethe. Umlawuli wemali kufuneka ohlwaywe kwiTrump's Usuku lokuqala e-ofisini, e-China, ngoku lihlakani elinobuchule ekuncedeni ukukhusela iNorth Korea.
Inguqu kaTrump ibe yindawo yegalufa emva kokugxeka ngokusondeleyo ukuphuma kwegalufa kwangaphambili Ifama yezilwanyana. Emva koko, kukho ukurhoxiswa kwe-NAFTA-intsika yeqonga lakhe elingenzeki.
Ukuba i-populist Trump inikezele ngokungakaze ibonwe ukufikelela kwamanye amashishini amakhulu eMelika ngokutshintshisa ngezigidi zabo zeedola zeminikelo lelinye iphepha elithe ngqo Ifama yezilwanyana. Yonke ifaçade yolawulo ku Ifama yezilwanyana yayenzelwe ukubeka amahashe, iigusha kunye neenkuku izilogeni zokuziva mnandi kunye nee-ajenda zobuxoki. Ukucoca kukaTrump imantra yemgxobhozo kufanelekile Ifama yezilwanyana isilogeni seziseko zophuhliso. Iihagu, ezazisoyika ukuphulukana nolawulo lwefama, zenza izoyikiso zokucinga njengecebo lokuzibopha. Ingaba yahluke njani le kuTrump ekusilumkiseni ngesoyikiso sabadlwenguli baseMexico?
U-Orwell, owayenengqondo ebalaseleyo kwezopolitiko kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, wayilindela imeko yeendaba ezingeyonyani. Imbali yeDabi laseCowshed, apho izilwanyana zazikhulula khona ifama ebantwini, zaxelelwa kwaye zabaliswa ngeendaba ezingezizo ezongezwe xa iihagu ziqala ukubambana. Iijikelezo ezintsha kwizibakala bezifuneka rhoqo. Ke, iqhawe lokwenyani le-Battle of the Cowshed, u-Snowball, kamva waxelwa ukuba wazimanya nabantu. Nditsho ne-Trump ecinyiweyo ye-tweet malunga nokuba yayililungelo elingakanani ukubamba uMongameli [wasePalestine] uMahmoud Abbas kwi-White House kwacingelwa Ifama yezilwanyana , njengoko ukubhala kudonga lweshedi kwaguqulwa kwaye kwacinywa njengoko kufanelekile kwezopolitiko. Izilwanyana zazingakwazi ukukhumbula imibhalo yantlandlolo okanye indlela ezatshintshwa ngayo.
U-Orwell wayelindele nokuba uSean Spicer. Iihagu zinesipoki esithetha uSquealer ophetheyo ekulungelelaniseni izinto ezingahambelaniyo kunye nokuhluza ubudenge bezimemezelo ezingezizo ezilandelelanayo ezivela kulawulo lweehagu. Ukufunda ukujikeleza kukaSquealer kutshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wefama kukunyanga koncwadi akukho mfundi uya kuze alibale.
Ke, ukuba ujonga uncwadi olungokomfanekiso ukuqonda ezopolitiko zanamhlanje, Ifama yezilwanyana Isikhokelo esikhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwezopolitiko kunokuba Ngo-1984 okanye Ibali lesicakakazi. Kufanele ukuba ibe yincwadi elandelayo yokutsiba phezulu kuluhlu oluthengisa kakhulu lweAmazon. Zenzele ubabalo kwaye ukhusele ikopi ngokukhawuleza.
UJonathan Russo ujonge kwaye wabhala malunga ne-Mid-East, ezopolitiko zasekhaya kunye ne China amashumi eminyaka. Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo amanqaku akhe apapashwe kwiThe Huffington Post, Amaxesha akwaSirayeli nakwindawo yakheIJavaJagMorning.com. Usebenze kwisigqeba semithombo yeendaba eNew York ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 kwaye uhlala eManhattan.
