Indawo yokugawula amanzi engaphambili kwindawo eseGreenpoint eBrooklyn iya kubonakala iyindawo engenakulindeleka ukuba umakhi weofisi yaseManhattan abuyise ubutyebi bakhe. Kodwa ngesivumelwano sakhe sokuthenga ipasile engama-23 ecaleni kwe-East River kunye ne-NewtownCreekfromalocal-umnini-mhlaba, uGeorge Klein-onobutyebi bezindlu nomhlaba uthathe indawo yokuntywila esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka eliqela edlulileyo, nanjengoko nefuthe lakhe kwezopolitiko landisile-izicwangciso zokwenza kanye lonto.
Ngelixa uMnu. U-Klein, okhokela i-Park Tower Group, akazukuchaza ukuba zithini na izicwangciso zakhe, ubekwintetho ezingekho sesikweni namaqela oluntu aseGreenpoint athi iphupha lakhe lokolulwa kwebhanana yolwakhiwo lwasemaphandleni-ukuba angayenza kanye le nto kudala beyilindile. Ngokwemithombo eliqela yobumelwane, uMnu. Klein ufuna ukwakha indawo yokuhlala elunxwemeni lomlambo ukukhuphisana notyelelo oluseBrooklyn Heights, ethembisa ngembonakalo entle yedolophu esembindini wepropathi. Ukutshutshisa iplaza, uMnu. Klein ucinga ngeebhloko ezili-10 zeenqaba zokuhlala, iiflethi ezime ngendlela yasezidolophini kunye neevenkile zentengiso eziza kuvulelwa kwigridi yesitalato yaseGreenpoint kwaye zibuyisele umphambili woluntu eluntwini.
UStephen Stulman, ongumnini weLumber Exchange Terminal, osele eneminyaka engama-80 ehleli kwesi siza, naye ubenamaphupha okuphucula indawo engaphambili yolwandle iGreenpoint, kwaye ebesenza amabali kumajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo malunga nolonwabo kunye nepaki. Kodwa ngokuphuhliswa kweendawo zamanzi eBrooklyn naseQueens kugxothwa zizopolitiko kunye ne-vagaries yearhente yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba, umbono ubonakala ngathi liphupha nje elinye.
Ngoku, isixeko sityhala indlela eyandisiweyo yesikhephe kunye neeteksi zamanzi ecaleni kwe-East River, kunye noDan Doctoroff-umyili webhaso lesixeko kwimidlalo ye-Olimpiki ka-2012 ehleli kuSodolophu uMichael Bloomberg njengesekela-sodolophu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, a umda omtsha uvulelekile kwizindlu nomhlaba eNew York. Isichazwe ngokucacileyo isicwangciso sokuhamba sikaMnumzana uGqirhaoffoff sokucwangciswa kwe-X yokuhamba: i-axis eyenziwe ziindlela ezingama-30 zokuhamba ezihla zinyuka nge-East River, ukuya kwizibuko kunye neLong Island Sound, ukuwela inkonzo yesantya esiphezulu eya kuthi qhagamshela empuma yeQueens kunye neNewark International Airport. Ngokuthenga kwakhe kutshanje, uMnu Klein ulungile embindini wesenzo.
Asinanto sihambileyo esidlangalaleni, utshilo u-Elizabeth Counihan, usekela-mongameli olawulayo e-Klein's Park Tower Group. (Ngokusebenzisa uNks. Counihan, Mnu. Klein walile ukunika izimvo ngeli bali.) Sijonga ukuba loluphi ukhetho lwethu ngoku.
Kutshanje, ukhetho-ubuncinci kwizindlu nomhlaba-belunqongophele uMnu Klein.
Ngokungafaniyo noontanga bakhe, uMnumzana uKlein akanayo imbali yosapho kwizindlu nomhlaba. Ukhulise inkwenkwe ekhonzayo eBrooklyn, usapho lwayo lwenza ubutyebi balo njengabasunguli benkampani yeelekese kaBarton. Umnumzana Klein wenza uqhakamshelwano kurhulumente kwasekuqaleni, ethatha inxaxheba kolunye ulingo lwesi sixeko kubuhlakani phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala xa wayephuhlisa izakhiwo zeCon Edison kunye neNew York zomnxeba edolophini eBrooklyn. Ngo-1981, unyaka emva kokuba enze umdlalo wakhe eManhattan-edlala indawo encinci yePark Avenue kwindawo yokwenza iiglasi-kunye-nesakhiwo seofisi-abazali bakhe bathengisa inkampani yeelekese ngeedola eziyi-2,5 zeedola, kwaye usapho alukhange lujonge emva ukusukela .
Ngandlel 'ithile, izicwangciso zikaMnu Klein zeGreenpoint zimele ukubuyela kwakhe eBrooklyn. Kodwa ngezinye iindlela, akazange ashiye: Iingcambu zakhe ezinzulu zeOthodoki ziye zahlala naye unanamhla. Wanamathela kuMyuziyam weLifa leMveli lamaYuda ngokudodobala kwezindlu nemihlaba okubonakala ngathi kusongela ukwakhiwa kwayo; xa kwafika ixesha lokusika iribhoni kwimyuziyam ngo-1997, uGeorge Klein wayemi ecaleni kweGqwetha leSithili saseManhattan uRobert Morgenthau kunye nowayesakuba nguSodolophu u-Edward Koch ukuba bafumane iziqinisekiso zokuba ekugqibeleni bayakhe loo nto.
Isandla sakhe kwezopolitiko sinamandla alinganayo. Ukuya kumfo waseRiphabhlikhi onomdla wokungenelela kwizindlu ezithengisa izindlu kunye noluntu olulondolozayo, uMnu Klein unike owona mnikelo mkhulu kwisilayidi esikhulu sabagqatswa beRiphabhlikhi kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ugcina inkampani kunye nezinto ezithandwayo yiRhuluneli uGeorge Pataki, owayesakuba nguSodolophu uRudolph Giuliani, uSodolophu wangoku uMichael Bloomberg kunye noMongameli Bush.
Kodwa akukho nanye kwezi enokumkhusela kwi-vagaries yeManhattan real estate.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, kanye xa imakethi yayikhwele ibhayisekile ngenxa yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, uMnu. Klein wazifumana sele ephuma kwizakhiwo ezininzi ukususela oko wangena kumdlalo wokuthengiswa kwezindlu eManhattan ngo-1980, nenqaba eyayithelekelelwa ngo-499 Ipaki Avenue eyilelwe ngu-IM Pei ehlawule umhlakulo. Ngo-1995, uMnu. Klein wathengisa inzala yakhe ngepropathi kwi-Sumitomo Trust, eyayigcina imali-mboleko kweso sakhiwo. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, iMitsubishi Trust ithengise ngempahla kwenye indlu yaseKlein, 33 Maiden Lane, ngesaphulelo kwenye ibhanki, kwaye iPark Tower Group yaphulukana nesibonda sayo. Ngo-1996, isivumelwano somzuzu wokugqibela kunye nababolekisi beli qela sagcina isigxina saso kwi-535 Madison Avenue xa kwaqeshiswa abaqeshi ababehlala kwi-270,000 yeenyawo zeso sakhiwo kwaye iPark Tower Group ayizange ikwazi ukuhlawula ityala layo kwaye inike abaqeshi ukhuphiswano. Eso sakhiwo kunye ne-65 East Street yesitrato zizicelo zokugqibela zikaMnu Klein zokuba ngumdlali ophambili kwimakethi yokuthengisa izindlu nomhlaba eManhattan.
Umnumzana Klein ukwazile ukugcina ezinye iipropathi ngenxa yoqhakamshelwano lwezopolitiko. Ebesondele kuMnumzana uKoch kunye noMnu Giuliani, kwaye uhlala engumjelo phakathi kwabanikeli abaphezulu abasekele kwiRiphabhlikhi kunye neG.P. Umnumzana Klein wayelilungu leqela lotshintsho lika Mnu Bloom-berg, kwaye omnye wabaqokeleli mali wayezimisele ukuhlawula i-15,000 yeedola ukuya kwisidlo sangokuhlwa kwindlu yomnumzana Bloomberg e-Upper East Side xa wayemnkele uMnu Bush kunye noMnu Pataki.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uMnu. Klein uphulukene nemidlalo yakhe emininzi yokungcakaza. Ulahlekelwe ngumnqweno wokuphuhlisa i-ofisi engentla kwePort Authority Bus Terminal kwintshona yeTimes Square ngo-1998. Ngo-1999, waphulukana nomnqweno wokuphuhlisa indawo yaseCon Edison kuMlambo i-East, emazantsi nje eZizwe eziManyeneyo.
Kodwa mhlawumbi ukoyiswa kwakhe okuphawulekayo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 kwakusezandleni zembangi yezindlu nomhlaba uDouglas Durst. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 emva kokuba efumene iPrudential Insurance Co ukubuyisela isicwangciso sakhe see-ofisi ezine kwiTimes Square ukuya kwi- $ 2 yezigidigidi-Mnu. U-Klein wayesaphula umthetho indlela yakhe yokuphuma kumatyala angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-27 ecela umngeni kwilungelo lakhe lokuphuhlisa indawo. Xa wayevela kuwo onke amaphepha, intengiso yezindlu yayiye emazantsi kwaye izicwangciso zedolophu zesiza zancitshiswa.
Ngo-1996, uMnu.Durst wayeliphumelele ilungelo lokwakha enye yeenqaba ezine ezicwangcisiweyo ezimi namhlanje-i-4 Times Square-kwaye wayedwelise uCondé Nast njengomqeshi we-ankile.
Ngoku uMnu Klein unethuba lokufikelela kuMnu Durst.
Yimali elungileyo, utshilo uMnu.Durst ngesicwangciso seGreenpoint. Ingakumbi ngeendlela ezintsha zeteksi yamanzi. Ngapha koko, umbutho kaMnu Durst uthathe indawo kwisiza-kodwa ngeli xesha, uMnu Klein waphumelela.
Iprojekthi yeOlimpiki
Okubalulekileyo kwithemba lesiza sisicwangciso sesixeko esiguqukayo sokubhida kwiiOlimpiki zasehlotyeni zika-2012. Ngeqela labacwangcisi besixeko abakhokelwa nguprofesa weYunivesithi yaseYale u-Alex Garvin, ngoku ongumcwangcisi oyintloko we-arhente otyunjwe ngokujongana nophuhliso lweManhattan esezantsi, uMnu Doctoroff wakhulelwa amanyathelo amakhulu okuhambisa ngenjongo yokuqhagamshela iindawo ezinokubakho zeOlimpiki kuso sonke isixeko . Ngelixa le midlalo iyiminyaka elishumi ithatha isigqibo sokuba iNew York ngoyena mntu uzakuphumelela ibhidi-isixeko esele sinyanzela ukuba sibe nezinto ezithile zesicwangciso esisebenzayo ngo-2005, xa iKomiti yeOlimpiki yamanye amazwe icwangciselwe ukuba ithathe isigqibo ngebhidi. Oko kuthetha ukuba inani elibalulekileyo leelayini ezingama-30 ezibizelwe ibhidi yeOlimpiki ziya kuba ziqhutywa kule minyaka imbalwa izayo, kwaye abaphuhlisi baye baqaphela, bathimba iipropathi ebezidiniwe iminyaka.
Inkxaso mali yalungiselelwa uphuhliso olukhulu lwepaki ecaleni kwendlela yasemanzini eDUMBO; indawo esemazantsi kuphela kaMnu. Klein's, kufutshane nomda waseGreenpoint naseWilliamsburg, ikumanqanaba okucwangciswa kophuhliso lokusetyenziswa okuxubeneyo okuzokwakhiwa yinkosi yeloft u-Joshua Gutman; kwaye kwinyanga ephelileyo, abaqeshi baqala ukufudukela eAvalon Riverview, indawo yokuqala kwezintathu zicwangciselwe ukwakhiwa yiAvalonBay eQueens West, ihektare ezingama-74, i-2.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zophuhliso olucetywayo kuphuhliso lomlambo i-East River eHunters Point, ngaphesheya kweNewtown Creek ukusuka kuMnu. Ipropati entsha kaKlein.
Umnumzana Klein ngoku udlala nabaphuhlisi abakhulu kwindawo engaphambili yamanzi. I-Queens West, eyadinwa kangangeminyaka eli-15, ibonisa iimpawu ezintsha zobomi. Eyakhiwe njengezakhiwo ezili-19, izindlu ezingama-6 400 kunye neevenkile, zimbini kuphela izakhiwo ezimiyo; kodwa ngoJanuwari wonyaka ophelileyo, i-LCOR, umakhi osekwe ePennsylvania, wakhethwa ukuba aphuhlise ipasile ye-13 1¼2 yesiza sendawo yokuthengisa. NgoFebruwari wonyaka ophelileyo, iRockrose Development Corp. yathatha iihektare ezingama-21 3¼4 kwesi siza. Apho, i-1 yezigidi zeedola zophuhliso zifuna iiyunithi ezingama-3,000 kwizakhiwo ezisixhenxe.
Ayisiyiyo kuphela ukuba uMnu Klein unendawo yokukhuphisana nayo nayiphi na le projekthi-unentando yezopolitiko emva kwakhe. Amaqela oluntu amjongile enethemba lokulumka.
UChristine Holowacz, umongameli weGreenpoint Property Owners Inc., uthe uluntu luza kwamkela nantoni na enika iGreenpoint indlela yokungena kwindawo engaphambi kwamanzi, evalwe ngamatye aseStulmans okoko umntu anokukhumbula.
Sidinga ukuphuhlisa indawo engasemlanjeni i-East River-yigugu leBrooklyn, utshilo uNkskz Holowacz. Olu luluntu olujikelezwe ngamanzi, ukanti akukho ndlela yakuthi sifike emanzini. Ayilunganga kwaphela.
Yongeza ukuba ibhodi yoluntu yalapha icebise ukusetyenziswa okuxubeneyo, ukuphuhliswa kwemivuzo exubeneyo kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yeepaki, UNks Holo-wacz uthe uluntu lubonakala lukulungele ukuthetha noMnu Klein ngezicwangciso zakhe.
Ngaphezu, iihektare zikaMnu Klein ziza nemitya embalwa: Wenza isivumelwano sangasese nomnini wabucala, ngelixa abaphuhlisi baseQueens West kuyakufuneka bajongane nobathathu obungcolileyo: isixeko, urhulumente kunye nePort Authority.
Kwelinye icala, oko kukwathetha ukuba uMnu Klein kuyakufuneka ahambe yedwa xa kufikwa kwinkxaso mali yeprojekthi yakhe-kwaye bekungekho lula kuye mva. UNkosazana Counihan wePark Tower Group akangekhe atsho ukuba yimalini ezakutshintsha izandla xa uMnu Klein egqibezela isivumelwano kwipropathi yeGreenpoint, kwaye ngekhe aphawule ngezicwangciso zikaMnu Klein zokuxhasa ngezimali uphuhliso.
Kodwa ukusukela ngoku, nawuphina umntu ofuna ukukhula kwindawo yaseBrooklyn engakhuphisana noMnumzana Klein. Kwaye xa kufikwa kuphuhliso lwangaphambili lwedolophu, ukhuphiswano luthathwa njengophawu olulungileyo.
Ndicinga ukuba sinethuba elihle lokuphinda sibuyisele indawo engaphambili yamanzi eGreenpoint naseWilliamsburg, utshilo uDavid Yassky, ilungu leBhunga lesiXeko elimele isithili apho ipropathi entsha kaMnu Klein ikhoyo. Ndicinga ukuba izindlu ubuncinci kwinxalenye yendawo engaphambi kwamanzi yenza ingqiqo enkulu.
