Ukuvuma izono (i-Lady Chancellor) , 2007, nguChris Ofili. (Ngokunyanisekileyo komculi kunye noDavid Zwirner) Umntu uyazibuza ukuba yayiyintoni ingxabano malunga nayo yonke le minyaka idlulileyo.
Ngoku izinto zentsomi, umzobo kaChris Ofili INgcwele iNtombikazi enguMariya (1996) wavutha umlilo xa wenza i-US kwiMyuziyam yaseBrooklyn ekwindla ngo-1999. Yayingumsebenzi ophambili eSensation, umboniso weqela elihambahambayo elalivela eLondon, linamagqabantshintshi kwiNgqokelela yeCharles Saatchi yoBugcisa baseBritane. ). Iqaqobana lamagosa ecawa naseburhulumenteni bagxeka umzobo emva kokufunda iingxelo ezigqwethekileyo ukuba umsebenzi ubonakalisa uMama oNgcwele ejikelezwe yimifanekiso engamanyala kwaye egqunywe lilindle. Izihlwele ezachasayo ezichasayo zigwebe umboniso kwimiboniso yemihla ngemihla kufutshane nomnyango wokulondolozwa kwembali. Umbono wokufakwa kukaChris Ofili: Ubusuku neMini kwiMyuziyam eNtsha, ngo-2014 Xa kungekho mfazi akukho zikhalo , 1998, kunye INgcwele iNtombikazi enguMariya , 1996. (Ifoto nguMaris Hutchinson / EPW. Yonke imisebenzi yobugcisa nguChris Ofili. NguDavid Zwirner, eNew York / London)
Bambalwa, ukuba bakho, kwaba bagxeki abakhe bayibona le peyinti buqu, kubandakanya noRudolph Giuliani, owayengusodolophu weSixeko saseNew York, owayesoyikisa ngokuvala lo mboniso kunye nokusika inkxaso-mali yesixeko kulondolozo lwembali. Ngesinye isikhathi, umsebenzi wonakaliswa ngumtyeleli onomsindo owahlasela umphezulu ngepeyinti emhlophe, okwenyani, okwethutyana emhlophe umsebenzi wegcisa elimnyama. Umzobo wabuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye wabuyela kumboniso. Ubuncinane unyaka emva komboniso, mhlawumbi ezimbini, INgcwele iNtombikazi enguMariya wawungoyena mntu udumileyo-okanye odumileyo, kuxhomekeke kwimbono yakho-umsebenzi wobugcisa beli xesha emhlabeni. Impikiswano eshushu eyenziweyo yagqitha kwaleyo ifoto kaAndres Serrano Piss Kristu , eyathi yacaphukisa uluntu ngokuqala kwayo ukuvela ngo-1987.
Namhlanje, umzobo ubonakala uzolile kwaye uziphethe kakuhle kutyelelo lokubuyela eNew York; INgcwele iNtombikazi enguMariya ibonakala njengombala oqaqambileyo, omnandi kuMariya kunye nembali ende yomfanekiso wakhe. Ithatha indawo yayo kwigalari ezaliswe yimizobo emangazayo yexesha likaChris Ofili: Ubusuku neMini, uphononongo olumangalisayo lwaphakathi kwexesha lomsebenzi wepeyinti yomzobi, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nephepha elibonwayo kwiMyuziyam eNtsha ukuya kuJanuwari 25, 2015.
Uzalelwe eManchester, eNgilane, ngo-1968, ngabazali baseNigeria, u-Ofili wayengumKatolika ngexesha wayesenza lo msebenzi, kwaye akukho nto ithoba isidima ngalo mntu ubalaseleyo. Inomtsalane kwindalo iphela njengothixokazi womhlaba, uphawu olunethemba lokuchuma kunye nokuba sempilweni. Unxibe isambatho esimhlophe esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye ujikelezwe yintsimi ekhazimlayo yegolide nephuzi, ujongene nembonakalo ye icon yaseByzantine, nangona i-funky, i-twist-to-date.
Kufutshane umntu uyabona ukuba umphezulu we-gilt, owenziwe ngamanqanaba ashinyeneyo epeyinti kunye nokuhonjiswa, uyenziwa zizinto ezincinci ezifakwe iikhola: iziqwengana zeefoto zamalungu obufazi kunye neempundu ezithathwe kwiimagazini, kubhekiswa kwindima yomntu njengothixokazi wenzala. Okuncanyathiselwe ngelaphu ebeleni lasekunene yibhola enobuhlalu kunye nobulongwe bendlovu — into ebanjwe ingcwele kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika njengomfuziselo wokukhula nokuzalwa ngokutsha. Iibhola ezimbini ezihonjiswe ngokufanayo ngobulongwe, iisentimitha ezininzi ubukhulu, zibekwe phantsi, zinceda ukuxhasa i-canvas enkulu, engaxhonywanga, kodwa ixhomekeke eludongeni.
Ukuhamba neMadonna egumbini yimisebenzi eli-11 ehambelana nexesha, ngokufanayo ngobukhulu (96 ngama-intshi angama-72) kunye nefomathi efanayo. Zonke zibonisa ubutyebi obugqithisileyo ngombala kunye nokuhonjiswa, ngemizobo ebalaseleyo yesibindi, imifanekiso yekhathuni eneempawu ezingamanyala. Kubalasele phakathi kwabo Imfene Yobugqi — Isini, Imali Neziyobisi ( 1999), ebonisa inkawu enesitayile embindini enomsila omde, ojika phezulu. Kuxhonywe ngasemva ziipatheni zamachaphaza amibalabala aphuma kwinkawu. I-motif yamachaphaza ikhumbula indawo okanye imizobo yamayeza ngomntu owayesebenza naye kwi-YBA ye-YBA uDamien Hirst. Imizobo eyaziwayo kaChris Ofili kule galari, njenge UFoxy Roxy (1997) kunye Umoya oze weCaptain Shit kunye neNtsomi yeenkwenkwezi eziMnyama (2000-01), jonga njengokutsha, ukuthandana nokuvuselela inkanuko njengangaphambili. Igama elingenasihloko (Ukukhutshwa , 1995-2005, nguChris Ofili. (Ngokunyanisekileyo umculi noDavid Zwirner)
Ukuzilolonga kweendwendwe kugcinwa kwenye indawo ebusuku nasemini, neyayiququzelelwe ngumlawuli wezobugcisa obutsha kunye nomlondolozi uMassimiliano Gioni, ngokusebenzisana nomncedisi womgcini uMargot Norton. Kwigalari enye, uMnumzana u-Ofili wenze indawo emnyama ukwenza umboniso wepeyinti yakhe enkulu, ekufutshane ne-monochrome yeBlue Rider. Waqala uthotho emva kokufudusa istudiyo sakhe esivela eLondon esiya eTrinidad ngo-2005. Kudliwanondlebe, uthelekisa amathoni amnyama aluhlaza kolu ngcelele nesibhakabhaka esingaqondakaliyo sesiqithi seCaribbean. Ukubuyela kwinqanaba elithile iRothko Chapel eHouston, indawo kaMnu. Ofili kulo mboniso inomoya othuleyo, wokucamngca.
Iibhentshi zibonelelwa ngabahambi bemyuziyam ukuba bacamngce ngemijikelezo emikhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-8-nge-6 yeenyawo). kodwa, okuhlekisayo kukuba, zibonwa kakuhle ukuba umntu uhambahamba egumbini. Utshintsho kukhanyiso oluthotyelweyo lukhanyisa umahluko ocashileyo kumbala nakumphezulu. Ngesiquphe, kuvela iziqwenga zemifanekiso — imizobo nemiboniso ephazamisayo neyenza umdla ngoko nangoko. Kwikhathalogu ebalaseleyo yalo mboniso, umzobi uGlenn Ligon ucacisa ukuba la manani abhekisa kwiidemon eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zaseParamin, idolophu esezintabeni emantla ePort of Spain, apho kuhlala khona u-Ofili. Ngexesha leCarnival, abahlali baseParamin bagubungela ulusu kunye nezambatho zabo kumgubo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimibhiyozo yangaphambi kwexesha.
Impembelelo yeTrinidad kubugcisa bukaMnumzana u-Ofili, ngokubhekisele kukukhanya, umbala kunye nezinto ezingaqhelekanga, kubonakala kwimizekelo yakutshanje ekubonisweni kumdlalo. Ngomnye wemiboniso eyonwabisayo, wazipeyinta zonke iindonga zegalari eneefom zezityalo ezenziwe ngesitayile kwimibala eqaqambileyo emfusa. Ngokuchasene nale mva, Mnu.Ofili waxhoma uthotho lwee-canvases ezinkulu nezifundo ezisekwe kwiintsomi ezivela e-Ovid.
Kuyancomeka kwaye kuyonwabisa ukubona igcisa liguquka ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga, kwaye le mizobo ibonisa ukumka okukhulu kuye ngokwesimbo kunye nendlela. Ubungqongqo bemifanekiso, ibrashi edlamkileyo kunye nombala odlamkileyo uhlala uhleli, kodwa ayisekho into ebengezelayo — kunye neebhola zobulongo — eziboniswe kwimizobo yakhe yangaphambili. Ngokwesitayile, kwaye ngokwendlela yobugcisa, imisebenzi yakutshanje ibonakalisa ukuthelekiswa nemizobo yomhlobo wakhe waseTrinidad kunye nommelwane uPeter Doig. Nangona kunjalo,
umfanekiso wakhe-on-surrealist-tinged kunye ne-up-tempo jazz-ephefumlelweyo-wahluke kakhulu kuMnu Doig's melancholy scenes.
Elinye igalari inezinto ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo ngaphakathi kweReach Reach, umboniso ongenakulibaleka womculi eVenice Biennale ngo-2003, xa wayemele iGreat Britain. Umxholo we-Afrocentric kule misebenzi ugxile kwiingcinga zothando lwabamnyama nenkululeko, kunye nengcinga kaMarcus Garvey ye-Afrika njengeparadesi. Umnumzana u-Ofili ukuthintele ukusebenzisa kwakhe umbala kolu ngcelele kulowo wenkokheli yezopolitiko yaseJamaican ye-Universal Negro Improvement Association Flag: obomvu, omnyama nohlaza. Kwiphaneli yaseVenice, igcisa lenze indawo enentloko ukubonisa le mizobo, kusetyenziswa amacebo okucoca isibhakabhaka ngombala obomvu noluhlaza. KwiMyuziyam eNtsha, kuyonwabisa ukubona ukuba imisebenzi ikhanyisiwe ngakumbi kwindibano, ngaphandle kokugqwetha imibala yokwenene yemizobo, emihle. Imifanekiso yeHallucinogenic yezibini ezidityanisiweyo kuseto oluhlaza, kubume obufana Afronirvana (2002) kunye Inkangeleko yeAfro (2002-03) zinamandla ngakumbi ngoku.
Ukuphela kokuphoxeka kumboniso yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo emine. Umbono kunye nokuziva okukhethekileyo kukaMnumzana u-Ofili kubonakala ngathi akuguquki kakuhle kube kumanqanaba amathathu. Baswele amandla kunye nokuqala kwemizobo, kwaye babonakala ngathi banezinto ezingathandekiyo zezifundo zala maxesha.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba umnumzana u-Ofili angabukela into eza kwenziwa. Okwangoku, njengoko lo mboniso ungqina, nanjengoko abanye abagxeki beqwalasele, uChris Ofili ngokugxothayo bonke abagxeki. Umsebenzi wakhe, oqhubekayo ovusa inkanuko njengoko kumnandi ukuwubona, ukhokelela kwimizobo yokuya kwiindawo ezintsha.n
