Abafundi besikolo iFrazier International Magnet School balinda ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikolo ngoSeptemba 19, 2012 eChicago, eIllinois.Ifoto nguScott Olson / Getty Izithombe Enye yemicimbi yezopolitiko enkulu ye-2018 iya kuba umgaqo-nkqubo wezemfundo , kwaye amanqaku ovavanyo lwamazwe aphesheya eMelika asebenza njengobungqina besidingo sokutshintsha. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sikhawuleze siye kwelinye ilinge lokuphinda senze izikolo zethu, kufuneka siqonde ukuba abafundi bethu baqhuba njani xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe kunye nento ekufuneka sigxile kuyo ukuze sincede abantwana baphumelele.
Bathini Abagxeki
Ukuhlaselwa okutsha kokusebenza kwabafundi baseMelika kuye kwavela kuzo zombini inkululeko kunye nolondolozo. Ezi zikhuthazwa libhetri yeemvavanyo zamazwe aphela ezithelekisa abafundi baseMelika kunye nabo bakumbutho woBambiswano lwezoQoqosho noPhuhliso (i-OECD) amazwe, kunye namazwe aliqela aseMpuma Asia kunye nezixeko. Iziphumo zibonakala zibonisa iMelika isilela ngasemva kwizifundo eziphambili.
Siphosa imali eninzi kwizikolo zethu ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na ilizwe, kwaye sifumana ntoni? Kwinkqubo yethu yesikolo i-K-12, ubulungu obubekekileyo kwihlabathi lesithathu, ubhala UNjingalwazi F. H. Buckley kwikholamu yeendaba yeFox News. UBuckley, ofundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorge Mason, wongeze wathi, Kungekudala, besinenkqubo ebalaseleyo yezikolo zikarhulumente, kodwa ngoku silandela uninzi lwamazwe. Kwimathematika, sineminyaka engama-38thkwihlabathi phakathi kwamazwe ahambele phambili ngokwendlela abenza ngayo abantwana abaneminyaka eli-15. Kwaye kuya kusiba kubi, kungangcono.
Akayedwa. Abagxeki kwimbonakalo yeembono bayichasile imfundo yase-US. Kwaye uNobhala wezeMfundo ka-Obama u-Arne Duncan uhlasele ukusebenza kwabafundi baseMelika kwiimvavanyo zamanye amazwe, nanjengoko amanqanaba okuphumelela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo enyukele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kumashumi eminyaka.
Kulwazi olusekwe kulwazi, kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, apho imfundo ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili, kokubini kwimpumelelo yomntu kunye nokuchuma okuhlangeneyo, abafundi bethu baphulukana nomhlaba, uDuncan utshilo . Sibaleka endaweni, njengoko amanye amazwe aqhuba kakuhle eqala ukusibetha. Inyani enzima yeyokuba i-US ayikho phakathi kwezona zizwe ziqhuba kakuhle kwi-OECD nakwesiphi na isifundo esivavanywe yi-PISA, wongeze watsho.
Imiba emibini ize engqondweni nolu hlalutyo. Okokuqala, inkqubo yezikolo zikarhulumente zaseMelika ibisoloko iyinkwenkwe ejijekayo kwezopolitiko nakumajelo eendaba; ayizange ibonwe intle, nokuba ibiyiyo. Okwesibini, lixesha lokusebenzisa ezinye zezibalo abafundi bethu ekucingelwa ukuba bayasokola nazo.
Senza Njani Ngokwenene
Amanqaku ovavanyo lwamazwe aphesheya awafani nebhola ekholejini okanye ibhola yebhasikithi, apho amanani kwizikhundla zibalulekile ukuze amaqela ambalwa anokukhethwa kwimidlalo yesitya okanye kwiitumente.
Ukusekwa ngokusekwe kuvavanyo lwamazwe aphesheya kulula ukuyiqonda-kodwa kunokulahlekisa, ubhala U-Louis Serino kunye neZiko i-Brookings. Ngelixa abaphandi behlala benentloni ekusebenziseni isikhundla kuhlalutyo olunzulu lwamanani ovavanyo, banokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwincoko yezopolitiko, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umgaqo-nkqubo wezemfundo. Amajelo osasazo ahlala ethatha olu luhlu kwaye alusebenzise kwiintloko okanye ukulunywa kwesandi, ukubonelela ngemeko encinci kunye nokuqhubela phambili ingxoxo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezemfundo enokuthi ilahlekise rhoqo.
Benza njani ke abafundi baseMelika? Njengoko ingxelo yeBrookings ityhila, amanqaku eMelika kuvavanyo lwe-PISA (Inkqubo yoVavanyo lwaBafundi lwaMazwe ngaMazwe) ahlala ethe tyaba ukusuka ngo-2000 ukuya ku-2014, kodwa idatha evela kutshanje kwi-TIMSS (iTrends kwiMathematics yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye noVavanyo lweNzululwazi) ngo-2015 ibonisa ukuba amaMelika awona manqaku aphezulu kwimbali yeminyaka engama-20 yovavanyo lwase-US. Umntu uyazibuza ukuba kutheni loo nto ingakhange ixelwe ngokubanzi.
Ngokumalunga namanqaku aphesheya, kufuneka sisebenzise amanyathelo ngokubaluleka kweenkcukacha-manani, hayi inkqubo yenqanaba lokuma. Uhlalutyo olufanelekileyo luzoba umfanekiso owahlukileyo apho iMelika iphakathi. Phakathi kwamazwe angama-69 aphezulu avavanywe kwizinga le-PISA ekufundeni, siphambili kuma-42 ekufundeni nasezibophelelweni ngokwezibalo kunye namanye ama-13, sifaka amanqaku kuphela emva kwamazwe ali-14. Xa kuziwa kwi-PISA math kunye nesayensi, amanani asezantsi. Kwimathematika, sihamba phambili kwe-28, siboshwe ezintlanu, kwaye emva kwe-36. Inzululwazi ingcono kangcono; iUSA ingaphambi kwama-39, ibotshiwe nge-12, kwaye ngasemva kwamazwe ali-18.
Ukanti la manqaku e-TIMSS, ajonge kwizibalo nakwisayensi, ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezingcono zabafundi baseMelika . Abafundi bebanga lethu lesine bangaphambi kwama-34 kwimathematika, babotshwe nge-9, nangasemva kwe-10, ngelixa befumana amanqaku angama-38 kwinzululwazi, bedibanisa nabasixhenxe, kwaye bebeka ngasemva kwabasixhenxe. Kubafundi bebanga lethu lesibhozo, linamanqaku afanayo: bangaphambi kwamazwe angama-24 kwimathematics, aboshwe nge-11, nangemva kwesibhozo. Kwinzululwazi, abafundi bebanga lesibhozo baseMelika baphambi kwamazwe angama-26, abotshwe anesithoba, nangasemva kwasixhenxe. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayiloLizwe lesiThathu; akusondele. Amanqaku e-PISA asondele kwi-20 ephezulu yokufunda kunye nesayensi, kunye namanqaku e-TIMSS kwizibalo nakwisayensi abonisa iziphumo eziphezulu ze-10.
Ukusebenzisa isikweko semidlalo kwezi mvavanyo zamazwe aphesheya, i-U.S ikwi-playoffs, kodwa ayiloqela elineembewu ephezulu. Ezo ziphumo zokwenyani ziluncedo ukwazi xa usenza isigqibo sokuba uyayiqhushumisa i-franchise kwaye uqale kuyo yonke okanye wakhe kwimpumelelo yangaphambili yokwenza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko ukuze lube lolona luhle.
Into esinokuyenza kwiNguqu yoFundo
Njengoko iziphumo zibonisa, abafundi baseMelika ngokuqinisekileyo ababi mbi njengee-pundits kunye nezopolitiko ezenza kubonakale ngathi. Kodwa abantu baseMelika bathanda ukuba lilungu lokuqala, ke umbuzo ngulo, silunge njani?
Ukuchitha imali eninzi kwimfundo kunokubonakala njengesicombululo. Abagxeki bathi iMelika ichitha eyona mali ininzi kwimfundo, kodwa i-United States inyani isihlanu kwinkcitho ngomfundi ngamnye, ngoku ka IAtlantic , kwaye olo hlalutyo lwenziwa phambi kwamaza okusika kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lukazwelonke nelikarhulumente. Ukongeza, i-U.S. Ijika ngasemva phantse kwawo onke amazwe aphuhlileyo emhlabeni xa kufikwa kumba wokufikelela kwizikolo zamabanga aphezulu, utshilo uKris Perry, umlawuli olawulayo weFirst Five Years Fund, kwinqaku le-USNWR . Indlela esetyenziswa ngayo imali ibalulekile.
Ezinye izizwe eziqhuba kakuhle, ezinje ngeJapan, iSwitzerland, iFinland nePoland, [American Federation for Teachers leader Randi] Weingarten amabango, bayayihlonipha imfundo yoluntu kwaye basebenzela ukunika ootitshala izixhobo abazidingayo ukuqinisekisa abafundi, ngakumbi abo banolwazi olukhulu iimfuno, baphumelele eklasini, Ubhala uAllie Bidwell .
Enye indlela yokuphucula imfundo inokuba sele yenziwe ngo-2015, unyaka wokugqibela wedatha yovavanyo yamanye amazwe. Umthetho i-No Child Left Behind Act (i-NCLB) -uthiyiwe ngabafundi, ootitshala kunye nabazali abaninzi ngenxa yokufundisa ngokungakhathali kuvavanyo lwengqondo-ithathelwe indawo. Kwaye ngelixa i-NCLB inokuba isebenze ekuvaleni izikolo, ayenzi nto encinci ukunika izikolo izixhobo zokuphumelela.
Emva kokuba ndifundise ikharityhulam yezifundo zentlalo kwizifundo zemfundo ephakamileyo kwikholeji, ndiye ndafumanisa ukuba abaninzi balindele ukwenza imali encinci kwaye bazive ukuba ubuchwephesha babo bayagculelwa luluntu, ngamanye amaxesha bahlekiswa ngabaphetheyo kwezinye iinkalo. Bathathe isigqibo sokulandela olu bizo ngaphandle kwale miqobo. Nokuba silungiselela aba bazakuba ngootitshala kuvavanyo lwemigangatho yaseGeorgia, ndiyabakhuthaza ukuba bangazibambi ngentloko, kodwa baphuhlise izicwangciso zezifundo ezinokunceda abafundi babo ukuba bakhumbule imathiriyeli ngeziphumo ezilungileyo.
UNjingalwazi Buckley, ingcali kwezemfundo uDiane Ravitch, nabanye bathethe ngendlela izikolo zabucala ezinokudlala indima enkulu ngayo kwisisombululo. Kwaye banyanisile. Nokuba eWest Georgia, apho ndihlala khona, ingingqi ichitha kakhulu ekwakheni izikolo ezikhulu, nanjengoko amaziko abucala angenzi nzuzo enendawo enokuzaliswa kukwanda kwabafundi ngenxalenye yeendleko zokwakha.
Izikolo zabucala, ezazikho ukhululiwe ukusuka ekuthandweni kwe-maniacal kuvavanyo (ngokwe-Ravitch), babenako ukwamkela ubuchule obufunwa ngabafundi ukuze baphumelele kwimarike yehlabathi, ethe kratya malunga nokuyila izinto ezintsha kunye nokucinga ngokukhululekileyo kunokukhumbula izinto ezinokufikeleleka ngokulula ngekhompyuter. Kwaye kuvavanywa kubonakalisa okungaphezulu kokugqibela kunangaphambili.
Thatha imeko yaseSingapore, inkokeli yamanye amazwe ekuthathweni kovavanyo. Ukanti nomphathiswa wezemfundo yamkelwe ngelixa abafundi babo bevavanya iimvavanyo zamanye amazwe, bayasokola ukuvelisa iingcali zezibalo, izazinzulu, oosomashishini kunye nezifundiswa. Melika yitalente yokufaneleka, eyethu yimeko efanelekileyo yoviwo. Kukho iindawo ezithile zobukrelekrele esingakwaziyo ukuzivavanya kakuhle, njengobuchule bokuyila, ukwazi, imo yolonwabo, amabhongo. Uninzi lwazo zonke, iMelika inenkcubeko yokufunda ecela umngeni kubulumko obuqhelekileyo, nokuba oko kuthetha ukuba ngumngeni kwigunya. Ezi ziindawo apho iSingapore kufuneka ifunde eMelika. Kwaye lo mkhwa usaqhubeka nanamhlanje, njengoko abafundi baseSingapore bethathwa njengoomatshini bokufunda kodwa ingengabo abavelisi, ngokwe Amaxesha ezeMali .
IMelika kufuneka izibuze ukuba ifuna ukuphumelela phi? Ngaba sifuna awona manqaku aphezulu ovavanyo kwihlabathi okanye isizukulwana seenkokheli kwezamashishini, izibalo, isayensi, izifundiswa kunye nobugcisa?
Ngokubhekisele koku kutsaleleka kumgaqo-siseko kunye nezikolo zabucala, kufuneka sijonge ukuba sifuna ntoni kula maziko. Ukuba sisizathu nje sokutshabalalisa imibutho yootitshala, akunakulindeleka ukuba bancede abafundi baseMelika baphumelele. Ukuba imalunga nokunika ootitshala inkululeko yokusebenzisa imfundiso emitsha kunye nokubandakanya abafundi ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokufunda, endaweni yokwenza izinto zokukhumbula ngentloko, emva koko sinokuvelisa ezo nkokeli zivela kwigumbi lokufundela, kwaye ngekhe ibenzakalise ezo mvavanyo zamanye amazwe sizenzayo izandla zethu ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu.
UJohn A. Tures nguprofesa wesayensi yezopolitiko eLaGrange College eLaGrange, eGeorgia. Unokufikeleleka kuye jtures@lagrange.edu . Iakhawunti yakhe ye-Twitter nguJohnTures2.
