URoss Perot.UArnold Sachs / Iindaba eziHlanganisiweyo zeFoto / imifanekiso kaFetty Xa u-Ross Perot owayesele efile esenza u-politiki ngo-1990, kwavula indlela yokuba usomashishini angabinamava kunyulo aphumelele ubongameli. Ukongeza kokuzibophelela kwiQela eliHlaziyiweyo, imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yezoqoqosho, ubuntu kunye nokukwazi ukusika imithombo yeendaba njengomntu ophakathi kunye nokuthetha ngokuthe ngqo kuluntu kubonisa ukuba i-Texan yenza njani ukuba kugqitywe uDonald Trump, kunye nokuphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, uTrump ukwabonisa ukuba angafunda kuPerot.
Kumashumi amabini eminyaka ngaphambi ko-1996, ndadibana okokuqala noPerot. Wayesandula ukugqiba ukuthetha kwiholo yeYunivesithi yaseFlorida State, eyayigcwele yonk 'into, kwaye yenze umbono omkhulu kubavoti abancinci. Ndaye ndaya kwigumbi lokuphuphuma, apho abahlobo babebukele kwelinye iholo kumabonwakude, ndinqwenela ukumbona ngesiqu.
Njengoko ndavula umnyango kuloo holo, ndajika ndaza ndabona uPerot. Bendibambe ucango ndimvulela. Ndolule isandla ndamxhawula. Omnye wabasebenzi bakhe, ekhwankqisiwe, uthe, Uxhawule nje isandla sakhe… akazange abambane ngesandla. U-Perot emva koko wanikela intetho engacacanga kwisihlwele esinoxabiso abanokuthi ngoku bambonile. Ndifunde izifundo ezibini: UPerot wayezimisele ukutshintsha, kwaye wayenengqondo ngokwaneleyo ukuba angandwendwela abo babengenalo ithamsanqa lokumbona kwasekuqaleni. Zombini ezi zizifundo abezopolitiko abanjengoHillary Clinton abangazange babonakale ngathi bayazifunda.
Izifundo ezivela eTexas Maverick
Xa i-CEO ye-EDS yangaphambili (i-Elektroniki yeNkqubo yeDatha) kunye ne-Perot Systems yabhengeza ukuba ngumgqatswa, abantu baseMelika babethwaxwa kukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kwaqala ngo-1990. Irhuluneli yeDemocratic Arkansas, yayisaziwa ngcono ngamahlazo akhe kunemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe.
U-Perot uthathe umpu kwi Isivumelwano saseMntla Melika soRhwebo (NAFTA). Ukuyibiza ngokuba sisandi esikhulu somsebenzi ophuma e-United States usiya eMexico, i-Texan encinci yabetha chord. Kungenxa yokuba uBush noClinton bobabini baxhasa i-NAFTA, kwaye uPerot ubhenele kubathandi bezoqoqosho uPatrick Buchanan owayekhuphe kwiiprimary Party zeRiphabhlikhi kwaye babethontele kwiRhuluneli yaseCalifornia uJerry Brown ngexesha lomlo wokuchongwa kweDemocratic Party. Ngapha koko, uPerot iziswe kubacwangcisi be-GOP , NjengoEd Rollins ovela kumkhankaso kaRonald Reagan kunye noHamilton Jordan ovela kwiphulo likaJimmy Carter, kwigalelo leDemocratic Party.
U-Perot wayenomdla omncinci kwimfazwe eMbindi Mpuma , umahluko ocacileyo kuBush, ngelixa uClinton wahlala ethe cwaka, ngethemba lokuba akukho mntu uza kuphakamisa umnqweno wakhe wokuphepha ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yaseVietnam. Kwaye wayechasene kakhulu neshishini njengesiqhelo, ngaphandle kokuzisa iingcali ezivela kuwo omabini amaqela. Kwakuyimvakalelo yokuchasa, kwaye uPerot wayengumxhamli.
Ngokucacileyo, uTrump ukwazile ukucofa imeko yePerot. Uninzi lwabaxhasi bakhe ngabavoti abadala abakhumbula kakuhle uPerot. Uye wakwazi ukudlala uqoqosho oluthandayo, ekhankasela i-NAFTA, kodwa kunye nentengiso yasimahla ngokubanzi, kunye nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, eyayingumbandela owenziwa nguPat Buchanan ngo-1992. Kwaye ukuma kukaTrump eSyria, North Korea nase-Iran kubonisa ukuba Incinci kakhulu inzondelelo yeRiphabhlikhi yendabuko, kunye ne-hawkish Democrat, emfazweni.
I-Texan yezigidigidi ikhethe ukunqanda imithombo yeendaba yokuthandabuza ukufumana amanqaku ayo ebantwini. Ngelixa uTrump eneakhawunti yakhe ye-Twitter, I-Perot yaziwa ngokuba nesitayile sokungenisa imali Iindawo zikamabonakude apho asebenzise iigrafu ezilula kunye neetshathi ukucacisa umyalezo wakhe kubantu baseMelika, ngaphandle kweentatheli okanye iingcali ezikhetha iingxoxo zakhe. Iintetho zakhe zazigxile kubaxhasi, kuthintelwa iinkomfa zosasazo ezithi ngokungathandabuzekiyo abaviwa bemveli babonakale bonwabile. Kwaye waphumelela ingxoxo yokuqala ngokuchasene noClinton noBush ngesandla, ephethe eyakhe kwezinye ezimbini.
Ke kutheni uPerot engazange aphumelele kunyulo lukamongameli?
Njani ukuba i-Perot ilahlekile ngamathuba i-Trump engazange iqhubeke
Ngokungafaniyo noTrump, uPerot wenza iimpazamo ezimbalwa ezamenza wangabinamdla. Ngelixa ebaleka kufutshane kugqatso lwamadoda amathathu, ngequbuliso uPerot wayeka ukhuphiswano njengoko uBill Clinton wayenyuka, enkosi kukhetho lobuhlakani lukaDemocrat kusekela mongameli (Al Gore), incwadi eneenkcukacha zezikhundla zakhe ( Ukubeka Abantu Phambili ) Oko kwabonisa into engaphezulu kwegrafu zikaPerot, kunye neflap malunga nokuba uPerot wasebenzisa abaphandi babucala ukulandela amalungu osapho lakwaBush.
U-Perot waphinda wangena kugqatso emva konyulo luka-1992, kodwa umonakalo wenziwe. Ufumene iipesenti ezingama-19 zevoti . Nangona engakhange aphumelele kwivoti enye kwiKholeji yoNyulo, ubungqina buveza ukuba kungenxa yokuba inkxaso yakhe yasasazeka kwilizwe liphela kwaye ayidityaniswanga kwindawo enye (njengoGeorge Wallace ngo-1968) okanye ilizwe elinye (njengabantu abathanda uqoqosho uRobert M. LaFollette ngo-1924). Ngo-1996, uPerot wahlala ethule, wagqiba iRhuluneli yaseColorado uDick Lamm kwi-Reform Party primaries emva kokukhala kweLamm. Walinda kwade kwahlwa Unyulo luka-1996 ukwenza ukutyhala kwakhe okukhulu kunye nokushiyeka kwiindawo zokuvota kunye nokubuyela kunyulo ngokunjalo.
UTrump waphantse wenza impazamo efanayo, weqa ingxoxo ye-Iowa Caucus ngo-2016 kwaye waphulukana noTed Cruz. Kodwa uTrump waphinde wabuya umlo emva nje koko kwaye wenza ngcono kakhulu eNew Hampshire nase Mzantsi Carolina, ngokungathandabuzekiyo egqiba uJeb Bush. Ngelixa uPerot ekhetha ukulinda unyulo ade agxume ekugqibeleni, uTrump wayeqhelekile ekulweleni ukutyunjwa, okanye ekukhathaleleni ibhidi yakhe yokukhetha kwakhona.
UPerot wayenokhetho olubi kubasekeli bakhe abongameli. Ngo-1992, wakhetha Umkhosi uJames Stockdale , Indoda elungileyo kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kwakukubi kakhulu kangangokuba igcinwe NgoMgqibelo ebusuku Izipeki zePerot naseStockdale njengezona zinto kuthethwa kakhulu ngazo. Ngo-1996, uPerot wakhetha u-brainy kodwa obalekayo wezoqoqosho Pat Ukukhetha , ozise okuncinci kwitikiti. Ukwenza uxolo noDick Lamm nokumfumana kwitikiti, okanye ukubeka omnye umgqatswa kwivoti elinamava onyulo kunye nengxoxo, bekuya kuba luncedo.
UTrump usenokungamthandi kakhulu uMike Pence, kodwa iqabane lakhe elibalekayo lalibalulekile ekuboniseni amava akhe ezomthetho (njengendibano ye-Indiana) kunye namava olawulo (njenge-rhuluneli yase-Indiana). Uninzi lwamaRiphabhlikhi ndiyabazi ababengakholelwa kumava kaTrump afudumele ePence. Irhuluneli yase-Indiana iphumelele kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kamongameli ngokuchasene neSenator yaseVirginia uTim Kaine ovela kwiDemocratic Party kwaye ubonakala ebheja elungileyo ukuhlala njenge-VP kaTrump ukuphinda akhethe kwakhona .
Ixilongo> iPerot
Ukuqukumbela, uTrump wakwazi ukuboleka kwimigaqo-nkqubo kaPerot ngokwenza ukubonwa ngabantu baseMelika, kugxilwe kurhwebo kunye nokuchasa iimfazwe ezibizayo. Kodwa itycoon yeshishini laseNew York yafunda ukutsiba kumdyarho kwangethuba, kwaye ixhonywe apho kude kube sekupheleni. Ukukhetha iqabane elinamava lokubaleka nako kuncede uTrump. Ezi zifundo zibalulekileyo ekufuneka aziwe nawuphina umgqatswa onesidima kwezopolitiko, ebaleka njengomntu wangaphandle, ecel'umngeni kwimeko yangoku.
UJohn A. Tures nguprofesa wesayensi yezopolitiko kwiKholeji yaseLaGrange eLaGrange, eGeorgia-funda ibali lakhe elipheleleyo apha.
