Indlela iTekhnoloji eziThimba ngayo iiNgqondo zaBantu-Ukusuka kwiMagic kunye neGoogle's Design Ethicist

Ndiyingcali yendlela itekhnoloji ekuphanga ngayo ukuba semngciphekweni kwengqondo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndichithe iminyaka emithathu edlulileyo njenge-Design Ethicist kuGoogle ndikhathalele ngendlela yokuyila izinto ngendlela ekhusela iingqondo zabantu abaliwaka lezigidi ekuthinjweni.

Xa usebenzisa itekhnoloji, sihlala sigxila ngokuqinisekileyo kuzo zonke izinto esenzela zona. Kodwa ndifuna ukukubonisa apho inokwenza ngokuchaseneyo.

Itekhnoloji ibusebenzisa phi ubuthathaka beengqondo zethu ?

Ndafunda ukucinga ngale ndlela xa ndandisenza umlingo. Amagqirha aqala ngokukhangela amabala angaboniyo, imiphetho, ukuba semngciphekweni kunye imida yokucinga kwabantu, ukuze babe nefuthe kwinto eyenziwa ngabantu ngaphandle kwabo nokuyiqonda. Nje ukuba wazi ukutyhala amaqhosha abantu, ungawadlala njengepiyano.

Yiloo nto ndenza umdlalo wobugcisa bomlingo kwitheko lokuzalwa likamama(Ifoto yombhali)

Kwaye yile nto abayili bemveliso abayenzayo engqondweni yakho. Badlala ukuba semngciphekweni kwakho ngokwasengqondweni (besazi kwaye bengazi) ngokuchasene nawe kugqatso lokubamba ingqalelo yakho.

Ndifuna ukukubonisa indlela abenza ngayo.

I-hijack # 1: Ukuba ulawula imenyu, ulawula ukhetho

Ukukhetha umda ekukhetheni(Ifoto yombhali)

Inkcubeko yaseNtshona yakhiwe ngokujikeleza iinjongo zokukhetha kunye nenkululeko. Izigidi zethu zilikhusela ngokuqatha ilungelo lethu lokuzikhethela simahla, ngelixa sityeshela indlela olo khetho olulawulwa ngayo ngakwimenyu esingakhange siyikhethe kwasekuqaleni.

Yile nto kanye ayenziwayo amagqirha. Banika abantu inkohliso yokhetho olukhululekileyo ngelixa uyila imenyu ukuze baphumelele, nokuba ukhetha ntoni. Andikwazi ukugxininisa ngokwaneleyo ukuba bunzulu kangakanani obu bulumko.

Xa abantu benikwa imenyu yokukhetha, kunqabile ukuba babuze:

• yintoni engekho kwimenyu?
• kutheni ndinikwa olu khetho hayi abanye?
• Ngaba ndiyazazi iinjongo zomboneleli weemenyu?
• yile menyu ukuxhobisa kwimfuno yam yoqobo, okanye ngaba ukhetho luyinyani? (umz. uluhlu olunqabileyo lweentlobo zezinyo)

Umzekelo, cinga ukuba uphume nabahlobo ngobusuku bangoLwesibini kwaye ufuna ukugcina incoko iqhubeka. Uvula iYelp ukufumana iingcebiso ezikufutshane kwaye ubone uluhlu lweebhari. Iqela lijika libe yingxokolo yobuso ejonge ezantsi kwiifowuni zabo ukuthelekisa imivalo. Bajonge iifoto nganye nganye, bethelekisa iziselo ze-cocktail. Ngaba le menyu isasebenza kwiminqweno yokuqala yeqela?

Ayisiyo eyokuba imivalo ayilulo ukhetho olufanelekileyo, kukuba iYelp ithathe indawo yombuzo wokuqala weqela (singaya phi ukuze siqhubeke sithetha?) Ngombuzo owahlukileyo (ithini ibha eneefoto ezintle zee-cocktails?) Konke ngokwenza imenyu.

Ngapha koko, iqela liwela kwinkohliso yokuba imenyu yeYelp imele a uluhlu olupheleleyo lokhetho nokuba uyaphi. Ngelixa bejonge ezantsi kwiifowuni zabo, ababoni ipaki engaphaya kwesitrato kunye neqela elidlala umculo odlalayo. Baphoswa yigalari ezivelelayoyo kwelinye icala lesitalato abakhonza i-crepes kunye nekofu. Akukho nalawo uvela kwimenyu yeYelp.

I-Yelp ngobuqili iphinda ihlaziye isidingo seqela apho singaya khona ukuze siqhubeke nokuthetha? ngokweefoto zecocktails ezinikezelweyo.(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Okukhona ukhetho lwetekhnoloji lusinika phantse kuyo yonke imimandla yobomi bethu (ulwazi, iminyhadala, iindawo zokuya, izihlobo, ukuthandana, imisebenzi) - kokukhona sicinga ukuba ifowuni yethu isoloko iyeyona menyu inika amandla kwaye iluncedo ekukhetheni kuyo . Injalo?

Eyona menyu inika amandla yahlukile kwimenyu enokhetho oluninzi . Kodwa xa sinikezela ngokungaboni kwiimenyu esizinikiweyo, kulula ukulahla umkhondo ngomahluko:

• Ngubani okhululekileyo ngokuhlwanje ukuxhoma? iba yimenyu ye uninzi lwabantu abasandula ukusibhalela (ngubani esinokumkhonkotha).
• Kwenzeka ntoni ehlabathini? iba yimenyu yamabali okondla iindaba.
• Ngubani ongatshatanga ukuya kumhla? iba yimenyu yobuso ukuswayipha kwiTinder (endaweni yeziganeko zasekhaya kunye nabahlobo, okanye iidolophu ezikufuphi).
• Kuya kufuneka ndiphendule kule imeyile. iba yimenyu ye Ukuchwetheza impendulo (endaweni yokuxhobisa ngeendlela zokunxibelelana nomntu).

I-Yelp ngobuqili iphinda ihlaziye isidingo seqela apho singaya khona ukuze siqhubeke nokuthetha? ngokweefoto zecocktails ezinikezelweyo.(Ifoto yombhali)

Xa sivuka kusasa kwaye sijika ifowuni yethu ukuze sibone uluhlu lwezaziso-lubeka amava okuvuka ekuseni ujikeleze imenyu yazo zonke izinto endiziphosileyo ukusukela izolo. (ngeminye imizekelo, yabona Incoko kaJoe Edelman yokuXhobisa )

Uluhlu lwezaziso xa sivuka kusasa-luxhobisa njani le menyu yokhetho xa sivuka? Ngaba ibonisa oko sikukhathaleleyo? (ivela kuJoe Edelman's Empowering Design Talk)(Ifoto: Tristan Harris)

Ngokwenza iimenyu esizikhethileyo, itekhnoloji ithimba ngendlela esiqonda ngayo ukhetho lwethu kwaye siyitshintsha size sithathe indawo entsha. Kodwa okukhona sinikela ingqalelo kukhetho esinikwe lona, ​​kokukhona siya kuqaphela xa zingangqinelani neemfuno zethu zokwenyani.

Ukuqweqwedisa # 2: Beka uMatshini wokuSebenzisa kwiipokotho zeebhiliyoni

Ukuba uyi-app, ubagcina njani abantu bebambekile? Ziphendulele kumatshini wokufaka.

Umntu ophakathi ujonga ifowuni yakhe izihlandlo ezili-150 ngemini. Kutheni sisenza oku? Ngaba senza 150 Uyazi ukhetho ?

Ujonga rhoqo i-imeyile yakho ngosuku?(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba kutheni # 1 isithako sezengqondo koomatshini bokufaka: umvuzo okwahluka okwexeshana .

Ukuba ufuna ukwandisa ubukhoboka, bonke abayili bezobuchwephesha kufuneka bayenze ukudibanisa isenzo somsebenzisi (njengokutsala i-lever) nge umvuzo oguqukayo . Utsala i-lever kwaye kwangoko ufumane umvuzo ohendayo (umdlalo, ibhaso!) Okanye akukho kwanto. Iziyobisi zandiswa xa inqanaba lomvuzo lahluka kakhulu.

Ngaba oku kusebenza ngokwenene ebantwini? Ewe. Oomatshini bokungcakaza benza imali eninzi eUnited States kunebaseball, iimuvi, kunye neepaki zemixholo zidityanisiwe . Ngokumalunga nolunye uhlobo lokungcakaza, abantu bazibandakanya 'ngengxaki' koomatshini bokungcakaza 3-4x ngokukhawuleza ngokukaNjingalwazi we-NYU uNatasha Dow Schull, umbhali we Iziyobisi ngoYilo.

Kodwa nantsi inyani ngelishwa - abantu abaliibhiliyoni ezininzi banomatshini wokufaka imali epokothweni:

• Xa sikhupha ifowuni epokothweni, sikhona ukudlala umatshini wokubeka ukubona ukuba zeziphi izaziso esizifumeneyo.
• Xa sitsala ukuvuselela i-imeyile yethu, sinjalo ukudlala umatshini wokubeka ukubona ukuba yeyiphi i-imeyile entsha esinayo.
• Xa siswayipha ezantsi ngomnwe wethu ukuskrolela ukutya kwe-Instagram, sinjalo ukudlala umatshini wokubeka ukubona ukuba yeyiphi ifoto elandelayo.
• Xa siswayipha ubuso ngasekhohlo / ngasekunene kwiifayile zokuthandana njengeTinder, sinjalo ukudlala umatshini wokubeka ukubona ukuba sinomdlalo.
• Xa sicofa i # yezaziso ezibomvu, sikhona ukudlala umatshini wokubeka kwinto engaphantsi.

Izaziso ezibomvu(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Iiapps kunye neewebhusayithi zifafaza imivuzo eyahlukeneyo phakathi kwazo zonke iimveliso zazo kuba zilungile kwishishini.

Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, oomatshini ekufakwa kuvela ngengozi. Umzekelo, akukho mbumba ukhohlakeleyo ngasemva yonke imeyile abo bakhetha ngabom ukuyenza ibe ngumatshini ekufakwa kuyo. Akukho mntu wenza inzuzo xa izigidi zijonga i-imeyile kwaye akukho nto ikhona. Akunjalo nabayili be-Apple kunye neGoogle ndifuna iifowuni ukusebenza njengoomatshini ekufakwa. Kwavela ngengozi.

Kodwa ngoku iinkampani ezinje ngeApple kunye noGoogle zinoxanduva lokunciphisa ezi ziphumo Ukuguqula umvuzo okwahluka okwethutyana ube likhoboka elincinci, elinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi noyilo olungcono. Umzekelo, banokubanika amandla abantu ukuba babeke amaxesha anokuqikelelwa emini okanye evekini xa befuna ukukhangela ii-slot zomatshini zokusebenza, kwaye ngokuchanekileyo bahlengahlengise xa kuthunyelwa imiyalezo emitsha ukuze ihambelane nala maxesha.

I-hijack # 3: Ukoyika Ukulahleka Into Ebalulekileyo (FOMSI)

Enye indlela ii -apps kunye neewebhusayithi eziqweqwedisa iingqondo zabantu kukukhupha i-1% ithuba lokulahleka into ebalulekileyo.

Ukuba ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba ndilijelo lolwazi olubalulekileyo, imiyalezo, ubuhlobo, okanye amathuba ezesondo anokubakho-kuya kuba nzima kuwe ukuba undicime, ungabhalisi, okanye ususe iakhawunti yakho- kuba (aha, ndiyaphumelela) uphoswe yinto ebalulekileyo:

• Oku kusigcina sibhalisile kwiileta zeendaba nasemva kokuba bengakhange bahambise izibonelelo zamva nje (kuthekani ukuba ndiphoswa sisibhengezo sexa elizayo?)
• Oku kusigcina sinobuhlobo nabantu esingakhange sithethe nabo kubudala (kuya kuthini ukuba ndiphose into ebalulekileyo kubo?)
• Oku kusigcina sitshintshisa ubuso kwiiapps ezithandanayo, nokuba asikaze sidibane naye nabani na okwethutyana (kuthekani ukuba ndiyayikhumbula loo nto umdlalo omnye oshushu Ngubani ondithandayo?)
• Oku kusigcina sisebenzisa imithombo yeendaba zentlalo (kuthekani ukuba ndiyaliphosa elo bali libalulekileyo leendaba okanye ndilele ngasemva kokuthethwa ngabahlobo bam?)

Kodwa ukuba sisondeza kolo loyiko, siya kufumanisa ukuba alunamda : siyakuhlala siphoswa yinto ebalulekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha xa siyeke ukusebenzisa into.

• Kukho amaxesha omlingo kuFacebook esiya kuwaphosa ngokungawasebenzisi iyure ye-6 (umzekelo, umhlobo wakudala otyelele idolophu ngoku ).
• Kukho amaxesha omlingo esiya kuwaphosa kwiTinder (umzekelo, iqabane lethu elithandanayo lothando) ngokungatshintshi umdlalo wethu wama-700.
• Kukho iminxeba engxamisekileyo esiza kuyiphosa ukuba asixhunyiwe kwi-24/7 .

Kodwa ukuhlala umzuzu kunye noloyiko lokulahleka into ayisiyiyo indlela esakhelwe ukuba siphile ngayo.

Kwaye kuyamangalisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, sakuba siyeke olo loyiko, sivuka ekukhohlisweni. Xa sikhupha iplagi ixesha elingaphezu kosuku, ungazibhalisi ezo zaziso, okanye uye ku Inkampu isisiseko -Inkxalabo esicinga ukuba ngekhe yenzeke.

Asikuphosi esingakuboniyo.

Ingcinga, ndiza kuthini ukuba ndiphose into ebalulekileyo? yenziwe kwangaphambi kokukhupha iplagi, ukungabhalisi, okanye ukucima - hayi emva. Khawufane ucinge ukuba ngaba iinkampani zobuchwephesha zikwamkele na oko, kwaye zisinceda ukuba siqhubeke nolwalamano lwethu nabahlobo kunye namashishini ngokwento esiyichazayo ixesha elichithwe kakuhle ngobomi bethu, endaweni yezinto esinokuphulukana nazo.

Ukuqweqwedisa # 4: Ukuvunywa kweNtlalo

Ngokulula enye yezona zinto zinokukholisa umntu anokuzifumana.(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Sonke sisengozini ukuvunywa kwentlalo . Isidingo sokuba ngabethu, ukuvunywa okanye ukwamkelwa ngoontanga bethu sesinye sezona zinto zisikhuthazayo ebantwini. Kodwa ngoku ukuvunywa kwethu kwezentlalo kusezandleni zeenkampani zobuchwephesha.

Xa ndimakishwa ngumhlobo wam uMarc, ndicinga ukuba wenza ukhetho lokuqonda ukundithega. Kodwa andiyiboni indlela inkampani efana ne-Facebook eyenze ngayo ukuba yenze oko kwasekuqaleni.

I-Facebook, i-Instagram okanye i-SnapChat inokusebenzisa ukuba abantu bamakwe kangakanani kwiifoto ngokucebisa ngokuzenzekelayo bonke ubuso babantu ekufuneka benziwe (umzekelo, ngokubonisa ibhokisi enesiqinisekiso sokucofa u-1, u-Tag Tristan kule foto?).

Ke xa uMarc endimaka, ngokwenene uphendula uluvo lukaFacebook, ungenzi ukhetho oluzimeleyo. Kodwa kukhetho loyilo olunje, I-Facebook ilawula ukuphindaphinda Kukangaphi izigidi zabantu zifumana ukwamkelwa kwezentlalo emgceni .

I-Facebook isebenzisa iingcebiso ezizenzekelayo ezinje ukwenza abantu ukuba bamake abantu abaninzi, benze izinto ezingaphandle kwezentlalo kunye nokuphazamiseka.(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Kwenzeka into efanayo xa sitshintsha ifoto yethu ephambili-u-Facebook uyazi ukuba ngumzuzu xa sikhona abasesichengeni sokwamkelwa luluntu : bacinga ntoni abahlobo bam ngale pic yam intsha? I-Facebook inokukubeka phezulu oku kwi-feed yeendaba, ke iyabambelela ixesha elide kunye nabahlobo abangakumbi abangathanda okanye bagqabaze ngayo. Qho xa beyithanda okanye bebeka izimvo ngayo, siza kutsalwa sibuyele umva.

Wonke umntu ngokungaphenduliyo uphendula kulwamkelo lwasentlalweni, kodwa uninzi lwabantu (ulutsha) lusengozini kulo kunabanye. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba bayili kangakanani abayili xa bexhaphaza obu bungozi.

I-hijack # 5: Ukubuyiswa kweNtlalontle (iTat-for-tat)

• Undenzela inceba - ndikutyala elinye ixesha elizayo.
• Uthi, enkosi- manditsho ukuba wamkelekile.
• Undithumelela i-imeyile- kukrwada ukungabuyeli kuwe.
• Undilandela - kukrwada ukungakulandeli emva. (ngakumbi ulutsha)

Singo sesichengeni Ukufuna ukubuyisela impawu zabanye . Kodwa njengakwimeko yokuVunywa kweNtlalontle, iinkampani zobuchwephesha ngoku zisebenzisa amaxesha amaninzi ukuba siyifumana.

Kwezinye iimeko, kwenzeka ngengozi. I-imeyile, ukuthumela imiyalezo kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo ziifektri zokwenza intlalontle . Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, iinkampani zisebenzisa obu bungozi ngenjongo.

I-LinkedIn ngoyena mntu ubonayo. I-LinkedIn ifuna abantu abaninzi ukudala uxanduva lwasentlalweni omnye komnye kangangoko, kuba ixesha ngalinye baphindaphinda (ngokwamkela unxibelelwano, ukuphendula umyalezo, okanye ukuxhasa umntu ukuba abuyele kwisakhono) kufuneka babuyele kwi-linkinin.com apho banakho yenza ukuba abantu bachithe ixesha elininzi.

Njengo-Facebook, i-LinkedIn isebenzisa i-asymmetry ekuboneni. Xa ufumana isimemo kumntu odibanisa, ucinga ukuba loo mntu wenza ukhetho lokuqonda ukukumema, xa enyanisweni, kunokwenzeka ngokungazi baphendule kuluhlu lwe-LinkedIn lwabafowunelwa abacetyiswayo. Ngamanye amagama, i-LinkedIn ijika eyakho iimpembelelo ezingekho zingqondweni (ukongeza umntu) kwizibophelelo ezintsha zentlalo ezizigidi zabantu abazive benyanzelekile ukuba bahlawule. Ngalo lonke elixa befumana isibonelelo ngexesha abantu abalichitha bekwenza.

I-LinkedIn isebenzisa i-asymmetry ekucingeni.(Ifoto: Tristan Harris)

Khawufane ucinge izigidi zabantu zinokuphazanyiswa ngolu hlobo imini yonke, zibaleka ngokungathi ziinkukhu zinqunyulwe iintloko, zibuyisana - zonke ziyilelwe ziinkampani ezifumana inzuzo kuyo.

Wamkelekile kumajelo asekuhlaleni.

Emva kokwamkela isibonelelo, i-LinkedIn isebenzisa ithuba lakho lokuphindisela ngokunika * abantu abane abongezelelweyo ukuze uvume ukubuya.(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Khawufane ucinge ukuba iinkampani zetekhnoloji zinoxanduva lokunciphisa ukubuyela ekuhlaleni. Okanye ukuba bekukho umbutho ozimeleyo omele iimfuno zoluntu-iqumrhu lezorhwebo okanye i-FDA yezobuchwephesha- ebeka iliso xa iinkampani zetekhnoloji zisisebenzisa gwenxa ezi zicalucalulo?

I-hijack # 6: Izitya ezingenasiphelo, iiFeedless Feeds, kunye ne-Autoplay

I-YouTube idlala ividiyo elandelayo emva kokubala(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Enye indlela yokuqweqwedisa abantu kukubagcina besitya izinto, nokuba sele bengasalambi.

Njani? Elula. Thatha amava abotshelelwe kwaye aphelile, kwaye uwuguqule ube yimpompo engenasiphelo oko kuyaqhubeka .

Uprofesa waseCornell uBrian Wansink ubonakalisile oku kwisifundo sakhe esibonisa ungaqhatha abantu ukuba baqhubeke besitya isuphu ngokubanika isitya esingenasiphelo ogcwalisa ngokuzenzekelayo njengoko besitya. Ngeebhotile ezingenasiphelo, abantu batya iipesenti ezingama-73% ngaphezulu kunezo zinezitya eziqhelekileyo kwaye bangazijongi ukuba zingaphi iikhalori abazityileyo ngeekhalori ezili-140.

Iinkampani zobuchwephesha zisebenzisa umgaqo ofanayo. Ukutya kweendaba kuyilelwe ngenjongo yokugcwalisa ngokuzenzekelayo ngezizathu zokukugcina uskrola, kwaye ususe ngabom nasiphi na isizathu sokuba unqumame, uphinde ucinge okanye ushiye.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ividiyo kunye neendawo zosasazo zasekuhlaleni ezinjengeNetflix, iYouTube okanye iFacebook iyazidlalela ividiyo elandelayo emva kokubala ukuya endaweni yokulinda ukuba wenze ukhetho olusengqiqweni (ukuba awuyi kuthi). Inxalenye enkulu yezithuthi kwezi webhusayithi ziqhutywa kukudlala ngokuzenzekelayo into elandelayo.

Ukudlala ngokuzenzekelayo kweNetflix(Ifoto: Tristan Harris)

Iinkampani zobuchwephesha zihlala zibanga ukuba senza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuba babone ividiyo bayafuna ukubukela xa besebenzela umdla wabo weshishini. Kwaye ngekhe ubasole, kuba ukonyuka kwexesha elichithwayo yimali abayikhuphisanayo.

Endaweni yoko, cinga ukuba ngaba iinkampani zetekhnoloji zikunika amandla na ubophele ngokwazi amava akho ukulungelelanisa nento enokubakho ixesha elichithwe kakuhle yeyakho. Ayisiyokubopha nje i- ubungakanani Ixesha olichitha, kodwa i iimpawu malunga nexesha elinokuchithwa kakuhle.

Ukuqweqwedisa # 7: Ukuphazamiseka kwangoko kunye nokuHanjiswa okuHloniphekileyo

Iinkampani ziyayazi loo miyalezo Ukuphazamisa abantu kwangoko kunokubangela ukuba abantu baphendule kunemiyalezo ethunyelwe ngokuzithandela (njenge-imeyile okanye nayiphi na ibhokisi engenayo emiselweyo).

Ngokunikwa ukhetho, iFacebook Messenger (okanye iWhatsApp, iWeChat okanye iSnapChat yento leyo) bakhetha ukuyila inkqubo yemiyalezo yabo uphazamise abamkeli ngokukhawuleza (kwaye ubonise ibhokisi yencoko) endaweni yokunceda abasebenzisi bahloniphe ingqalelo yomnye nomnye.

Ngamanye amazwi, Ukuphazamiseka kulungile kwishishini .

Kukwanomdla wabo ukuphakamisa imvakalelo yongxamiseko kunye nembuyekezo yentlalontle. Umzekelo, i-Facebook ngokuzenzekelayo uxelela umthumeli xa ubona umyalezo wabo, endaweni yokukuvumela ukuba uphephe ukuveza ukuba uyayifunda (ngoku uyazi ukuba ndiwubonile umyalezo, ndiziva ndinyanzelekile ukuba ndiphendule.)

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Apple ngentlonelo ngakumbi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baguqule okanye bavale iirisithi zokuFunda.

Ingxaki kukuba, ukwandisa ukuphazamiseka egameni leshishini kudala intlekele, ukuchitha ingqalelo kwihlabathi kunye nokubangela ukuphazamiseka okungadingekiyo suku ngalunye. Le yingxaki enkulu ekufuneka siyilungisile ngemigangatho yoyilo ekwabelwana ngalo (ngokunokwenzeka, njengenxalenye ye Ixesha Elichithwe Kakuhle ).

I-Hijack # 8: Ukubopha izizathu zakho ngezizathu zabo

Enye indlela iapps ekuthimba ngayo kukuthatha izizathu zakho Ukutyelela iapp (ukwenza umsebenzi) kunye zibenze bangehlukani kwizizathu zeshishini losetyenziso (ukwandisa ukuba sisebenzisa malini xa silapho).

Umzekelo, kwilizwe elibonakalayo lamabali okutya, # 1 kunye # 2 izizathu ezithandwayo kakhulu zokundwendwela ziindawo zekhemesti ezizalisa kwakhona kunye nokuthenga ubisi. Kodwa iivenkile zokutya zifuna ukwandisa ukuba abantu bathenga kangakanani, ke babeka ikhemesti kunye nobisi ngasemva kwevenkile.

Ngamanye amagama, zenza ukuba abathengi bafune (ubisi, ikhemesti) bohlukane noko kufunwa lishishini. Ukuba iivenkile bezikhona zilungelelaniswe ngokwenyani ukuxhasa abantu , baya kuthi beka ezona zinto zidumileyo ngaphambili .

Iinkampani zobuchwephesha ziyila iiwebhusayithi zazo ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo, xa ufuna ukukhangela umsitho we-Facebook owenzeka ngokuhlwanje (isizathu sakho) i-app ye-Facebook ayikuvumeli ukuba uyifumane ngaphandle kokufika kuqala kwi-feed yeendaba (izizathu zabo), kwaye oko kungenjongo. I-Facebook ifuna ukuguqula zonke izizathu onazo zokusebenzisa i-Facebook, ibe sisizathu sabo sokwandisa ixesha olichitha uchitha izinto .

Kwilizwe elifanelekileyo, iiapps ziya kuhlala zikunika iifayile ze- ngqo indlela ukufumana into oyifunayo ngokwahlukeneyo kwinto abayifunayo.

Khawufane ucinge umthetho osayilwayo wedijithali ochaza imigangatho yoyilo enyanzelisa iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ziibhiliyoni zabantu ukuba zixhase iindlela zokuxhobisa ukuba ziye kwiinjongo zazo.

Ukuqweqwedisa # 9: Ukukhetha okungathandekiyo

Sixelelwe ukuba kwanele ukuba amashishini enze ukhetho lufumaneke.

• Ukuba awuyithandi ungasoloko usebenzisa imveliso eyahlukileyo.
• Ukuba awuyithandi, ungasoloko ungabhalisi.
• Ukuba ulikhoboka losetyenziso lwethu, ungasoloko uyikhupha kwifowuni yakho.

Amashishini ngokwendalo bafuna ukwenza ukhetho abafuna ukuba ulwenze lula, kwaye ukhetho abafuni ukuba ulwenze lube nzima. Amagqirha enza kwa into enye. Wenza kube lula ukuba umbukeli akhethe into ofuna bayikhethe, kwaye kunzima ukukhetha into ongayifuniyo.

Umzekelo, i-NyTimes.com ikuvumela wenze ukhetho olukhululekileyo lokurhoxisa umrhumo wakho wedijithali. Kodwa endaweni yokwenza nje xa ucofe ukurhoxisa uMrhumo, bona thumela i-imeyile ngolwazi malunga nendlela yokurhoxisa iakhawunti yakho ngokubiza inombolo yefowuni evulekileyo kuphela ngamaxesha athile.

I-NYTimes ibanga ukuba inika ukhetho olukhululekileyo lokurhoxisa iakhawunti yakho(Umfanekiso weskrini: Tristan Harris)

Endaweni yokujonga umhlaba ngokwe ukufumaneka kokhetho , kufuneka sijonge umhlaba ngokwe ukuxubana okufunekayo ukwenza ukhetho . Khawufane ucinge ngehlabathi apho ukhetho belubhalwe ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuzalisekisa (njengama-coefficients of friction) kwaye bekukho iqumrhu elizimeleyo-iqumrhu lomzi-mveliso okanye elingenzi ngeniso-elibhale obu bunzima kwaye laseta imigangatho yokuba kulula ukuhamba ngayo.

Ukuqweqwedisa # 10: Ukuxela kwangaphambili iimpazamo, unyawo kumaqhinga oMnyango

I-Facebook ithembisa ukhetho olulula ukubona ifoto. Ngaba besinokucofa ukuba inike i-tag yexabiso eliyinyani?(Ifoto: Tristan Harris)

Okokugqibela, iiapps zinokuxhaphaza ukungakwazi kwabantu ukuqikelela iziphumo zokucofa.

Abantu abayiqapheli intuitively Ixabiso lokwenyani ngokucofa xa ithiwe thaca kubo. Abantu abathengisayo basebenzisa unyawo kwiindlela zomnyango ngokubuza isicelo esincinci esimsulwa ukuqala ngaso (cofa nje omnye ukubona ukuba yeyiphi i-tweet ethe yaphinda yabhalwa kwakhona) kwaye unyuka usuka apho (kutheni ungahlali ithutyana?). Phantse zonke iiwebhusayithi zokuzibandakanya zisebenzisa eli qhinga.

Khawufane ucinge ukuba izikhangeli zewebhu kunye nee-smartphones, amasango abantu abenza kuwo olu khetho, babejonge abantu ngokwenyani kwaye babanceda babikezela iziphumo zonqakrazo (ngokusekwe kwidatha yokwenyani malunga zeziphi izibonelelo kunye neendleko ebenazo ?).

Kungenxa yoko le nto ndongeza ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokufunda phezulu kwizithuba zam. Xa ubeka ixabiso lokwenyani lokukhetha phambi kwabantu, uphatha abasebenzisi bakho okanye abaphulaphuli ngesidima nentlonipho. Kwi Ixesha Elichithwe Kakuhle intanethi, ukhetho lunokuqulunqwa ngokweendleko eziqikelelweyo kunye nezibonelelo, ke abantu banikwe amandla okwenza ukhetho olunolwazi ngokungagqibekanga, hayi ngokwenza umsebenzi owongezelelweyo.

I-TripAdvisor isebenzisa unyawo kulwazi lomnyango ngokubuza uphononongo olunye (zingaphi iinkwenkwezi?) Ngelixa ufihle uphando lwamaphepha amathathu emibuzo emva konqakrazo.(Ifoto: Tristan Harris)

Isishwankathelo nendlela esinokukulungisa ngayo oku

Ngaba uyayicaphukisa into yokuba itekhnoloji ithimbe iarhente yakho? Nam Oku kwam. Ndidwelise iindlela ezimbalwa kodwa kukho amawaka ngokoqobo. Khawufane ucinge iishelufa zeencwadi, iisemina, iindibano zocweyo kunye noqeqesho olufundisa ubuchule bokurhweba ngoosomashishini abanje. Khawufane ucinge ngamakhulu eenjineli ezinemisebenzi yazo yonke imihla yokwenza iindlela ezintsha zokukugcina ulikhoboka.

Inkululeko yokugqibela yingqondo yasimahla, kwaye sifuna itekhnoloji ekwiqela lethu ukusinceda siphile, sive, sicinge kwaye senze ngokukhululeka.

Sifuna ii-smartphones zethu, izikrini zezaziso kunye nezikhangeli zewebhu ukuba zibe ziisoskeletons zeengqondo zethu kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ababeka amaxabiso ethu, hayi iimpembelelo zethu, kuqala. Ixesha labantu lixabisekile . Kwaye kufuneka siyikhusele ngokungqongqo okufanayo nobumfihlo kunye namanye amalungelo edijithali.

UTristan Harris wayenguFilosofi weMveliso kuGoogle kude kube ngo-2016 apho wayefunda khona ukuba itekhnoloji ichaphazela njani ingqalelo yezigidi zabantu, impilo kunye nokuziphatha. Ukufumana izixhobo ezingaphezulu kwexesha elichithwe kakuhle, yabona http://timewellspent.io .

(~ # ~) Hlaziya (~ # ~): Inguqulelo yokuqala yesi sithuba iswele ukwamkelwa kwabo bakhuthaze ukucinga kwam kwiminyaka emininzi kubandakanya UJoe Edelman , Musa ukuba nguRaskin , URaph D'Amico, UJonathan Harris kwaye UDamon Horowitz .

Ukucinga kwam kwiimenyu kunye nokwenza ukhetho kugxile nzulu kuJoe Edelman's sebenza kwiinqobo zoLuntu kunye noKhetho .