Iidayimani njengotyalo-mali kudala ingumbono ophikisanayo.Yuri Bodrikhin / Unsplash Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemibini okoko kwagqabhuka ibhombu yeBitcoin, ishiya abatyali mali abaninzi be-tech-bro bexakeke kakhulu. Kodwa intshukumo ye-cryptocurrency ayikhange inyamalale nje; Endaweni yoko, itekhnoloji yayo esisiseko, ibhloko ye-blockchain, iguqukile kumkhombandlela omtsha kunye nangaphezulu.
Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yexeshana ye-cryptocurrensets, ishishini lezemali alikayeki ukwenza iindlela ezintsha zokufaka isikhonkwane se-blockchain kwezinye ii-asethi, ukudala iklasi yotyalo-mali eyaziwa ngokuba zii-asethi ezixhaswa ziiasethi. Iimpawu ezixhaswe zizinto ezifana negolide nesilivere sele zisekiwe. Kwaye ngoku, isityalo esivelayo sokuqalisa siphonononga ukubakho kwezinto zexabiso ezinqabileyo, ezinjengeadayimani. NgoJulayi, ukuqalisa okubizwa ngokuba yi-Icecap yasungula indawo yayo yentengiso kubatyali zimali zedayimane , umzuzu wokugqibela weniche.
Iidayimani Ndihlala ndiyenzela into yotyalo-mali oluthandabuzekayo. Ekuqaleni, iidayimani-ubuncinci bendalo-zibonakala zilingana nenkcazo yotyalo-mali kakuhle: zinqabile, zibiza kakhulu, ziyanqweneleka kakhulu kwaye (kuthiwa) zihlala ngonaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, abanazo izinto ezimbalwa eziphambili zeasethi yokwenene ezinokutyalwa, eyokuqala nokuphambili ekubeni kunzima ukuba uphinde uthengise ilitye.
Ukuthengisa iidayimani ezizezinye ngenzuzo, nkqu nezo zigcinwe ixesha elide, kunokuba nzima, u-Edward Jay Epstein wabhala kwincwadi yakhe edumileyo ka-1982 IAtlantic ibali, Ngaba ukhe wazama ukuthengisa idayimane? Inqaku lilandelele intatheli yophando kuhambo lwayo kushishino, lubonisa ukuba iidayimani, kubandakanya ezinkulu, zihlala zithengiswa ngelahleko enkulu.
Ngokuka-Jon Deane, owayesakuba ngumlawuli wempahla yorhwebo e-JPMorgan, ukusasazwa kwe-bid-ask, okanye umahluko wexabiso phakathi kokuthenga nokuthengisa i-asethi, isusela kwiipesenti ezili-10 ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-40 zedayimane.
Ukuthenga iidayimani kwintengiso yentengiso kuvelisa ilahleko kwangoko, uDeane uxelele uMbonisi, kuba abathengisi abaninzi kunye nabalamli sele bethathe isabelo senzuzo ngelo xesha. Ngelishwa, yindlela uninzi lweedayimane ezitshintshe ngayo izandla kwiimarike.
Kutheni le nto singakwazi ukuthenga iidayimani kwenye indawo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo kwaye sijikeleze iipremiyamu zebrendi kunye nolunye urhwebo olongezayo? Impendulo emfutshane kukuba, akukho nto inexabiso elifanelekileyo ledayimane. Akukho ndlela ibekiweyo yokumisela imigangatho yokulinganisa umgangatho wedayimani. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho ii-4Cs ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi-okanye ukusika, umbala, ukucaca kunye nobunzima bekharati. Kodwa oko kukude ngokwaneleyo ukuba kwahlule idayimani yebanga lotyalo-mali kwinto yesiqhelo, abangaphakathi kushishino bathi.
Ii-4Cs zixelela kuphela isiqingatha sebali lokuba ilunge kangakanani idayimane, umphathi we-Icecap uJacques Voorhees, umrhwebi wamatye anqabileyo phantse iminyaka engama-50 yamava kushishino lwedayimane, uxelele uMbonisi. Zininzi ezinye izinto, ezinje nge-fluorescence, graining kunye namafu. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto ebandakanyiweyo kwii-4Cs, kodwa zichaphazela kakhulu ubuhle obubonakalayo kunye nexabiso ledayimane. 
UAdam Sandler kwiiGugu ezingasuswanga.I-A24
Amaxesha amaninzi, iidayimane zifana nobugcisa. Okukhona usazi ubume bayo (njengophawu kunye nembali yobunini), kulula ngakumbi ukuthengisa kwakhona, utshilo u-Proud Limpongpan, owayesisityebi sevenkile eneevenkile eNew York City nase-Asiya.
Omnye umba kukusilela kweedayimane, okanye inqanaba apho kunokuthi kutshintshwe ilitye kwenye. Iidayimani zahlukile njengamaqhekeza ekhephu, utshilo uVoorhees. Uninzi lweenzame ezidlulileyo zokuguqula iidayimani zibe yimveliso ezinokutyalwa zifuna ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokwenza uhlobo oluthile lwengxowa-mali kunye nokuthengisa iidayimani njengamaqela e-asethi anokubakho endaweni yamatye ngamanye.
Le ndlela ayikhange isebenze kakuhle kolu shishino, kuba ayenzanga imarike enkulu kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo yokuxabisa iidayimani ngokufanelekileyo.
Imarike yedayimani ayilawulwa ngokubanzi kwaye ayisebenzi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokubonakala kunye nokungafihli nto, ixabiso lemali yedayimane lihlala lakhiwe kwi-whim ye-appraiser, utshilo uDeane.
Oovulindlela baseBlockchain bakholelwa ukuba ukwenza ithokheni kunokunika isisombululo esingcono kwindawo ethile phakathi kwengxowa yemveli kunye neidayimani zokurhweba ngokukodwa.
Umbono weVorhees kukwenza iithokheni zedijithali ezimele ubunini bedayimane ethile, zivumele ukuba zithengiswe kwiindawo zentengiso ezivulekileyo ze-crypto kwaye zifumane intlawulo encinci kwintengiselwano nganye. Abanikazi beethokheni banelungelo lokuhlawulela ithokheni yedijithali yedayimani eyiyo nangaliphi na ixesha.
NgoJulayi, i-Icecap yakhupha ibhetshi yayo yokuqala yeethokheni zedayimani isebenzisa i-Ethereum's ERC-721 standard, itekhnoloji eyenza iithokheni ezingafiyo. Amaxabiso ezi thokheni aqala ngaphantsi kwe- $ 3,000 ukuya phantse kwi-1 yezigidi zeedola kwithokheni exhaswa yidayimani yeshumi.
Sikholelwa ukuba kungokunje kukho ithuba elimalunga ne-10 leebhiliyoni elinokubakho kubarhwebi ukuba bathengise ii-asethi zedayimani, intengiso leyo kude kube ngoku ibingasetyenziswanga, utshilo u-Icecap kumaphepha-ndaba ngoJulayi.
Kodwa njengemali yedayimani ye-BC (ngaphambi kwe-crypto), owona mbuzo ubaluleke kakhulu kwiimodeli zeshishini ezinjenge-Icecap's yile, ngaba iidayimani ngokwazo zikufanele oko zazithengisela kona? Okanye, ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, ngaba iidayimane zinexabiso langaphakathi konke konke?
Kwakhe IAtlantic Ibali, u-Epstein wabhengeza ukuba iidayimani zazinexabiso elincinci ngaphakathi kwaye amaxabiso abo aphezulu axhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekukhohliseni kunqongophala okwenziwa ngamaphulo wentengiso ngoosomashishini abodwa njengeDe Beers.
Ewe, impendulo yam kuloo nto kukuba akukho nto inexabiso langaphakathi, uVoorhees waphikisa. Ndiyathetha, akukho nto inexabiso langaphakathi ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzisi wayo unesidingo sayo. Kwimeko yedayimani, ziyabengezela kwaye ziyamangalisa ukuhomba, kanye njengokuba igolide intle ngokuhomba. Ndicinga ukuba iidayimani ziya kuhlala zinoluhlobo lwexabiso.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amatye ayo ubuncinci kwicala elibaluleke ngakumbi kunye nelokuziphatha kwicandelo labo, i-Icecap ifumana iidayimani eziwela kwisiqingatha esiphezulu se-4Cs ukusuka komnye wabanikazi beDe Beers ababekwe eNew York kwaye bazigcine indawo ene-inshurensi kwenye indawo esixekweni. (Umbonisi lelona nqanaba liphezulu kumboniso wedayimani onokufikelela kuwo phambi kwabona bantu basebenza mgodini.) Le nkampani ikwangqinelana neKimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS), eyasekwa ngo-2003 ukunqanda iidayimani zegazi ukusuka ekufakeni uluhlu lwayo.
Abaxhasi bokuthengisa iidayimani njengeethokheni bathi ukuthotyelwa kuya kusebenza ukuba kungatsala abatyali mali aboneleyo kumdlalo ukwenza intengiso yokwenyani kwaye ke babonelele ngenkqubo yokuxabisa engcono.
Amaqonga okwenziwa kwamaphepha okwenziwa kwedijithali enza i-asethi yenyani yokwenyani kwaye ayibeke kwi-blockchain engaguqukiyo, eqinisekisa kungekuphela ukhuseleko, kodwa kwanokuphatheka, ukungabinamali kunye nokuchaneka, utshilo uDeane. Ngamathokheni axhaswe ziasethi, ukufikeleleka kunye nokuthengiswa kwemali kuyaphuculwa, kukhokelela ekufumanekeni kwamaxabiso asimahla kunye nentengiso efanelekileyo.
Kodwa njengalo naluphi na utyalomali, akukho bungozi. Ukwehla kwemfuno yedayimani kuya kukhokelela ekuweni kwamaxabiso ethokheni, utshilo uLimpongpan, ngoku osebenza njengeofisi yesicwangciso esiphambili seZipmex, iqonga lokurhweba ngeasethi ye-crypto. Oku kunokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ukuba uninzi lwee-token holders aziveli kwiigugu kunye nomzi mveliso wezacholo, obangela uloyiko lokuthengisa.
Andikholelwa ekubeni wonke umntu uyakuphuma kwigolide kwaye aye kwidayimani ubusuku bonke, kodwa ipesenti yeepotfoliyo zinokufuna ukubandakanya iidayimani ukuba iqonga lokuthengisa elifanelekileyo lenziwe, uVoorhees uthe.
