UMongameli wase-US uDonald Trump.Chip Somodevilla / Getty Izithombe Ithemba lokuphinda likhethwe nguTrump alikhangeleki lilikhulu, kungaphelanga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu esivuma umsebenzi wakhe. Ukungamkelwa kwakhe ngama-57 eepesenti ibeka phezulu nantoni na kubo bonke oomongameli abasandula ukuphinda bakhethwe abakhe bafunyanwa eluntwini. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba umongameli akanakuphumelela ukuphinda akhethwe kwakhona. Ngapha koko, unokufunda komnye umntu owayekade enengxaki: U-Abraham Lincoln ngo-1864.
Izazi ngembali zinokumlinganisela uLincoln njengoyena Mongameli ubalaseleyo, kwaye ukwangomnye wabaphathi abaziintloko abadumileyo, kodwa oko bekungasoloko kunjalo. Nokuba igama lakhe langaphambili lalithandabuzekile, njengoko abanye abantu baseRiphabhlikhi babecinga ukumcela umngeni. ULincoln waxela kwangaphambili ukoyiswa kwakhe, kwanaxa iGrand Old Party yamphinda yamthatha njengomphathi wabo oqhelekileyo.
Bhalisela iNcwadana yezepolitiki yaBakhangeli
Ke uLincoln uphumelele njani elinye igama ngokukhawuleza? Kwaye uTrump angafunda njani kula mntu waseRiphabhlikhi? Nantsi indlela umongameli wokuqala we-GOP asuse ngayo uloyiso olukhulu olungenakwenzeka.
1. Dibana nabantu abakhuphisana nabo kwezopolitiko
Incwadi kaDoris Kearns Goodwin Iqela labadlali uhlala ebonwa njengomsebenzi wobuchule wendlela ipolitiki efana no-Abraham Lincoln aqhubana ngayo neembangi, ebazisa kwisangqa sakhe ngaphandle kokubanika amandla. Kwakunjalo ngo-1860, njengoko uLincoln kwafuneka ajongane neentshaba zangoku nezangaphambili. Kodwa kwiminyaka emine kamva, U-Lincoln kwakusafuneka alwe neentshaba ezinjengo Salmon P. Chase , owayecinga ngokukhankanya u-Abraham Lincoln.
UTrump kufuneka acinge ngobuninzi babadlali. Ukongeza kwiRhuluneli yaseOhio yangaphambili uJohn Kasich kunye nowayesakuba nguSenator uJeff Flake waseArizona, kukwakho Senator yaseNebraska yangoku uBen Sasse kunye noMlawuli waseMaryland uLarry Hogan. Umongameli angafunda kuLincoln, owabeka uChase endaweni yakhe, wamfaka amanqindi kwada kwayishiya imbangi yakhe. Kodwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, uChase wonyulwa ukuba athathe indawo yeJaji eyiNtloko uRoger Taney. Njengoko sifunda kuLincoln, ayizizo zonke iimbangi ekufuneka zihlaselwe.
2. Ukubhena kwiqela elingenakwenzeka
Ngomnyaka we-1864, uLincoln wenza into encinci yokulindela yonke iMfazwe yombutho. Ekugqibeleni wafuna ukubhena kubantu base Mzantsi . Nangona wayeqinile ekugxininiseni kwakhe ukugcina uManyano kunye, waqhekeza kunye namaRiphabhlikhi amakhulu awayefuna ukohlwaya uMzantsi kwaye anike ithoni yoxolelwaniso. Njengoko uza kubona kwicandelo elilandelayo, oku kuye kwathetha nokwenza inyathelo elinobugqwetha kwipolitiki yakhe.
Ngokusekwe kumlo wodonga lomda, kunye nengxoxo ye-DACA kunye ne-Dreamer, ungacinga ukuba uTrump wayephuma kwindlela yakhe njenge-anti-Hispanic. Kodwa kukho ezinye ubungqina obuvela kwi-poll ye-Marist / NPR / PBS Ibonisa umongameli esenza kakuhle phakathi kweLatinos, mhlawumbi efikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-50, nangona oku kuphikiswa ngabanye abantu abangcolisayo. Njengoko ndixelele amaqela e-GOP xa ndithetha nawo, iiLatinos ngamaRiphabhlikhi. Banobuntu ekuhlaleni ngakumbi kunabamhlophe, kwaye abaninzi beza apha ukuzokwamkela i-American Dream kwaye baqale ishishini labo, hayi ukujoyina urhulumente wentlalontle. Kodwa iingcebiso ezingalunganga ezivela kwii-arch-conservatives ziye zaqinisekisa abanye ukuba bahlasele i-Hispanics, babatyhalela ezingalweni zeDemokhrasi. UTrump uya kuba wenza kakuhle ukuba angafundi kuLincoln kuphela, kodwa nakuGeorge W. Bush, iRiphabhlikhi yokugqibela eya kuphinda ikhethwe, ophumelele iivoti ezininzi zeLatino zeGOP.
3. Fumana iSekela Mongameli elitsha
Xa ufuna ixesha elitsha, ULincoln wakhetha ukungaphinde abaleke noMaine uHannibal Hamlin, njengoko wenzayo ngo-1860 . Endaweni yokuba afikelele kwi-Democrat yaseMzantsi ethembekileyo, u-Andrew Johnson wase Tennessee, owayehlala kwi-Union. Yayingumnqweno wakhe ukubhenela kubantu base Mzantsi kunye nokugxotha abanye babaDemokhrasi kwimbangi yakhe, uGeorge McClellan. ULincoln wayengacingi nje ngokukhethwa kwakhona, kodwa kunye nomdlalo omde: Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa iMfazwe yamakhaya iphelile? UJohnson angaqiniseka ukuba amazwe awoyisiweyo abuyele eMelika, endaweni yokuqhubeka nokuxhathisa.
UTrump unokucinga ngokwenza intshukumo efanayo. UMike Pence usebenze umsebenzi wakhe, ebonelela ngobungcali kwezopolitiko kumgqatswa owayesazi ukuba ngumphathi weshishini ngcono kunokuba ngumlawuli wezopolitiko, kwaye ngewayekwazi ukubamba unxibelelwano lweNdlu yeRiphabhlikhi. Kodwa uTrump ngoku unamava. Kwaye akukho bungqina buncinci bokuba uPence uyakudingeka ukuhambisa iivoti zaseIndiana okanye ukusebenza neGOP kwiCongress.
Ukulandela isicwangciso seLincoln, uTrump unokucinga ngokukhetha ilungu leqela eliphikisayo. Ukuba kunjalo, ndingacebisa Ilungu leDemokhrasi laseNtshona West Virginia uJoe Manchin . Irhuluneli eyayisakuba yirhuluneli, uManchin wayethatha indawo yolwazi lobuzwilakhe lwePence, kwaye mhlawumbi azise ezinye iiDemokhrasi ezigcinayo nezilungeleleneyo, ngakumbi kwimicimbi efana namandla. Nokuba kunjalo, uManchin uza kongeza ngaphezulu kwitikiti likaTrump kunokuba usekela-mongameli wangoku. Ngokuqinisekileyo uManchin umi ethubeni elingcono lokuba ngu-VP noTrump kunokuba ebeya kwiqela lakhe.
4. Ukubhenela kwelinye iqela
Ukukhethwa kukaJohnson nguLincoln kwakha umanyano olutsha lwezopolitiko: uMbutho weSizwe weManyano . Nangona yahlala kuphela ngo-1864 ukuya ku-1868, yasebenza injongo ebalulekileyo: ukuphinda kwenziwe u-Abraham Lincoln. Kwakukho amalungu eDemokhrasi kunye nabazimeleyo kunye noMgaqo-siseko we-Union Party (umntu wesithathu) abangasoze bavotele iRiphabhlikhi, kodwa baya kukhetha iNational Union Party kunye noLincoln noJohnson ngo-1864.
UTrump ngokufanayo unokufikelela kwelinye iqela: abaxhasi bakaBernie Sanders abanamahloni. Akunakulindeleka ukuba aphumelele ukutyunjwa, umxhasi ophakathi weSanders kunokwenzeka ukuba acaphuke kwaye atyhole amaDemokhrasi ngokuvumelana ngokuchasene nomgqatswa wabo. Ngohlaselo lwamaDemokhrasi kunye norhwebo olukhululekileyo kunye nezikhundla eziyimfuneko zokwamkela iLatinos, oku kunokuba ngokwaneleyo ukuphumelela unyulo olusondeleyo.
5. Phumelela amadabi phambi koNyulo
Ilahleko eyoyikekayo ngo-1861 nango-1862 yenza ukuba abanyangi beDemokhrasi bakaLincoln baphumelele kunyulo lwaphakathi enyakeni, bathathe ngaphezulu kwiNdlu yabaMeli ngelixa belahlekelwa abambalwa kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu, efanayo nonyulo luka-2018. Ngaphandle kwempumelelo eGettysburg naseVicksburg ngo-1863, amadabi anegazi eVirginia enza ukuba ithemba likaLincoln libe mfiliba. Utshintshile kunye noMntla ophumelele iMfazwe yase-Mobile Bay ngo-Agasti, ukubanjwa kweAtlanta ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, kunye noloyiso lwe-Confederate eShenandoah Valley. Olo loyiso banika uLincoln ivoti lejoni kwaye watywina uloyiso lwakhe.
UTrump uyakufuna into efanayo kwi2020. Mhlawumbi into eza kwenzeka eNyakatho Korea, eVenezuela okanye eRashiya, kodwa umongameli weRiphabhlikhi ufuna into efana naleyo yafunyanwa nguLincoln-ukoyiswa kokugqibela kwe-ISIS okanye ukubulawa yiTaliban. Ukwenza njalo, uTrump kuya kufuneka abuyele kwizicwangciso zakhe zokurhoxa eSyria naseAfghanistan. Kodwa umvuzo wokuphinda ukhethe ungcono kunazo naziphi na izibonelelo zokwenza uVladimir Putin okanye igorha laseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdogan okanye neChina uXi Jinping onwabile kunyaka olandelayo. Amajoni kunye namagosa ethu, othuswe kukubaleka okuvela eMiddle East nokushiya amahlakani ethu aseKurdish naseAfghan, aya kubuyisa ukuzithemba kwabo xa bebona umqolo kaTrump uqina kule mida.
Zonke ezi ntshukumo zinesibindi kwaye ziyingozi, kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba zithathwe. Kodwa umngcipheko unokufanelekela iTrump.
UJohn A. Tures nguprofesa wesayensi yezopolitiko eLaGrange College eLaGrange, eGeorgia-funda ibali lakhe elipheleleyo apha.
