Intshukumo yeklasi: Ibali likaLois Jenson kunye neLandmark Case eguqukileyo
Umthetho weSexual Harassment, nguClara Bingham kunye noLaura Leedy Gansler. I-Doubleday, iphepha le-390, i-27.50 yeedola.
Ubomi bukhetheke kwaye bonakele, umthetho uzama ukuba yi-algebra kwaye ucoceke, kwaye ukusuka kwelinye uye kwelinye, uhlala ufuna ukukhutshwa ngamabali amnandi. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba umdla wegqwetha likaTort ulungelelane kakuhle kunye nombhali wescreen kunye nentatheli yexesha elide yokubhala: Little Guy v. Megacorp, efaka umoya womntu ngokuchasene neengxaki ezingenakoyiswa-ezi ndaba zamabali zihamba kakhulu ijaji, njengoko besenza kwintlanganiso ye-pitch okanye kwi-ofisi yeebhokisi. Echaza ukuba kutheni iClass Action ibekwe njenge-agitpop blockbuster yamva nje kwisithethe se-A Civil Action okanye u-Erin Brockovich. Kodwa enyanisweni, ababhali uClara Bingham kunye noLaura Leedy benze into ebukhalipha nenomdla ngakumbi: Baye bayiyeka inyani yonakalisa ibali elilungileyo.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yama-70, uLois Jenson, umama okhulileyo oselula ongatshatanga onikwa i-nickel-kwaye-dimed to die ngentlalontle kunye nemisebenzi ehlawula kancinci, waqala umsebenzi kwi-Eveleth Mines. I-Eveleth ilele kwezona ndawo zikumantla eMinnesota, indawo eyaziwa kakhulu ngokusinika uBob Dylan (wayecula ngemigodi kwi-North Country Blues) kunye nothotho lwamarquee ashiyekileyo, ukusuka kubukhomanisi iGus Hall ukuya e-Eugene McCarthy, UHubert Humphrey kunye noWalter Mondale. Kodwa ikwangoyena mvelisi mkhulu wesinyithi emhlabeni, kwaye ngelixa abezopolitiko bayo benokushiyeka-inkqubela phambili, incasa yendawo yasekhohlo ilawulwa yindoda, indoda yomanyano ngasekhohlo; njengoko ababhali besixelela, uluhlu lweentsimbi uMesabi phantse bubukumkani balo, ilizwe lebhiya kunye nehockey yomkhenkce, engapheliyo, ubusika obumnyama kwaye kakhulu, ecacisa iindima zesini.
Ukusuka ekuhambeni, uLois Jenson wadibana nokuhlaselwa ngesihluku ezandleni zabantu abatsha abasebenza nabo. (Inkampani yabanini bemigodi engekhoyo yayingengoncedo kakhulu: Isibini se-gelid interlopers, sinxibe njenge-Blues Brothers, sehla sivela kwi-ofisi yasekhaya, sabuza imibuzo embalwa, emva koko saphindela eCleveland.) Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wonke umntu Udlula kuvavanyo lwesikrini: ILois isencinci kwaye intle, uninzi lwamadoda alunabundlobongela, kwaye iqumrhu alinandaba kwaye likude. Ngapha koko, iSexual Harassment yayivele nje njengengqondo esemthethweni. Igraffiti, i-pin-ups, i-dildos, i-stalking: Ukungabikho komthetho we-algebra, yonke into ihlala iyisiganeko esizimeleyo, sishiywe sisodwa. Abafazi abambalwa emgodini babanjwa kumjikelo wokuzibek 'ityala, baneentloni zokwabelana ngamabali abo oyikisayo. Njengoko uLois echaza kubabhali, Ingxaki yayikukuba, kwakungekho gama layo. Abafazi abase-Eveleth bafikelela kwisigqibo esicacileyo: Amadoda awabafuni abafazi emigodini, kwaye basebenzise ubundlongondlongo ngokwesondo njengendlela yokumakisha intsimi yabo.
Ngomzuzu ka-Erin Brockovich, uLois Jenson wafika emnyango kaPaul Sprenger, igqwetha lommangali ogqwesileyo ogxile kucalucalulo lomsebenzi. I-Hollywood zooms kuMnu. I-Sprenger inqabile kwaye intle, inkwenkwezi yangaphambili yomkhondo, umlobi okrelekrele-kodwa iNtsebenzo yeKlasi iye yanzima kwaye yachaza banzi. Ingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 idlulile okoko uLoyisi wangena okokuqala emigodini, kwaye siye sasinda kwiinkcukacha ezimbalwa zobomi bakhe obunzima. Ngapha koko, akucaci ukuba uNks. Jenson nguvulindlela we-Sexual Harassment ongasekhoyo: Eli gama lisasazeke ngokubanzi, u-Catherine MacKinnon oselula upapashe uphawu olumangalisayo lwe-Sexual Harassment kunye ne-Working Woman, kwaye i-EEOC ibeke izikhokelo zombuso kuzo zombini i-quid pro quo kunye namabango okusingqongileyo emsebenzini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo sikawonke-wonke-uviwo olubi e-Anita Hill ngamadoda amadala eSenate-ebefike kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isigqibo ngoJensen v. Eveleth.
Isimilo sinokutshintsha, inkonzo yomlomo ingahlawulwa, iitafile zovandlakanyo ezicwangcisiweyo, kodwa kuthatha isoyikiso sokumangalela ukubeka ukoyika uThixo kwiMelika yoshishino. Kwi-Eveleth, Umnumzana uSprenger wayenento yokwenza netyala elinamanzi. Njengoko i-Class Action isenza kucace, abamangali khange bahlupheke kuthotho lwezinto ezingafunekiyo kodwa ezingenabungozi-ngokungathandabuzekiyo, sithetha ngokugqitha, intshayelelo, umxholo, umahluko kunye nokukhwela ikhabhathi egodukayo. Kananjalo, ucalucalulo kwinqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo kwicandelo lenkampani lalicacile. Kwakungekho zangasese zabafazi; i-hangover yayisisizathu sokufika emva kwexesha kodwa umntwana ogulayo wayengekho, njalo njalo. Umthetho wokuhlukumeza, nangona kunjalo, ulele kwindawo engenabungozi ekuziphatheni ngokwesini komntu kunye nesizathu sabantu, kwaye ukuvalelwa okwenziwe ngamajamani ebomini bam akwenzanga ukuba kube lula ukusebenzisa i-nicety yezomthetho. Ubomi babamangali babunobunkunkqele kwaye bufuna ngenkani- kwaye xa kufikwa kumba wokuma ityuwa, uninzi lwabo lwanikela kangangoko.
Akukho mntu ulapha e-Spence kwaye ugqibe ku-Sarah Lawrence, ubuncinci kubo bonke uLois Jenson; kwikhredithi yabo, ababhali kunqabile ukuba bamnyanzele ukuba agxile ekujongeni okuthambileyo. Ngethuba wayebuzwa ukuba anike ubungqina-senze kakuhle kwi-90's ngoku-Nks. UJenson wayeqale ukonakala kakubi, exhomekeke kwi-psychotropic elinganayo yeti yase-Long Island iced: Wellbutrin, Klonopin, Pamelor. Ngamaxesha athile wayebamangqina atshabalalisayo-wayegcine ngokungazenzisiyo iincwadi zeengcombolo ezichaza konke ukuphathwa gadalala-kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ayingqinelani kwaye ayintlekele. Inemiqathango yokufuna ngakumbi amanqaku eqhinga likaPerry Mason, uLois ukhalaza malunga nokusilela kweetatat; Ukhalaza ngelithi amagqwetha akhe awabonisi mvakalelo. Ngapha koko, kukho indawo elungileyo yemidlalo yeqonga apha: Amagqwetha ombutho avuthuza ngaphakathi, anoburhalarhume njengobusika baseMinnesota, kwaye abarhuqa abafazi ngokusebenzisa amantongomane-kunye nama-sluts, ityala lokuzikhusela.
Kodwa ekugqibeleni, ngo-1997, amashumi eminyaka yokuncinwa, ukubanjwa, ukujongwa kunye nokugculelwa zahlanganiswa kunye zabhalwa ukuba ziyintoni kanye kanye: azamkelekanga kwaphela. Ukonzakala ngokwasemphefumlweni, okubangelwe yile rekhodi yokungabi nasimilo kwabantu, kwafuna ukutshabalalisa ingqondo yomntu kunye nomoya wobuntu wommangali ngamnye, kubhala iijaji zeNkundla yeziBheno yase-US kwiSekethe yesibhozo. Ukuthotywa isidima kunye nokuthotywa isidima okuphethwe ngaba bafazi akunakulungiseka. Ngobuqaqawuli, uLois Jenson kunye nabanye abantu ababhinqileyo abasebenza emgodini baphumelela ityala lokuqala lokuhlukunyezwa ngokwesondo. Ngokuqinisekileyo iqela eliqhelekileyo le-hacks, i-D-amantombazana kunye nabavelisi abanxibeleleneyo baya kuyiguqula le saga inzima ibe yimidlalo emithathu yokuboniswa, egcwaliswe ngengxowa kagqirha yamaqhinga: ityhila, amaqhosha, ukuhlangula kunye nokuphakamisa. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule isifundo sokwenyani seClass Action, eqhutyelwe ekhaya ngokucokisekileyo nguNks. Bingham kunye noNks. Leedy's anthropology esemthethweni: Awudingi ubuqhawe obugqwesileyo kunye nobundlobongela ukuze uhlanganise ndawonye ukwahlula izinto zemihla ngemihla, zibize … Kwaye sifune ubulungisa.
UStephen Metcalf ubhalela uSlate kunye nokuphononongwa kweencwadi rhoqo kuMqwalaseli.
