Amazwe alishumi elinanye ngoku anoluhlobo lomthetho ovumela imipu kwiikholeji zekholeji.ILucio Eastman (Iprojekthi yeFreyistata) Umqeqeshi wekholeji yaseTexas kutshanje uqalile unyaka wokufunda ngokuthi ndinxibe ivesti engadubuli iimbumbulu nesigcina-ntloko somkhosi eklasini . Wenze oku ekhalazela umthetho othi, ukuqala kweyeThupha, ugunyazisa abantu ukuba baphathe imipu efihliweyo kwiikholeji zoluntu eTexas. Ngo-2016, umthetho ofanayo wawusele uvumele imipu kumaziko eminyaka emine.
Texas kunye Amanye amazwe ali-10 ngoku sinemithetho evumela ukuphatha imipu okufihliweyo kwiikholeji nakwiiyunivesithi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwi-2017, ikhampasi ephethe amatyala azisiwe ubuncinci kwi-16 yamanye amazwe.
Njengabafundi bezomthetho wemfundo ephakamileyo, sobabini besilandela ikhampasi ephethe umthetho ngokusondeleyo. UKerry upapashe i Uhlalutyo lwekhampasi luthwala imithetho nemigaqo-nkqubo Kwaye uNeal usebenze kunye iqela lenkxaso ophikisana nemipu ekhampasini.
Ngelixa imithetho yelizwe kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yeekampus yahluka kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMelika, umbono wethu kukuba iikholeji neeyunivesithi akufuneki zinyanzelwe ukuba zivumele imipu kwiikhampasi zazo - ngakumbi kwimeko yezopolitiko eye yabona ubundlobongela kwiikholeji ezininzi kwilizwe liphela.
Kutheni abantu befuna imipu ekhampasini?
Enye ingxoxo ephambili exhasa ikhampasi ithwala imithetho ivela kwimbono yokuba abafundi abaxhotyiweyo kunye necandelo lokuzikhusela baya kulukhusela uluntu kwimeko yezehlo ezinobundlobongela, ezinje ngokudubula kwabantu abaninzi eVirginia Tech University ngo-2007.
Eli phulo liyinxalenye yomzamo omkhulu- ekhokelwa nguMbutho weSizwe woMipu - ukwandisa amalungelo abantu ukuba baphathe imipu kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kubandakanya neekholeji neeyunivesithi.
Ngo-2004, iimvakalelo ezinjalo uncedise ukuqhubela i-Utah ukuba ibe yiyo ilizwe lokuqala ukuvumela imipu ekhampasini . I-Utah Republican State Sen. UMichael Waddoups ucacisile ukuxhasa kwakhe umthetho: Ukuba urhulumente akanakukukhusela, kufuneka ube nelungelo lokuzikhusela.
Ukusukela oko i-Utah yapasisa umthetho wayo, amanye amazwe alandela, ngomdla wezomthetho Ukuthatha ngokukodwa kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo . Ngomhla ka-Meyi ka-2017, iGeorgia yajoyina amanqanaba njengelizwe le-11 ukuvumela uhlobo oluthile lokufihla ukuphatha iikhampasi zikarhulumente.
Ukujonga ngokubanzi imithetho yelizwe
Nangona iArkansas, iColorado, iGeorgia, iIdaho, iKansas, iMississippi, iOregon, iTennessee, iTexas, iUtah kunye neWisconsin zonke zinemithetho yokuphatha ikhampasi, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwazo.
Kweminye imimandla, imipu ivumelekile rhoqo. Iikholeji zikarhulumente kunye neeyunivesithi e-Utah nase-Arkansas kufuneka zivumele nawuphi na umntu onemvume efanelekileyo yokuphatha umpu ofihliweyo ekhampasini, kubandakanya ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo zekhampasi. E-Tennessee, abasebenzi abasisigxina, kodwa ingengabo abafundi, banokuphatha izixhobo ezifihliweyo.
Imbinana yamazwe inike izikolo umlinganiselo othile wokuzimela. EWisconsin naseKansas, amaziko oluntu anokukhetha ukuthintela imipu kwizakhiwo ezithile, kodwa imipu mayivunyelwe kwenye indawo ekhampasini. E-Kansas, isenzo esinje sifuna ukuba isikolo sibeke amanyathelo athile okhuseleko, njengabakhangeli bentsimbi kunye noonogada abaxhobileyo kwizakhiwo apho kuthintelwe imipu.
Okwangoku, amanye amazwe acacisiwe xa kufikwa kwindawo enye yekhampasi: iminyhadala yezemidlalo. Kwangoko kulo nyaka, i-Arkansas yapasisa ikhampasi yayo ephethe umthetho, owalungiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela imipu kukhuphiswano lweembaleki. IGeorgia nayo ayiyivumeli imipu kwimidlalo yekholeji, kodwa umthetho uyazivumela iimipu ezifihliweyo e ukudibanisa .
Kuthekani ngamanye ama-39?
Iikholeji ezizodwa kunye neeyunivesithi zinokubona kumazwe angama-23 Ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba imipu ivumelekile na kwikhampasi yabo. Phakathi kwezi, amaziko oluntu e-Ohio anokubeka imigaqo-nkqubo yawo xa kuziwa kwimipu kwiindawo zeekhampasi nakwizakhiwo, kodwa imipu ivumelekile ngokomthetho ukuba iimoto ezitshixekileyo kwiindawo zokupaka .
Eyokugqibela I-16 ithi ukuthintela ngokungqalileyo ukuphatha imipu ngokufihlakeleyo nakweyiphi na ikholeji okanye iyunivesithi.
Uphando aluxhasi ikhampasi yokuphatha
Ngokombono wethu-kwaye ngokusekwe kwiqela elivelayo lophando-ukuvumela abantu ukuba baphathe imipu ekhampasi ayisiyondlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukudutyulwa kwabantu abaninzi kwaye, enyanisweni, kunokuba nakho ukukhokelela kwiziphumo zobundlobongela.
Uphando lwamva nje olwenziwe ngabaphengululi kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins baxoxa ngendlela imipu ekhampasi ebavumela ngayo abantu abafuna ukuzibulala ukufikelela lula kwimipu . Baqaphela ukuba oku kuyakhathaza ngakumbi kuba abantu abancinci, abamele kakhulu kwiikholeji zekholeji, banokuba semngciphekweni wokuzibulala okhokelela ekufeni okanye esibhedlele. Ewe ukuzibulala yeyona nto iphambili Okwesibini ohamba phambili unobangela wokufa phakathi kwabantu abakwikholeji.
Ngokubanzi, ukubulawa kompu kunokwenzeka ukuba kunxityelelaniswe iingxabano okanye ubundlobongela basekhaya Kunokudubula ngobuninzi. Abaphandi baseJohns Hopkins bacebisa ukuba imeko iyinyani nakwiikholeji zeekholeji, kunye neziganeko zemipu ezinokuthi zibandakanye ukungqubana phakathi kwabantu kunesiganeko sokudubula.
Ngelixa kungagxilwe ngokukodwa kwimithetho yompu wekhampasi, enye isifundo esitsha Ndizimisele ukuba amazwe afihliweyo athwale umthetho anamava okonyuka kolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela.
Siyakholelwa ukuba, endaweni yokuthintela ubundlobongela, imipu ekhampasi inokubabeka abantu emngciphekweni.
Zicinga ntoni iikholeji?
Uvakalelo oluxhaphakileyo kwizikolo ezininzi kulo lonke elaseMelika kubonakala ngathi lubonisa ukuba amaziko emfundo ephezulu awayijongi ikhampasi njengokuphucula ukhuseleko.
Ngelixa iikholeji zikawonkewonke kunye neeyunivesithi eTexas kufuneka zivumele ukuba kuqhutywe imipu, amaziko abucala anokukhetha ukwamkela ikhampasi phantsi komthetho wombuso. Okwangoku, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inye kuphela eyunivesithi yabucala kurhulumente wenze njalo.
Ngapha koko, iiyunivesithi ezininzi ekhampasini zithwele amazwe ziye zafuna ukucela umngeni kwimithetho yelizwe. Ngelixa ekugqibeleni ingaphumelelanga, amaziko oluntu Utah kwaye IColorado bathathe inxaxheba kwezomthetho ngeenzame zokugcina imipu ngaphandle kweekhampasi zabo.
Indlela ebhetele
Iziganeko ezininzi zakutshanje kwiikholeji kwilizwe liphela zibonise ukuba iikhampasi kungoku nje zizinto ezingunobangela woqhankqalazo kunye nezidubedube. Ubundlobongela obusandula ukwenziwa yimibutho yabamhlophe yesizwe kwiYunivesithi yaseVirginia nakwindawo ekufutshane nayo ibalaselise oku ngendlela ephazamisayo.
Ngamafutshane, akukho ngqiqweni ukulindela ukuba abalawuli beyunivesithi bakhathazeke ukuba ukuvumela imipu kwiikhampasi zabo kungakhokelela kubundlobongela, kubangele uloyiko kwindawo abahlala kuyo, kwaye kuphazamisane nomsebenzi wabo wokufundisa.
Aba ngabalawuli abafanayo abanokuthi banciphise imisebenzi yezemfundo neyoluntu abavakalelwa kukuba iyingozi (njengokwenza indawo zekhampasi zingafumaneki kwimisitho ethile). Kodwa kwi-11 ithi, abalawuli abanako ukwenza ezi zigqibo xa kuziwa kubuchwephesha kunye nabafundi abaphethe izixhobo ezifihliweyo.
Siyakholelwa ukuba umpu ekhampasini kufuneka ungavunyelwa ngqo - njengoko kunjalo kumazwe amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amazwe anyanzelisa ukugcina ikhampasi kuthwala imithetho, amaziko kufuneka ubuncinci anikwe imbono esemthethweni yokuyila imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yeemeko ezizodwa zekampus.
UNeal H. Hutchens , nguNjingalwazi weMfundo ePhakamileyo e KwiYunivesithi yaseMississippi kwaye UKerry B. Melear nguNjingalwazi wezoBunkokeli kunye neMfundo yaBacebisi e KwiYunivesithi yaseMississippi . Eli nqaku lapapashwa okokuqala ngo Incoko . Funda ifayile ye- Inqaku lokuqala .
