Kulungile, ndiza kudlala. Uyazi, uMdlalo woLuhlu lweNkulungwane-Slash-Millennium. Ndiyavuma ndandinqikaza ukungena kulo lonke elaseMan-of-the-Century, Movie-of-the-Millennium. Kodwa izinto ezimbalwa zitshintshe ingqondo yam: iminxeba evela kwinethiwekhi ezimbini kunye nemagazini yeendaba kumbuzo kaHitler- ngaba wayengoyena mntu ukhohlakeleyo kule nkulungwane? kufanelekile ukuba abe yiNdoda yenkulungwane, period? -ndandiqala ndicinga ngaloo magama. Kwaye ke nokufika kwencwadi ekudala ndikulangazelela, incwadi eyacebisa nge-Edgy Enthusiast End-of-Century Award yam yokuqala, leyo yeNoveli yeNkulungwane. Incwadi eyakhokelela koku kucamngca kwaye indiqinisekisile ekukhetheni kwam iNoveli ye-Century yayinguBrian Boyd obalaseleyo, obsessive, delirious, isifundo sokuthandaza, uNabokov's Pale Fire (iPrinceton University Press). Kwaye (faka i-21-gun salute apha) ibhaso lam leNoveli yeNkulungwane liye kuNabokov's Pale Fire, kunye no-Ulysses kunye noShadows kwi-Hudson bethatha isilivere kunye nebronze.
Isizathu seJaji: I-Pale Fire ngowona msebenzi wobugcisa weShakespearean inkulungwane yama-20 ivelisile, ekuphela kwentsomi yeprozi enika amanqanaba kaShakespearean obunzulu nobunzima, ubuhle, intlekele kunye nemfihlakalo engapheliyo.
Enye yeempumelelo zencwadi kaBrian Boyd kukuba uyenza icace gca indlela iPale Fire yinoveli kaShakespearean - kungekuphela nje ngombono wayo wehlabathi kunye nembonakalo yengingqi engenasiphelo kwiliso lehlabathi elinikayo, kodwa nakwindlela enzulu yeyiphi iPale Fire ehlaselwa yimisebenzi ethile kaShakespeare, kunye noShakespeare ngokwakhe njengoMdali. Ukuba, njengoko uMichael Woods (umbhali we The Magician’s Doubts) ephikisa, uPale Fire ubonelela ngemfundiso yezakwalizwi kwabo bathandabuzayo, uBrian Boyd wenza kucace iindlela ekuthi ngayo yimfundiso yobuthixo kaShakespeare.
Ngaphambi kokuba ndihlawule umrhumo wePale Fire, ndifuna ukuhlawula ngakumbi uBrian Boyd. Ewe, sele ndibulisile isibindi sakhe kunye nobukrelekrele njengomphengululi wokulahla isikhundla sakhe sangaphambili kumbuzo wombali we-Pale Fire kwiNabokov Centennial Night ngo-Epreli ophelileyo (jonga i-Edgy Enthusiast, i-Pale Ghost kaNabokov: I-Scholar Retracts, Aprili 26).
Kodwa kufanelekile ukuba afumane amawonga amatsha kolu viwo lutsha lovavanyo lwePale Fire. Uphando luphawuleka kancinci kwithiyori yakhe entsha yombuzo ophikisanayo (endingavumelani nawo ngentlonipho) kodwa indlela yakhe yokulandela umbuzo wombalisi iyenze nzulu i-vista yolonwabo kwinoveli kwaye-okona kubaluleke kakhulu-iveze elona nqanaba linzulu Ubuhlobo bukaShakespearean kunye nokutyikitywa kwiPale Fire.
Ukuba uCharles Kinbote lelona lizwi libalisayo lePale Fire, lowo ubhala amagqabantshintshi asemazantsi kumbongo ovula inoveli, ugqabazo olungenangqondo oluyinxalenye yencwadi, uBrian Boyd uye- kwaye ndithetha ukuba lelona liphezulu Ukuncoma- eyona Kinbote intle.
Phambi kokungena ngakumbi kubunzulu kunye novuyo lwethiyori yoMlilo, ndifuna ukunqumama apha ukuze kuzuze abo bangekangcamli ubumnandi bePale Fire. Misa ikhefu ukugxininisa ukuba kungakanani ukuzonwabisa okucocekileyo ekunikezelayo ngaphandle kwendlela ebonakala ngathi ayiqhelekanga. Ukulandela intshayelelo emfutshane, inoveli ivula ngombongo onemigca engama-999 kwiingoma ezinamaqhawe ezinesingci ezikhumbuza u-Alexander Pope, kodwa ibhalwe ngolwimi olufikelelekayo lwaseMelika ubuncinci ngaphezulu. Nceda ungoyikiswa bubude bombongo okanye ukwenzeka kwawo; kuyonwabisa ukufunda: okulusizi, okuhlekisayo, okucingayo, okutsaliweyo, okuphikisayo, okuzaliswe ngamathuba okumisa intliziyo okuthamba nobuhle.
Ukulandela umbongo (obizwa ngokuba yiPale Fire) ochongwe kwintshayelelo njengomsebenzi wokugqibela kaJohn Shade, imbongi yasentsomini efana neFrost-American, elinye ilizwi lithatha indawo: umhlaziyi uCharles Kinbote. Ilizwi elonwabisayo, elahlekisiweyo, nangaphezulu kwelizwi elinomda omncinci onamaphepha angama-200 eenkcazo kunye nezichaso kumbongo eziqulathe intsalela yenoveli. Ilizwi likaKinbote liyaphambana ngokupheleleyo-ngoyena mntu ubalisa ngokungenakuthenjwa, isifundiswa esiphambeneyo esenza umbongo ngobuqhetseba obukhoyo-kodwa saphikisana kwaphela. UKinbote ubeka izichasiso zakhe kumbhalo wakhe ibali lobudlelwane bakhe nembongi, uJohn Shade. Wenza njani ubuhlobo naye kwiinyanga zokugqibela zobomi bakhe ngelixa uShadade wayedala iPale Fire. Wayichaze njani kuMthunzi, ugxa wakhe ekholejini apho bobabini bafundisa khona uncwadi, ibali elimnandi (lakhe likaKinbote) ekucingelwa ukuba liyimfihlo: ukuba wayengenguye ngokwenene uCharles Kinbote, kodwa yayinguKumkani waseZembla owayegxothiwe. apho wayekhe walawula njengoCharles Othandekayo de wasuswa kubaphengululi ababi awabalekela kubo ekuthinjweni. Abavukeli abathumela umbulali ukuba amzingele, umbulali ogama lakhe lalibhekise kuKinbote, ngempazamo wabulala uJohn Shade.
Kwaye ngoku, emva kokuba ebalekile ngombhalo wesimbongi oswelekileyo wePale Fire, ebotshelelwe kwi-motel enexabiso eliphantsi ezintabeni, uKinbote uzama ukubonisa ngenkcazo yakhe ukuba ubugcisa bokugqibela buka-Shade bumalunga naye, malunga neKinbote, ngobomi bakhe obubuhlungu nobuthandanayo njengoKumkani waseZembla, ukubaleka kwakhe kunye nokudingiswa. Konke oku ngaphandle kwento yokuba, ngaphezulu, uKinbote okanye uZembla akaveli naphi na kwiPale Fire, ngaphandle kokuba lo mbongo ubonakala umphezulu njengelinge likaJohn Shade lokuzama ukumelana nentlekele yakhe, ukuzibulala kwesithandwa sakhe intombi uHazel Shade – kunye neenzame zakhe zokuphonononga ukubanakho ukunxibelelana naye kuBomi emva kokufa, ngaphesheya komda phakathi kobomi nokufa okumsusileyo kuye.
Njengoko benditshilo, kubonakala ngathi kuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nengqondo. Ngapha koko, ukufunda iPale Fire, zombini inoveli kunye nemibongo, yinto ephantse yonwabise inkanuko yenyama. Ndiyakuqinisekisa.
Kananjalo neziyolo zokufunda incwadi kaBrian Boyd mazingajongelwa phantsi, nangona ndikholelwa ukuba ufunda kwiPale Fire ibali lesiporho njengentsomi njengaleyo uKinbote ayifundayo kumbongo kaJohn Shade. Ibali lomphefumlo kaBoyd sisisombululo sakhe esitsha esihlaziyiweyo kumbuzo wePale Fire Narrator-Commentator: Ngubani uMphawuli uCharles Kinbote? Ukuba sikholelwa ukuba wayila into eyiliweyo edlulileyo njengoCharles Othandekayo waseZembla, kananjalo wasungula uJohn Shade imbongi ethi ufunda ibali lakhe laseZemblan? Okanye ngaba uMthunzi waqulunqa iKinbote?
Kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amathathu emva kokupapashwa kwePale Fire yowe-1962, uninzi lwabagxeki kunye nabafundi balandele isisombululo esinobuchule kule mfihlakalo sinikezelwa nguMary McCarthy kwisincoko esaziwayo saseRiphabhlikhi esitsha esithi A Bolt From the Blue. UMcCarthy uphikise kwimikhombandlela egalelwe kwiNkcazo yokuba umbhali wokwenene weNgxelo kunye neNtshayelelo (kunye nesalathiso) kwiPale Fire, oyinyani weZemblan fantasist, wayengumntu ongakhankanywanga kwiNkcazo, umntu asebenza naye kwezomthunzi waseShade naseKinbote obizwa, ngokwegama, V. Botkin.
Andizukungena kwiinkcukacha zesimo sakhe esimangalisayo apha, kwanele ukuba ithi iyacenga kwaye ibambe amandla de kwasekuqaleni kuka-1990 xa uBrian Boyd etyhila eyokuqala (kwaye ngoku ishiywe) ithiyori yoMlilo. Ngokusekwe kutoliko lukaMnu.Boyd lwe-epigraph elahliweyo evela kumbhalo-ngqangi ohlaziyiweyo weNabokov, uMnu.Boyd wathi iKinbote yayingekho njengeBotkin, okanye njengeziko elahlukileyo lalo naluphi na uhlobo: ukuba iKinbote yaqanjwa nguJohn Shade Ubhale lo mbongo ubizwa ngokuba nguMlilo wePale kodwa waqamba umphengululi-mhlaziyi waseRussia ukuba abhale iNkcazo eyawuphosakeleyo umbongo kaShadade njengephupha likaZemblan.
Kulungile, andenzi bulungisa kwingqikelelo kaBoyd mhlawumbi kuba andikaze ndiyifumanise iyanelisa: Bekusoloko kubonakala ngathi kunciphisa ngokungeyomfuneko ukuwa amazwi kwinoveli ukusuka kwimbini kuye kwenye. Ithiyori kaMnu.Boyd yatsala inani lamakholwa azibiza ngokuba ngabaseShadani- nasemva kokuba uMnu.Boyd eyitsale irabha ngaphantsi kwabo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ngokubuyela kwisikhundla esiphakathi esithi, Hayi, hayi, uMthunzi awuzange Qulunqa uKinbote, kodwa umoya kaShadade, emva kokubulawa kwakhe, ngandlela thile waphefumlela uKinbote's (okanye uBotkin's) uZemblan fantasy ovela ngaphaya.
Kodwa ngoku uMnu.Boyd uyikhuphile kwakhona irabha phantsi kwakhe.
Kwithiyori yakhe entsha, uMnu.Boyd uye wamlahla ngokupheleleyo uJohn Shade ngelithi oyena mthombo, oyinkuthazo yokwenyani yomhlaba omangalisayo waseZembla, ayisiyo iKinbote okanye iShadade okanye uMthunzi osuka ngaphesheya kwengcwaba, kodwa Intombi kaJohn Shade ongasekhoyo uHazel onesiporho, utshilo uMnumzana uBoyd, esithi u-Zemblan uqhubela phambili kumbongo kaJohn Shade kunye noKinbote.
Nangona uMnu.Boyd ezama ukuthethelela inkqubo yophando eyakhokelela kwesi sigqibo ngokubhekisele kwigqwetha elikhulu lokufumanisa inzululwazi uKarl Popper, uMnu.Boyd wasityeshela isilumkiso segqirha langaphambili, isithandi sobulumko sexesha eliphakathi uWilliam wase-Ockham, owayedumile isilumkiso: Amaqumrhu akufuneki aphindwe ngaphandle kwemfuneko.
Ndimele ndinyanisile kwaye ndithi uBrian Boyd oguqula isiporho sikaHazel Shade kwimyuziyam yaseKinbote ubonakala kum njengomzekelo wesipho esinegunya esiya kwelinye iqumrhu ngaphandle kwemfuneko. Nangona kunjalo kufuneka nditsho ukuba, ayinamsebenzi, ayiphazamisi kwincwadi kaMnu.Boyd, ayiphazamisi ekuthabathekeni kwam ubuhle bukaMnumzana Boyd obuhle baseKinbotean ngePale Fire. Ukuba ayiphazamisi, into eyenzayo iphazamisa indlela ihering ebomvu ephazamisa ngayo, kwimpumelelo yencwadi kaMnu.Boyd: umzamo wakhe ophumeleleyo wokugxila ekugxininisweni kukaNabokov ePale Fire ngemfihlakalo yobomi basemva kokufa, Ngokukodwa emva kobugcisa emva kobomi bukaShakespeare. Imyuziyam yesiporho eyatyhilwa ngokwenyani nguMnu.Boyd yokugrumba iPale Fire ayisiyonto yesiporho sikaHazel Shade kodwa ngumthunzi kaWilliam Shakespeare.
Yayingumfazi kaNabokov, uVéra, uMnu.Boyd usikhumbuza kumbhalo osemazantsi, owakhetha i-potustoronnost (engaphaya) njengeyona 'mxholo uphambili' womyeni wakhe kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Umxholo uhlala ungakhathalelwanga, okanye ujongelwe phantsi, kwinkcazo ngomlilo wePale. Ewe, yonke into yesiThathu yeCanto yombongo kaJohn Shade wesine wecanto Umbongo woMlilo unikezelwe kuhambo lukaJohn Shade kwinto ebizwa ngokuba liZiko lokuLungiselela uKamva emva kokuba ecamngca malunga nethuba lokunxibelelana nentombi yakhe elahlekileyo kulwahlulo phakathi kobomi nasemva kokufa.
Kodwa zininzi kakhulu, ndiyakholelwa, zifunde ukukhangela kweShadade kweempawu kunye nemikhondo yelixesha elizayo emva nje kokuba kulihlazo. Umdlalo wokuhlekisa ukhona kodwa kuphela njengesigqubuthelo semfihlakalo engapheliyo, kwangaxeshanye uhlekisa kwaye ahlawule irhafu.
Imfihlelo yatsho ngokucacileyo kuyo yonke imigca yombongo wePale Fire oqala kwivenkile eyaziwayo yokuvula: Ndisisithunzela somntu obuleweyo / Nge-azure engeyiyo kwifestile; / Ndandiye loo mntu u-ashen fluff-kwaye mna / ndahlala , wandiza, kwisibhakabhaka esibonakalisiweyo.
Ubomi emva kokufa esibhakabhakeni esibonakalisiweyo, esiboniswe emva komhlaba wobugcisa. Enye yezinto endiyifumanayo iyacaphukisa malunga nendlela abantu abafunda ngayo iPale Fire (kwaye babhale ngayo) kukusilela okuphindaphindayo ukuthatha umbongo, umsebenzi omangalisayo omgca we-999 obizwa ngokuba yiPale Fire, ngokwaneleyo ngokwaneleyo, ngokwawo. Ngapha koko, lo mbongo njengoko umi wedwa, nangaphandle kweNgxelo, ngumsebenzi onamandla kwaye mhle wobugcisa, enye, endinokuphikisa ngayo, ifanelwe kukuqwalaselwa ngakumbi kunokuba ifunyanwa kwabo bangabonakali befumana ngaphezulu kunokuba i-pastiche yeKinbote ixhamle kunye ne-exesgesges yakhe.
Ngapha koko, mandithabathe inyathelo lokwenyani apha, ndiyeke ndiphume ngomlenze omncinci onokuvela, mandenze le ngxelo ilandelayo: AyisiyiPale Fire kuphela (iNgesi-uLwimi lwesiNgesi) iNoveli yeNkulungwane, kodwa iPale Fire Umbongo ngaphakathi kwinoveli unokuthi ujongwe njengoMbongo weNkulungwane ngokwawo.
Kodwa makhe ndibuye ngokufutshane kubomi basemva kokufa. Njengoko besenditshilo, ayisiyiyo ingxoxo kaMnumzana uBoyd yokuba isiporho sikaHazel Shade sisigcina-mva sobomi sePale Fire esenza ukuba incwadi yakhe ikhanye njengoko kukuhlola kwakhe ubomi basemva kweShakespeare ePale Fire. Ngokukodwa, ubomi basemva kweHamlet, umoya kwiHamlet, kunye neHamlet njengesiporho esihlasela iPale Fire.
Ekuqaleni kwenkcazo kaKinbote malunga nombongo, ukhala ngokuchasene neentshaba zakhe: Iintliziyo ezinjalo, iingqondo ezinjalo, azinakukwazi ukuqonda ukuba ukunamathela komntu kubugcisa kunokuba nzima kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kungaphantsi kwethala elingena umbonisi kunye nokuzala kuphela, elidlulileyo elidibana naye apho kunye nokubhalwa kombhali omsulwa.
Xa ndiphinda ndifunda esi sicatshulwa, ekuqaleni ndacinga ngaso njengohlobo lwesifaniso sikaBrian Boyd sokuncamathisela okungathethekiyo kobugcisa, ngakumbi kwicala langaphantsi lokuluka iPale Fire -kwindlela uMnu. Boyd abeyiKinbote kaKinbote ngayo. Kodwa ukuntywiliselwa kwiikhoyili zeso sicatshulwa ndicinga ukuba kukho imbonakalo yendlela uVladimir Nabokov athe yena ngokwakhe waba nguShakespeare's Kinbote: umhlaziyi onwabileyo ngokuzincamathisela kwakhe kumdali onobuhlobo, uWilliam Shakespeare.
Xa uKinbote ethetha ‘ngomluko wokungena, uthetha ngomngeneli njengowokuphela okuzalayo, eli binzana lingaqondakaliyo lesithunzi esikhutshiweyo ekunikezelweni koonethi bakaShakespeare kubazaleli babo.
Abaphengululi baphikise iinkulungwane malunga nobume nokubaluleka komntu ozalayo, kodwa akunakubakho mathandabuzo okuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuzala kwiPale Fire ngomnye umzekelo wendlela ephantsi kogcino lomlilo wePale Fire udutyulwa ngewebhu Izalathiso zikaShakespearean, indlela iPale Fire ezinikele ngayo, ekhutshwe ngumsebenzi kaShakespeare- hayi eyona icacileyo.
Eyona icacileyo nguTimon waseAthene, kuba kubonakala ngathi ekuqaleni iPale Fire ithatha isihloko sayo kule ndlela imangalisayo eTimon, isigwebo esibuhlungu sesibhakabhaka se-Universal Theft:
Ndiza kukubonisa ngobusela:
Ilanga lisela, kunye nomtsalane wakhe omkhulu
Ukuphanga ulwandle olukhulu; inyanga isela elifikayo,
Kwaye umlilo wakhe omthubi uyaxhwila elangeni;
Ulwandle ulisela, ulwelo lwalo olusombululayo luyasombuluka
Inyanga ibe ziinyembezi zetyuwa.
UThixo mkhulu kakhulu! Oko kugqitywa kolwelo lokugqibela okusombulula inyanga ukuba ibe ziinyembezi zetyuwa: umfanekiso, ewe, wokukhanya kwenyanga unyibilikile (ubonakalisiwe) kumphezulu wamaza, wanyibilika waba ziinyembezi zegolide ezikhazimlayo. Kwaye, ewe, umxholo wobusela, yonke indalo njengobusela kuMdali omkhulu, uyadutyulwa kule ncwadi kwaye inokubonakalisa ubusela bukaNabokov ukusuka-ubuncinci kwityala lakhe- uShakespeare.
Kodwa uBrian Boyd uza nemvelaphi engacacanga kodwa mhlawumbi ebaluleke ngakumbi kwimvelaphi kaShakespearean ngesihloko sePale Fire: umoya opholileyo eHamlet othetha ngokungxama kwakhe ekuzeni kokusa ukuze abuyele kwimililo yomlilo yangaphantsi kule migaqo:
Ndiza kukugcina kakuhle kanye!
Umbungu ovuthayo ubonakalisa ukuba kufutshane,
Kwaye i-gins yokuqaqambisa umlilo wakhe ...
U-Boyd wenza ikhonkco eliqaqambileyo phakathi kweso sicatshulwa kwi-Hamlet malunga nesiporho kunye nesibungu esivuthayo kunye nesiqwenga sombongo kwi-Commentary to Pale Fire, imigca apho uJohn Shade enza ukuba uShakespeare abe sisiporho sombane, isibungu esimangalisayo, esikhanyayo imbonakalo yelizwe yangoku engaphaya:
Abafileyo, abafileyo abathobekileyo - ngubani owaziyo? -
Kwiifilthi ze-tungsten zihlala,
Kwaye kwitafile yam esecaleni kwebhedi kuyakhazimla
Omnye umtshakazi ohambileyo.
Kwaye mhlawumbi iShakespeare izikhukula zizonke
Idolophu enezibane ezingenakubalwa.
Umbongo kaShadade (okwenyani ukwenziwa kukaNabokov) ubizwa ngokuba yiNdalo yoMbane, kwaye, enyanisweni, kufakelwa isafobe kwisindululo sayo sokuba okwangoku okuvela kubomi basemva kobomi kukhanyisa indalo yanamhlanje, ukuba umphefumlo kaShakespeare ukhanyisela indalo kaNabokov.
Ndicinga ukuba uMnu.Boyd ngoyena usisilumko xa egqabaza ngale ndawo: Ukukhutshwa kukaShakespeare kukhukula yonke idolophu ngokukhanya [kuphakamisa] into ethe gabalala neyothusayo ngamandla kaShakespeare okudala… Ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya esiphelweni sePale Fire Shakespeare iphinda ivele umfanekiso wobugqwetha obungummangaliso. Kwaye wongeza enye imeko kaShakespeare njengomoya wombane kwiNgxelo kaKinbote xa i-annotator ephikisayo: Inzululwazi isixelela, ngendlela, ukuba uMhlaba awuzukuwa nje ngokwahlukileyo kodwa uphele njengomoya, ukuba uMbane ngebhaqo wasuswa ngesiquphe Umhlaba.
Umbane, njengesiporho esidala umhlaba, awuyikhathazi nje kodwa uyibambe ngokudibeneyo, uyinika ukuhambelana; UShakespeare njengesiporho esinika iPale Fire umanyano lwayo olothusayo- indlela isuntswana ngalinye libonisa ngayo yonke into njengelitye elinqabileyo, indlela yonke elirhuqa ngayo isuntswana ngalinye njengomoya wokudibana. Kodwa ekucaciseni kukaMnu.Boyd komxholo ayisosiporho nje sikaShakespeare, kodwa sisiporho esithile eShakespeare: sisiporho seHamlet, esingumoya oxhoma iPale Fire.
Ngaba ayinqweneli into yokuba iinoveli ezimbini ezisengqondweni yam eyona mpikiswano iphambili yempumelelo yenkulungwane, u-Ulysses kunye noPale Fire, bobabini bahlaselwa ngumoya kaHamlet? Joyce, njengoko ndiqinisekile ukuba uyazi, wanikela isahluko esipheleleyo se-Ulysses, isahluko esibalulekileyo seSylla kunye neCharybdis, kwingcamango ye-eccentric yobudlelwane obukhethekileyo phakathi kweShakespeare kunye nesiporho eHamlet. Kwi-apocrypha (kodwa kungenakwenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo) isithethe esingaqhelekanga sokuba enye yeendima uShakespeare adlale njengomdlali weqonga yayinguMoya eHamlet. Kwaye ukuba, ekhala eqongeni kunyana wakhe (igama lakhe, iNkosana uHamlet oselula) kuyo yonke iyantlukwano phakathi kobomi kunye nasemva kobomi, uShakespeare wayenguye ngokwakhe - ithiyori iya-ngandlel 'ithile ekhala kumoya ongasekhoyo wonyana wakhe, iwele obizwa ngokuba nguHamnet, owafa eneminyaka eyi-11, kungekude ngaphambi kokuba uShakespeare abhale okanye ubuncinci adlale eHamlet.
Kwiqatha lentelekelelo kaJoyce malunga nooyise abangasekhoyo noonyana, iiHamlets kunye neShakespeares, umntu unokumva uShakespeare evela njengoyise wesiporho kaJoyce. Kwaye ngokufanayo kuNabokov njengoyise wesiporho sePale Fire.
UNabokov, uMnu.Boyd usikhumbuza, kanye xa kwathiwa nguHamlet owona mmangaliso mkhulu kuncwadi. Yintoni eyenza iNoveli yoMlilo ePale ye-Century kukuba, phantse iyodwa, ine-bolt engummangaliso ngokupheleleyo evela kumgangatho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Pale Fire iyothusa, iyamangalisa, iyatshintsha ubomi njengokuvela kokumisa kwentliziyo ngesiquphe. Kwaye isiporho sokwenyani esikhuthaza uMlilo wePale ukusuka ngaphaya kwengcwaba, isithunzi sokwenyani esikhathaza isibhakabhaka saso esibonakalisiweyo asisiHazel Shade, kodwa yiHamlet kaShakespeare.
