Isango lokungena kwinkampu yokufa yamaNazi Auschwitz ekuphumeni kwelanga.UJANEK SKARZYNSKI / AFP / imifanekiso kaFetty IPoland ikhusela imbeko yayo. Yiyo loo nto izindlu zombini zePalamente udlulise ityala Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwamabinzana afana neenkampu zokufa zasePoland, ngokubhekisele kwiinkampu zoxinaniso zamaNazi. Umthetho oyilwayo uwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, wohlwaywe iminyaka emithathu entolongweni , ukunika abantu basePoland okanye ilizwe lasePoland uxanduva okanye uxanduva ngokudibeneyo kulwaphulo-mthetho lwamaNazi olwenziwe liLizwe lesiThathu.
Ibango kukuba, nangona yayisePoland, iinkampu zamaNazi zaziqhutywa ngamaNazi, hayi ngamaPoland, kwaye ke nazo iiPoland, zazingamaxhoba. Ibango kukuba iipolisi, nazo, zafa ezandleni zamaNazi.
Lo mba ubukhathaza iPoland ukusukela ukuphela kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi.
Xa bexoxa ngemfazwe, abantu abaninzi bawela kumgibe wokuqhekeza zonke iinkampu zamaNazi kudidi olunye, bazibiza ngokuba ziinkampu zoxinaniso zonke. Kodwa iinkampu zeza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo oqeqesho kunye nenjongo. Kwakukho ibanjwa leenkampu zemfazwe, apho iiPolesi ezininzi zazifundiswa khona. Kwakukho neenkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima kuzo kunye neenkampu zokufa. AmaNazi ayile Iinkampu ezingama-457 ePoland.
Ixesha lenkampu yoxinaniso ligama eliqhelekileyo, kodwa alichazi ngokupheleleyo imeko yenkampu yokufa.
Babe iinkampu zokufa ezintandathu zamaNazi , zonke zazisePoland. Zakhiwa ngenjongo enye kuphela: ukubulala uninzi lwamaJuda kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Amagama abo nguChelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec kwaye, abona badumileyo kubo bonke, yiAuschwitz.
IAuschwitz iphantse yahluleka ukuhlelwa. Ngaphezulu kwenkampu yokufa, yayiyi yonke inkqubo yekampu yamaNazi Engaqulathanga kuphela iinkampu zabasebenzi kunye nezokufa, kodwa zininzi zezityalo kunye neefektri, kubandakanya nezo ze-IG Farben kunye neKrupp.
IAuschwitz ndaye ndasekwa njenge ibanjwa lenkampu yemfazwe apho amabanjwa asePoland ayegcinwe khona. Namhlanje, i-museum esemthethweni yenkampu inikezelwe ukuxela ibali lamabanjwa asePoland emfazwe. Kuphela umboniso omnye , ebekwe kwigumbi elinye, inikezelwe kwinto eyenzeka kwisigidi samaYuda abulawa eAuschwitz. Ngaphandle kokuba uye e-Auschwitz II, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Birkenau, ngekhe ubone naluphina uhlobo lobomi babo okanye lokufa kwabo.
I-Birkenau yayiyeyona nto inkulu kuzo zonke iinkampu. Inkulu ngendlela eyoyikisayo, inkulu kakhulu kangangokuba awukwazi ukubona umjikelezo. Konke okubonayo ziitshimini. Itshimini, emva kwetshimini, emva kwetshimini. IBirkenau yaphangwa emva kwemfazwe ngabantu basekuhlaleni abaphanga izisele zomkhosi kwaye wasebenzisa iinkuni ukufudumeza amakhaya abo. Konke okuseleyo ziitshimini zezitena kunye nentsalela yecrematoria eyonakalisiweyo.
Iinkampu zokufa zazingafuneki. AmaJuda abulawa kwimizuzu nje embalwa efikile. Babenokulinda iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ukusuka kwinkampu kwiimoto zeenkomo ezazithutha, kodwa xa bekhutshiwe kwiqonga, bahamba ngokuthe ngqo ekufeni kwabo.
Zonke iinkampu zokufa ezintandathu zisebenzisa igesi njengemodus operandi. Irhasi eyahlukeneyo yayisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo yokubulala. IZyklon B yayisetyenziswa eAuschwitz, Belzec naseMajdanek. Ikharbon monoksayidi yayisetyenziswa eSobibor, eTreblinka naseChelmno.
Ezi nkampu yayiyimizi-mveliso esebenzayo yokufa. Imveliso abayivelisileyo yayikukufa, kwaye imodeli yabo yeshishini yayikhawuleza, ilungelelanisiwe kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi. Ezi nkampu zazakhelwe ukubulala amaYuda— onke amaYuda aseYurophu .
Njengoko uHitler wayesiya ePoland ngobusuku beMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, zazikho malunga nezigidi ezi-3 AmaJuda ahlala apho. Kuphela iipesenti ezilishumi , yamaYuda asePoland asinda kumatshini wokubulala.
Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1933 Inkampu yaseJamani iDachau . Kulapho ke nalapho amaNazi aqala khona ukubulala izinto ezingathandekiyo. Babulala abantu baseJamani abakhubazekileyo ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasemzimbeni, bebabiza ukubulawa kwabantu ngokunyaniseka . Abemi baseJamani bacaphuka ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu, ngoko amaNazi afudukela ePoland.
Isifundo amaNazi asifundileyo koku yayikukufumana amaziko okubulala kude neJamani. Ke, bagqiba kwelokuba basombulule ingxaki yamaJuda ngokwakha iinkampu zokufa ePoland. AmaNazi ashukumisela amaYuda asebenzisa i inkqubo kaloliwe yesizwe , bakha iinkampu zabo ePoland, baza babhalisa abantu basePoland ukuba basebenze.
Zintathu izinto eziphambili kwi-Holocaust. Kukho abenzi bobubi, kukho ababukeli, kwaye kukho amaxhoba. Iipali kubonakala ngathi zifuna ukuphazamisa imigca phakathi kwala maqela-yiyo loo nto lo mthetho usayilwayo waphunyezwa. Abenzi bobubi bafuna ukuba ngabantu ababukeleyo, nabantu ababukeleyo bafuna ukuba ngamaxhoba. Ngokutshintsha isikhundla sakho, uzikhulula kwityala.
Uninzi lwePoland lwalubukele. Ezinye iiPolisi zazingamaxhoba, kwaye abanye babengamahlakani. Kulula ukuzithethelela ngento oyenzileyo — okanye ongakhange uyenze — ngokutshintsha isimo sakho. Kulula ukubachazela abantwana bakho nabazukulwana. Akukho mntu ufuna ukwamkela kubantwana bakhe ukuba babukele okanye bancedisa ekubulaweni kwezigidi zabantu.
Ayizizo zonke i-Poland ezisebenzisanayo namaNazi. Iipali ezingamawaka amathandathu bazukisiwe ngokusindisa amaYuda. Babizwa ngokuba ziintlanga ezingamalungisa, kwaye ngamnye kubo unomthi otyalwe egameni labo eYad Vashem, iSikhumbuzo saMazwe ngaMazwe seNkohlakalo eJerusalem. Aba bemi basePoland babeka ubomi babo esichengeni ukuze basindise ubomi bamaJuda. Zininzi iipoli ezalile imbeko ngenxa yokoyika ukubuyela umva ngokuchasene nabo kunye neentsapho zabo.
IiPolesi ezingakumbi zisindise amaJuda kunakweliphi na ilizwe — kodwa ezinye iiPali idityanisiwe namaNazi. Ufuna ukuphazamisa indima edlalwa yiPoland edlalwa kumatshini wokufa wamaNazi iyaqondakala, kodwa ayilunganga. Ngokwenene luhlaziyo lwembali.
