Ligcinelwe ntoni ikamva leqhawe lakho kubaphulaphuli naseHollywood?Izitudiyo ezimangalisayo Kwiintsuku zokuqala zentetho ye-cinema, ibetha ngathi Isitalato i-42nd (Ngo-1933), Bonisa isikhephe (1936) kunye IWizard yeOz (Ngo-1939) wanceda ukungakhathaleli umculo onomdla. Oku kuqhubeke ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20 nge Singin ’Emvuleni (Ngo-1952), Ibali laseNtshona (1961) kunye nobukhosi obukhulayo beDisney nge UMary Poppins (Ngo-1964). Ngelixa umculo bhanyabhanya ungazange uphele ngokupheleleyo ekungacacini, ekugqibeleni ukubalasela kwawo kwaqala ukuncipha. Kungekudala i-Hollywood yenkulungwane ye-Hollywood yathabatheka ngabantu baseNtshona. Emini emaqanda (Ngo-1952), Shane intsingiselo yegama (1953) kunye Ukukhangela (Ngo-1956) wanceda ekumiseni olo hlobo lokuzonwabisa njengelona xesha lifutshane lokuzonwabisa lelizwe, uninzi lwayo olunokukhunjulwa ngombala oqaqambileyo. Kodwa uBawo wexesha akoyiswa, kwaye ngelixa iiNeo-Westerns zikwazile ukwenza ukubuya okuncinci ngeendlela ezithile, ukuqokelelwa kwamaqela ayisiyiyo eyolonwabo kwezi ntsuku.
Isifundo sihlala sinye: akukho nto intle ihlala ihleli eHollywood.
I-behemoth yenkcubeko yangoku elawula zombini ii-multiplexes kunye nezikrini ezincinci ngokufanayo luhlobo lwe-superhero. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nabasindisi beHollywood bangaphambili abafika bahamba ngendlela yeBlockbuster okanye iQuibi, ii-capes-and-cowls ziye zaba ngaphezulu kwendlela edlulayo. Zibubomi begazi kwimodeli yoqoqosho iphela ngoku. Ukungathembeki okunxulunyaniswe nombono wokudinwa ngokugqithileyo kuye kwaqhubeka kangangeminyaka engama-20, ukanti uhlobo olo lomelele kwaye lukho kuyo yonke indawo kunangaphambili.
I-Disney's Marvel Cinematic Universe, iWarner Bros. 'I-DC eyongezelelweyo, i-Sony Pictures' Umhlaba wabalinganiswa beMarvel kunye nokutyhala kwegalactic yezixhobo zemultimedia eziyingqongileyo kugcine ukongama kohlobo ngokukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Emva kweminyaka engama-20 yokunyuka komdla, isoyikiso sokudinwa ngokubalaseleyo siye salaliswa kancinci okanye kancinci. Ibhola ayikhange ivele kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayizukukhawuleza. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba uhlobo oluhlala luhleli luhleli okanye luhleli. Imiceli mngeni isahleli. 
Abagibeli: Umdlalo wokugqibela Yeyona bhanyabhanya inezona mali ziphezulu kwimbali.Izitudiyo ezimangalisayo
Njani amaqhawe aye atshintsha inkomo yemali yaseHollywood
Uqobo lukaChristopher Reeve Superman Iifilimu zee-1970 kunye nee-1980 zidityaniswe kakuhle ne Idabi leenkwenkwezi Ukuguqula ubuxoki benzululwazi bube ngumgaqo weebhloko zebhloko. UTim Burton Batman (1989) ikhule yaba yinto epheleleyo. Kodwa ii-1990s zanikezela ngezinto ezincomekayo zencwadi ye-punchline eHollywood ngeparade engapheliyo yeeflopsy flops. Umtya (1998), X-Amadoda (2000) kunye Indoda yesigcawu (2002) bonke banceda ukutshintsha iparadigm. Kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo olona tshintsho lukhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwefilimu enkulu aluzange luqale ngabalinganiswa beencwadi ezihlekisayo.
Ngo-2002, Isazisi seBourne Ukutshintsha indlela abantu ngokubanzi abajonga ngayo impimpi eyanyanzelisa ukucinga kwakhona kukaJames Bond njengentlola e-grittier eboniswe nguDaniel Craig kwi Ikhasino yaseRoyal , UJason Cherubini, umseki kunye no-CFO we-Dawn's Light Media, inkampani yemveliso yemiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye nemithombo yeendaba ethi ivelise ubukhulu becala iifilimu zomdlalo kunye nohlobo olonwabisayo, uxelele uMbonisi. Olu tshintsho lubhekisele kubunyani bokwenyani kwii-tentpole franchise ziboniswe nguChristopher Nolan uthathe uBatman.
Ukusukela ngoko, ukonwatyiswa kwe-superhero yescreen kwandise indawo yayo ye-cinematic kwiipropathi ezininzi nakumajelo ahlala echukumisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. ZikaNolan Umkhweli hase omnyama uvukile linyathelo eliphethe inyathelo lokwahlula phakathi kwezentlalo noqoqosho phakathi kweeklasi. Ukumangalisa UCaptain America: Ijoni lasebusika yimincili ye-espionage. Ngaphambi kokuba athathwe yiDisney, iifilimu zeFox zawela kwezinye iintlobo-nge Logan , Neo-Western, kunye Ipuli efile , umdlalo ohlekisayo-oko kwenzeka nje ukuba kuboniswe abalinganiswa beencwadi ezihlekisayo.
Oku kwamkelwa luluntu oludla ngokuzonwabisa kukwanda kwento ethathwa njengeyona 'bhanyabhanya ibalaseleyo' kudlulele ngaphaya kweMarvel, utshilo uCherubini. Kuzo zonke iindlela eziphosakeleyo zeDC ekwenzeni indalo yazo ekwabelwana ngayo ngebhanyabhanya, bakwazi ukuxela a Ifilimu ebukekayo malunga nempilo yengqondo ngeembono zomntu owaziwayo, uJoker. Yithande okanye uyithiye, inyani yokuba Joker wenza i-1 yezigidigidi zeedola kwibhokisi yeofisi yomhlaba wonke uthetha ngokubanzi malunga nesicwangciso.
Ngokubhekisele kwiscreen sesilivere, imveliso yangoku kunye nekamva iya kuqhutywa ngakumbi ziimarike zangaphandle.
I-DC iqhubekile nale mpumelelo kwihlabathi likamabonwakude ngokujolisa kubantu abadala abancinci nge-CW's Arrowverse kunye nokuphindaphinda ezinye iipropathi ze-superhero ukuxelela amabali eencwadi ezihlekisayo ezinje Ukujongwa kweDoom kwaye Harley Quinn . Ngoku, uthotho lweDisney + Marvel lukwabonelela ngethuba lokukhangela abalinganiswa besibini ngeendlela ezityhalela phambili i-MCU phambili kwizalathiso ezizodwa zokubalisa amabali. Yiyiphi enye into onokuyibona kwincwadi yehlaya yeTV ebonisa ukuzibophelela ngokupheleleyo nangokugqibeleleyo ekuhlekiseni ngeembali zeTV? Kwiphepha eliphambene nebala, ii-HBO's Abalindi kuguqulwe uhlobo lwe-superhero ukuya yongeza kwimithombo yolwazi kunye nokubeka umboniso kamabonakude odumileyo kwindalo iphela, kunokuba uxelise ngokungacacanga kokupholileyo ngoku kwi-zeitgeist.
Ukwanda ngaphaya kweeyunivesithi zokuqala zeMarvel kunye neDC kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kuhlala kuyinto engahambelaniyo. IiAmazon Ukungoyisi Ukuziqhelanisa nabaphulaphuli kunye nohlobo lokuhambisa izothuso ezizuzwe kakuhle ezigxunyekwe kwiiposos ezinamagazi nezikhulileyo. INetflix's Ilifa likaJupiter ibingadibani kwaye ukungcola okubizayo . Ke, ukuze amaqhawe amatsha angene kwimbonakalo yomhlaba, kuyakufuneka afumane i-engile etsala umdla kwaye ezahlule kwiminikelo egqithisileyo eyandulelayo.
Imiceli mngeni ejongene nohlobo lweqhawe ngoku
Ukudinwa kwe-Superhero akukabi sisongelo esibonakalayo ngaphandle kokusilela kweeprojekthi zamva nje ezinje Ilifa likaJupiter , Igazi okanye Yeyake nkwenkwe . Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba imakethi yaseMelika ayisebenzi kakhulu.
Ngokubhekisele kwiscreen sesilivere, imveliso yangoku neyexesha elizayo iya kuqhutywa ngakumbi ziimarike zangaphandle, uKendall Phillips, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseSyrause yaseKholeji yoBugcisa nezoBugcisa ezifundisa Ubungqina beFilimu: Indalo yeCinematic Universe , uxelele uMqwalaseli. Ezi marike zingenakho ukubonakaliswa kakhulu kwaye, ke imiboniso bhanyabhanya enkulu enkulu isenokuhlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ndiyarhana ukuba ifilimu enkulu ye-tentpole superhero ingaqala ukuphulukana nomtsalane wayo kwabanye.
UPhillips walatha kuye Abagibeli: Umdlalo wokugqibela , eyayisebenza njengexesha lonyaka okanye uluhlu lokugqibela lweentlobo ukuya kumzimba wokuqala we-MCU, njengendawo yokuhamba evakalayo yabalandeli abaqhelekileyo. Njengoko uMarvel evuseleleka Isigaba IV , kufanelekile ukuzibuza ukuba ingaba inokuhlanganisa uhlobo olufanayo lwesibheno sobunzima kwenye iarc enkulu egungqisa indalo iphela. Isenokuba sesinye sezizathu zokuba iMarvel itshintshele kugxininiso ngakumbi kwinkonzo yokusasaza.
Njengayo nayiphi na into, abaphulaphuli baya kuqhubeka nokuxhasa iifilimu kude kube yimarike yomile, izimvo ziphelile kwaye ukwenziwa akukho.
Ngokwenkcubeko, ndiyazibuza ukuba ingaba ibali le-superhero lihlala lihambelana njani, uqhubeke uPhillips. Uninzi lweefilimu ezibalaseleyo zimalunga nobubi kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, amaqhawe ajika kakubi, kwimixholo yawo emalunga nethemba. USperman uhlala esenza into elungileyo kwaye aphumelele ekugqibeleni. I-Thanos inokuphumelela Imfazwe engapheliyo , kodwa siyazi kwi Igama lokugqibela iya kuba ngamagorha ethu asindisa umhla. Andiqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba abaphulaphuli baziva olo hlobo lwethemba ngalo mzuzu.
Kwincwadi yakhe ezayo, ICinema yokuNgena themba , UPhillips ubhala malunga ne-MCU kwaye uchaza ukuba ngelixa la ingamabali woloyiso lwegorha, kukwagcwele neengxelo zokungathembani, ukungcatshwa kunye nokusilela. Ukulandela iminyaka yezidubedube zezopolitiko kunye neenyanga ezili-18 zobhubhane wehlabathi, ezi meko zimnyama zinokuba zixhaphake ngakumbi kwinkcubeko yethu ngalo mzuzu.
Yonke ifranchise ngaphandle kukaJames Bond iyadinisa abantu, uBarry London, owayesakuba ngusekela sihlalo weqela lemifanekiso eshukumayo eParamount Pictures, uxelele uMbonisi. Njengayo nayiphi na into, abaphulaphuli baya kuqhubeka nokuxhasa iifilimu kude kube yimarike yomile, izimvo ziphelile kwaye ukwenziwa akukho. 
Ubuhlungu Isony
Yintoni eza kusinika yona ngokuvela kwindumasi elandelayo
I-Entropy isifundisile ukuba ukuziqhelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo zizinto eziyimfuneko kubomi obude. Siza kubona ukuqhubela phambili kwamabali amakhulu abaliswa njengoko kufuneka ukuba ngumama woyilo. NgeMarvel yokufumana kwakhona amalungelo X-Amadoda kwaye Ezine ezigqibeleleyo , Abaphulaphuli baya kubona ukuphindaphinda okutsha kwabalinganiswa be-iconic kule minyaka izayo. Kodwa i-MCU ikwavumela ngobukrelekrele amaqhawe amadala anjengoRobert Downey Jr.I-Iron Man kunye noChris Evans uKapteni waseMelika ukuba enze ubabalo ubekhona kwaye azise amaqhawe amatsha ukuba athathe indawo yawo.
Ukuphuhlisa i-IP njengencwadi yamahlaya kubiza kakhulu kwaye kuvumela umyili ukuba aphuhlise amabali amabali anokugqibela ayenze ifilimu, ngelixa esakha inqanaba lokubonwa kwabaphulaphuli.
Sisicwangciso sokuvuselela umdla kwaye siqhubeke endaweni yokuvumela la maqhawe afanayo ke yaziwa ngokuqhubeka de abaphulaphuli badikwe ngabo London watsho.
Kodwa ngakumbi nangakumbi, abalinganiswa abangaziwayo kunye neepropathi- ezinje ngeNetflix's I-Umbrella Academy kunye neeAmazon Amakwenkwe -Iya kukhokela phambili. (Ungalibali, i-Iron Man yathathelwa ingqalelo njengoluhlu lwe-B ngaphambi kokuba uMarvel noRobert Downey Jr. bamjike wangumfanekiso wehlabathi).
Njengoko uluntu luqhubeka nokwamkela amabali encwadi ahlekisayo njengolonwabo oluphambili, iHollywood iye yasanda ngokuleqa isifuba semfazwe esingapheliyo sencwadi ye-IP yehlaya. Oku kuvule umnyango wokukhutshwa kweNetflix kutsha nje, Izinyo eliswiti , Isekwe kwiincwadi ze-comic ze-DC Vertigo, kunye nokulungiswa kwayo okuzayo kukaNeil Gaiman's USandman . Siye sabona iifilimu ezinje V yeVendetta , 300 kwaye IsiXeko seSono njengemizekelo yeencwadi ezingezizo ezeqhawe eziye zafumana uhlengahlengiso oluyimpumelelo kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo. Amaqhawe amatsha esikrini anje RoboCop , Umntu omnyama , IMatrix kwaye Iimpawu ezimangalisayo azinakwenzeka ukuba zikhule zibe yimpumelelo kwezi ntsuku, kodwa iqondo lobunzima ekwenzeni njalo likhuphuke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokudala i-IP entsha kwincwadi yokuhlekisa kuqala ngaphambi kokuyilungelelanisa nescreen, ngokufana noko i-AWA izama ukuyenza, ngumbono weKerubini wexesha elizayo kolu shishino:
Uluvo lomxholo omtsha we-superhero oya ngqo kwiscreen mhlawumbi awuyi kuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nge-IP eyaziwayo ukuba ifuywe kwaye iphuhliselwe iiprojekthi zefilimu kunye nomabonwakude, ndicinga ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba sibone i-IP encinci esele ikho kunokuba sibona izinto eziyintsusa. Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho mabali e-superhero ayakuyenza kwiscreen, kodwa kwinto endiyivileyo xa ndithetha nabenzi beefilimu abazimeleyo kukuba ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba bazame ukuphuhlisa izimvo zabo njengencwadi yamahlaya kuqala ngaphambi kokuzama ukwenza ifilimu okanye umboniso weTV. Ukuphuhlisa i-IP njengencwadi yamahlaya kubiza kakhulu kwaye kuvumela umyili ukuba aphuhlise amabali amabali anokugqibela ayenze ifilimu, ngelixa esakha inqanaba lokubonwa kwabaphulaphuli.
Ukukhathala kwe-Superhero akukasetyenziswanga kude nangona iminyaka yezilumkiso kunye nenkunkuma ekhuphisanayo egcwele iiflops. Kodwa oko akuqinisekisi ukubaleka komdlalo kulindelwe ngabaphulaphuli. Ekupheleni kosuku, imboni yolonwabo iyahambelana nokuhamba ngenqanawa ebusuku. Akukho mntu waziyo apho banokufikelela khona.
Ezi zinto ziphakamileyo kwaye emva koko ziqala ukunyamalala, utshilo uLondon. Kodwa iindlela ze-movie zinokujikeleza kwaye ngakumbi malunga nokuvuselelwa kwengcinga. Kuwo wonke umthetho, akukho mithetho. Kodwa iimuvi ezonwabisa ziya kuphumelela ngokubanzi.
Umboniso bhanyabhanya luhlalutyo lwesitulo kwizicwangciso zaseHollywood zokukhutshwa okukhulu okutsha.
