I-Real Ed Snowden yiPatsy, ubuqhetseba kunye nePrem elawulwa yiKremlin

Ndiye kulandelwe ngokusondeleyo I-saga ka-Edward Snowden ukusukela ngela xesha i-CIA kunye ne-NSA IT contractor yabamba ukuqaqamba kwehlabathi ngezandla zozibini ngoJuni 12, 2013 ngokuvela kwimithombo yeendaba yase China, ibhenca iimfihlo zikarhulumente waseMelika kwisikali ekungekho mntu wakha wakwenza ngaphambili.

Ndanyanzelisa kwasekuqaleni ukuba nguSnowden hayi impempe wayezibanga engumbhali-we-narcissist, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kanye wafika eMoscow ngoJuni 23, 2013-kwaye mhlawumbi ngaphambili- wayelele ebhedini kunye nobukrelekrele baseRussia . Ngapha koko, ama-1.5 ezigidi amaxwebhu abiwe ngu-Snowden phantse zonke ezimalunga nobukrelekrele bamazwe angaphandle be-NSA kunye nemicimbi yomkhosi wePentagon-hayi ukubekwa kweliso emakhaya. Ngamafutshane, isaga ye-Snowden njengoko ibonisiwe eluntwini ngu-Ed kunye nabaxhasi bakhe beendaba yayiyinto entle.

Ngoku, ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu kamva, isikhundla sam-esandizisela ukugxekwa kunye ne-epic ye-media troll-iqinisekisiwe yimithombo eliqela, kubandakanya ne-US Congress. U-Oliver Stone uxolisa-njenge-bhanyabhanya malunga ne-Snowden usandula ukuvula, ukwenza isigqibo sokuxubusha, kwaye inkulumbuso yayo ibonakaliswe kukungena kwenyani okungaphaya komthetho kule ntsomi yaseMoscow. Ilitye linembali ende yokwenza Iifilimu eziyinyani ezisekwe kubuxoki beKremlin , kunye neentonga zakhe zamva nje ezazinepateni ethandabuzekayo.

Ndiyithathile ngokwam i-Snowden debacle, inxenye encinci kuba xa ndandisebenza kwi-NSA counterintelligence, kwacaca ukuba into efana ne-Snowden yayiza kwenzeka. Ngokutyeshela ukhuseleko olusisiseko, ngokuthumela umsebenzi osisiseko kubakhi bezokhuselo ababawayo, ngokuvumela inkqubo yokukhuseleka kwezokhuseleko ukuba yahlukane-kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke ngokudlulisa ulwazi olubuthathaka nabantu abangenasidingo sokwazi njengoko iintlola zisitsho-i-NSA kunye noluntu lwethu lonke lweNtlola idale iimeko ezenze ukuba i-Snowden ibekho.

Akukho nanye kwezi yokuphika iarhente yomngcatshi: U-Ed ukwenzile konke oku, ngabom. Ukanti i-NSA yiyo yonke into enokubekwa ityala njengo-Snowden kule mpazamo yembali, ngokungahoyi iminyaka yezilumkiso malunga nokhuseleko oluchaze kwangaphambili ukuba kwenzeke ntoni xa uSnowden webiweyo wabalekela e-China, emva koko i-Russia, apho ahlala khona. Mna, kunye nabanye, salumkisa i-NSA kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukuba yayidlala ngentlekele yobukrelekrele, kwaye iarhente yayililinye nje kude nomgxobhozo wezokhuseleko. Ekugqibeleni loo asshole yayiza kubonakala. Wenza, njengoko ngokwenyani wayefanele ukuba. Igama lakhe kwenzeka nje ukuba ngu-Ed Snowden.

Into efundwe luluntu kule veki iphelileyo itshintshe ngokusisiseko ingxoxo malunga ne-Snowden. Akukho kubuya mva kwee-fabulists ezamkela ibali lekhava yaseKremlin malunga ne-Snowden. Iphulo lokusasaza lika-Ed elijolise kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya yakhe, kubandakanya nesicelo sokuxolelwa kuka-Mongameli esixhaswe zii-NGOs kunye nabantu abadumileyo, iye yahluthwa yinyani ekugqibeleni.

Okokuqala, sinayo ingxelo ecacileyo yeSteven Bay , owayenethamsanqa elinzima lokuba yisuphavayiza kaEd xa wayebaleka umsebenzi wakhe wekhontrakthi we-NSA eHawaii entwasahlobo yowama-2013, wabuya kuphela phantsi kophahla lukaVladimir Putin kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva. Ukuxelwa kweBay ngebali kulinganisiwe kwaye kugwetywe kwaphela.

Umphathi wakhe we-Snowden wayesazi ukuba akafani ncam nomfanekiso we-Ed Ed amajelo osasazo ayewondla uluntu iminyaka. Iakhawunti yeBay ibonisa umhlalutyi onganyanisekanga nonamaqhinga, i-sysadmin ye-IT esandula ukukhuthazwa ukuba ibe ngumsebenzi wobukrelekrele obunzulu-kwaye kwakungahambi kakuhle. U-Snowden wayenengxaki nabantu asebenza nabo kunye nabaphathi.

Ngaphezu koko, u-Snowden wayengazi nto malunga neenkqubo ze-NSA ezifihlakeleyo azityhilileyo kwihlabathi. Nkqu neenkcukacha zokugwetywa kwasekhaya kwe-NSA-ilitye lembombo lomlo ka-Ed-zazingaphaya kwamandla akhe. Njengoko iBay ichaza:

Zonke izinto eziqokelelweyo zasekhaya azityhilileyo, akazange abe nokufikelela kuloo nto. Ke akazange akuqonde ukongamela kunye nokuthotyelwa, wayengayiqondi imigaqo yokuyiphatha, kwaye engakuqondi nokusebenza kwayo.

Ngamanye amagama, ibango lika-Snowden lokuba wafumanisa ukuba uhlola abantu baseMelika kwaye wothuka kakhulu waziva enyanzelekile ukuba abethe impempe, yinto nje ebubuxoki. U-Ed uthathe isigqibo sokuba ulwazi oluhleliweyo kwakude kudala ngaphambi kokuba azi nantoni na eneenkcukacha malunga nobukrelekrele beempawu. Xa sele ndithethile namagosa aphezulu eNSA malunga nento u-Snowden ayenayo, kwaye nini, ndinokuqinisekisa ubunyani bebali likaSteven Bay.

Oko kwathethi, iakhawunti yeBay inesidima ngokuthelekiswa noko sikufundileyo kwinto ekudala ilindelwe Ingxelo yeCongressional kwi-Snowden debacle . Kwisithuba esingaphezulu kweminyaka emibini, iKomidi eliKhethekileyo eliKhethekileyo leNdlu yezoBukrelekrele (i-HPSCI ngamafutshane, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hip-see yi-Beltway cognoscenti) iqhube uphando malunga nokwenzekileyo, njani kwaye ngoba. Iziphumo zayo zawaqhekeza amabango e-Snowden kunye nabaxhasi bakhe beendaba.

Wayengumqeshwa ‘onengxaki’ wohlobo olwaziwayo kuwo onke amasebe ezabasebenzi kuyo yonke indawo.

Kuyaphawula ukuba ingxelo ye-HPSCI i-bi-partisan ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, onke amalungu ekomiti atyikitye ileta bayithumela kuMongameli u-Obama Kwiveki ephelileyo, ndimcenga ukuba angaxoleli umbaleki ngala mazwi: U-Snowden akanguye umntu othanda ilizwe. Akangomntu obetha impempe. Sisaphuli-mthetho. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba iiDemokhrasi kunye neeRiphabhlikhi kwiCongress azinakuvuma ukuba amanzi amanzi kwezi ntsuku, yinto ekhethekileyo abayidibanisileyo ingxelo ye-bipartisan enamazinyo ngokwenene.

Abukhali kangakanani amazinyo e-HPSCI nge-Snowden. Masiqale ngezimvo zikasihlalo wekomiti, u-Rep. UDevin Nunes:

U-Edward Snowden akaligorha-ungumngcatshi owangcatsha ngabom oogxa bakhe kunye nelizwe lakhe. Wabeka amalungu ethu enkonzo kunye nabantu baseMelika emngciphekweni emva kokubona ukungakhathali ngabaphathi bakhe. Ngenxa yoluhlu olude lwezinto ezibaxiweyo kunye nokuqamba ngokuthe ngqo okuchazwe kule ngxelo, akukho mntu unokumthatha ngelizwi lakhe.

Kwakungekho zityholo zingathandekiyo zizimvo zoMmeli Adam Schiff, Ilungu lekomiti elikwisikhundla:

U-Snowden kudala wazibonakalisa njengomntu ofuna impempe ekhaliphileyo nezenzo zakhe ziyilelwe ukukhusela ubumfihlo, kwaye ukubhengeza kwakhe kungakhange konakalise ukhuseleko lwelizwe. Ukuphononongwa kweKomiti-imveliso yeminyaka emibini yophando olunzulu-ibonisa amabango akhe okuzimela kunye nobuxoki, kunye nomonakalo owenziwe kukhuseleko lwethu lwesizwe lube lukhulu.

Mhlawumbi awona magama abukhali avela kuLynn Westmoreland, ophethe i-HPSCI's NSA kunye ne-cybercommunity subcommittee:

U-Edward Snowden wenze isigqibo esenze umonakalo omkhulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe sase-US kunaye nawuphi na umntu kwimbali yesizwe sethu. Izenzo zakhe zenzakalisa ubudlelwane bethu kwihlabathi liphela, zibeka emngciphekweni amajoni aseMelika kwimimandla yeemfazwe, kwaye yanciphisa amandla abo sidibeneyo ukukhusela uhlaselo lwabanqolobi.

Ingxelo ngokwayo ibeka inkunkuma kubuxoki obenziwe liQela le-Snowden. Obo buxoki bubekwe bungqindilili kwaye bufuna ukukhutshwa ngokubanzi. U-Snowden, othe i-HPSCI ithi ngumxokelelwano oguqulweyo kunye nomenzi weentsimbi, uthi wazama kodwa wasilela ukujoyina i-US Army Special Forces ngenxa yemilenze emibini eyaphukileyo. Ngokwenyani, wahlamba ngaphandle koqeqesho olusisiseko ngenxa yokuqaqamba kwesikhumba. Waxoka ngokuchanekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wakhe kunye nezihloko zomsebenzi kwi-CIA nakwi-NSA. U-Snowden waqhubela phambili nomsebenzi wakhe ngokufaka iphepha lakhe kwakhona, elele kubaphathi, kwaye evavanya uvavanyo lwe-NSA ngokuba iimpendulo kwangaphambili.

Ngapha koko, iakhawunti kaSnowden yokuba kutheni ebe iimfihlo bubuxoki obunye, njengoko i-HPSCI ibonisa. Inkuthazo yokwenyani ibangelwe ziingxaki zomsebenzi ezibangelwe kukuzikhukhumeza kukaSnowden kunye nokuzingisa okungapheliyo kokudlala kakuhle nabanye. Wayengumqeshwa onengxaki yohlobo olwaziwayo kuwo onke amasebe ezabasebenzi kuyo yonke indawo. Ingxelo ithi u-Snowden waqala ukukhuphela ngokungekho mthethweni ulwazi oluhleliweyo, ngenjongo yokuyikhupha, kungekudala emva kokukhalinyelwa emsebenzini ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe gwenxa.

U-Snowden emva koko wathi washukunyiswa ngumsindo ngokuziphatha ukuze ebe iimfihlelo ngobungqina obunamandla be-DRM kaJames Clapper, uMlawuli we-National Intelligence, ngo-Matshi 2013. Ngapha koko, i-HPSCI yafumanisa ukuba ubusela buka-Ed baqala iinyanga ezisibhozo phambi kobungqina bukaClapper.

Le ngxelo iyenza icace into yokuba uSnowden wayengazange abhengeze impempe, engakhange asebenzise enye yeendlela ezisemthethweni zabaphepheli kuLuntu lwezoBuntlola. Wade wasilela wafuna uqeqesho lwe-NSA ngendlela yokuphatha ubukrelekrele beempawu ezinokuba nefuthe kubucala baseMelika-emva koko bathi ikhosi ibiyeke ukuba ibe nzima kakhulu! (Ukuthatha olo qeqesho ngokwam, akukho nzima, konke-kuye nakubani na omameleyo.)

Ukufunyanwa okubalulekileyo kwe-HPSCI kubusela obungenakubonwa ngaphambili be-Snowden kunye nokulalanisa kwama-1.5 ezigidi amaxwebhu ahleliweyo avela kwi-NSA, uLuntu lwezoBuntlola, kunye neSebe lezoKhuseleko, lifunda ngokucophelela:

I-Snowden ibangele umonakalo omkhulu kukhuseleko lwesizwe, nakulo lonke Uninzi lwamaxwebhu awabileyo alunanto yakwenza neenkqubo ezichaphazela imfihlelo yabucala-endaweni yoko zinento yokwenza nomkhosi, ezomkhosi, kunye neenkqubo zobukrelekrele ezinomdla kakhulu kubachasi baseMelika. .

Isishwankathelo sesigqibo esilawulayo se-HPCSI esinamaphepha amathathu siza kuhlala sililizwi lokugqibela kwityala le-Snowden, ubuncinci kude kube liWashington ibone kufanelekile ukukhupha ingxelo epheleleyo yekomiti, enamaphepha angama-36 ubude kwaye ahlelwe kakhulu, kuba ingena nzulu ngqo kulomonakalo u-Ed zisebenza eUnited States kunye nabahlobo bethu abasondeleyo. Igosa eliPhezulu loLuntu loBuntlola elithe labona ezinye zezinto ezingene kwingxelo epheleleyo ye-HPSCI lathi liyitshabalalisile kwaye liyothusa, kungabikho nto ndiyibonileyo.

Ukuphendula ukukhutshwa kwengxelo engachazwanga, u-Snowden kunye nabakhuseli bakhe baphendule ngochuku, batyhola iCongress ngokuxoka kwamashishini kunye nokuba yinxalenye yelenqe eliyimfihlakalo, le-bipartisan iyelenqe lokugcoba u-Ed kunye nabanikezeli beendaba abamenze waduma kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngokwenyani, iyelenqe ekuphela kwalo elalisenziwa nguSnowden kunye nababekade bexhome kuye, abeba kwaye balalanisa inani elothusayo leemfihlo eziseMelika kunye nabahlobo bethu abasondeleyo. Into yokuba i-Snowden Operation, njengoko mna nabanye siyibize, izuze iRussia kunye namanye amazwe angenabungangamsha kwiDemokhrasi yaseNtshona, ngoku icace gca ukuba kufuneka ugcine ukungaboni ngabom ukuze ungaqapheli.

Inkqubo ye- Kremlin kutshanje wavuma ukuba u-Snowden uye wasebenzisana neenkonzo zobuntlola zase-Russia, nangona kwabonakala ekubonakala kuka-Ed eMoscow ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu edlulileyo ukuba wayesebenzisana. Wonke umntu waseNtshona okrelekrele eRashiya ukusukela ngonyaka we-1917 uye wathetha neenkonzo zase-Kremlin ze-spy-ezinje ngobume bokuphambuka-ke akuzange kubekho sizathu sokucinga ukuba u-Snowden uza kwahluka. Abo baqhubeka nokugxininisa uEd yityala elikhethekileyo, elingagunyaziswanga ngokuba seRussia ka-Putin iminyaka, bakhululekile ukuba benze njalo, kodwa kufuneka baphathwe njengabameli be-chupacabras, i-unicorn kunye ne-theatre yolawulo lwengqondo.

Enyanisweni, i-Snowden yayingazange ibe yinto e-spy-spy ye-Kremlin. Nangona i-Snowden Operation yenze umonakalo omkhulu kubukrelekrele baseNtshona, uEd ngokwakhe akazange abe ngaphezulu kwepatsy, a dupe. Njengoko bendikhe ndachaza ngaphambili, eyona ndima yakhe, ngaphandle kwepropaganda, yayikukubonelela ngesithukuthezi sokwenyani seRussia-okanye iinyosi-ezihlala iminyaka ngaphakathi kwi-NSA, zingafunyanwa.

Konke okufanayo, iimpembelelo zehlabathi zokwenyani ze-Snowden zinobuzaza. Ukutyhilwa kwakhe kuncede abagrogrisi abenza i-jihad ngokuchasene neNtshona. Akukho mathandabuzo phakathi kweengcali zokwenyani zokuba ulungelelwaniso olukhulu luka-Ed luncede i-Islamic State. Ngenxa yomsinga wohlaselo lwabanqolobi kwindawo yaseNew York kule mpelaveki, ebonakala ngathi sisicwangciso se-jihadist, abantu baseMelika banokuphulukana nomonde wabo ngabantu ababetha impempe abazifihla eMoscow ngelixa benceda ababulali be-jihadist.

Umboniso bhanyabhanya wokwenza intsomi ka-Ed akakho kwisiqalo esithembisayo, esinokuba sisalathiso somoya woluntu. Impelaveki yakhe yokuqala kwiofisi yebhokisi yayiyinto edanisayo, $ 8 nje yezigidi , isenza eyona bhanya-bhanya iphambili eqhuba kakubi ngu-Oliver Stone.

Ngokuphathelele uEd Snowden, akayi ndawo. Ngenxa yengxelo ehlabayo ye-HPSCI kunye nesibongozo kwi-White House, uMongameli u-Obama akazukukhupha uxolelo-kwaye naye ngekhe abe ngumongameli wexesha elizayo onganqweneli kubanga ingqumbo yoLuntu lwezoBuntlola kunye neCongress.

Ukuba u-Snowden ufuna uxolelo, kufuneka kuqala abuyele ekhaya ukuze ajongane nesilingo-into leyo u-Ed angakhombisi zimpawu zoyenza. Ungayichazanga eyokuba ubomi bakhe phantsi kophahla lukaPutin abukho simahla ncam, kwaye akukho nto ibonisa ukuba iKremlin iya kumvumela ukuba ashiye iRussia kwasekuqaleni.

Bambalwa abaphihli baseMelika eMoscow ababuyele ekhaya. Uninzi luye lwaphela kwivodka kunye nokuzisola. Abaliqela babhubhe phantsi kweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo ngelixa abanye belahlekile ngokupheleleyo, kucingelwa ukuba bafile, apho bengaziwa khona. Akukho sizathu sokucinga ngekamva laseRussia uEd Snowden azikhethele lona ngokwahlukileyo.

UJohn Schindler yingcali yezokhuseleko kunye nowayesakuba ngumhlalutyi weArhente yoKhuseleko kuZwelonke kunye negosa lobukrelekrele. Ingcali kwezobuntlola kunye nobunqolobi, ukwaligosa lomkhosi wamanzi kunye nenjingalwazi yeWar College. Upapashe iincwadi ezine kwaye uku-Twitter ku @ 20committee.