'Uludwe olufutshane' Ibali labafazi abali-9 ababenokutshintsha iNkundla ePhakamileyo

Njengokuba uluntu lusanda ngokuxabisa iyantlukwano, abezopolitiko baziva benoxinzelelo lokuphendula. Kwimeko yoomongameli, ukuzinikela kwabo kukwahlukahlukana kungavavanywa ngokusekwe kubani abonyula iinkundla zomdibaniso. Kodwa phambi kokuba unyule unyulo lwentando yesininzi lowe-2020 uJoe Biden ethembisa ukumisela ubulungisa kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yabasetyhini ukuba uphumelele ubongameli, bekukho uRonald Reagan ngo-1980 ethembisa ukutyumba owasetyhini wokuqala ukuba abe nesihlalo ebhentshini. I-icon elondolozayo izalisekisile isithembiso sayo, kodwa emva kokuphumelela kukaSandra Day O'ConnorUkuqeshwa kwembali sisiko elide lakudala lokwenza uphawu kunye nokuluhlu olufutshane olwabuyela umva kumashumi aliqela eminyaka. Yile bali lifihliweyo eliqwalaselweyo Uluhlu olufutshane: Abasetyhini kwiZithunzi zeNkundla ePhakamileyo ngoonjingalwazi bomthetho uHannah Brenner Johnson kunye noRenee Knake Jefferson, ngobomi bomntu obhinqileyo abathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi zezopolitiko nezesini, bangaze bayenze eyona nkundla iphakamileyo elizweni.

Uluhlu olufutshane luluhlu lwabokugqibela kwisikhundla. Uluhlu olufutshane lwesenzi emva koko lubhekisa kwinto eyenzekayo kubantu abaqwalaselweyo kodwa abangakhethwanga, kule meko ukuba banyulwe njengabagwebi kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo. Njengokuba umgqatswa weNkundla ePhakamileyo uSusie Sharp wayekhe wabhala kwileta awayibhalela usibali wakhe, wayehlala eyintombi-engengomtshakazi. U-Sharp, umntu onembali entsonkothileyo owayesaziwa ngokuma kwakhe ngokobuhlanga kwaye engazange axhase uhlengahlengiso lwamalungelo alinganayo, ungomnye wabasetyhini abali-9 abakhethiweyo abachazwe kule ncwadi. Abanye baquka uFlorence Allen, owabekwa kuluhlu olufutshane lwe-FDR ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-80 eyadlulayo kodwa wamkelwa ngumntu owayelilungu leKlan, kunye no-Amalya Lyle Kearse, owayenokuba lilungelo lokuqala labasetyhini abamnyama kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo. Aba bafazi bajongene nemiceli mngeni engaqhelekanga, kodwa kwezinye iimeko babefakwa kuluhlu kuphela ukuze umongameli akwazi ukwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi ujonge umntu obhinqileyo. Njengoko ababhali bechaza, uLuhlu olufutshane… luveza ifaçade yokwahluka kunye nokubandakanywa kwabo basetyhini kunye nabancinci kodwa basebenze ukugcina imeko ekhoyo.

Uluhlu olufutshane: Abasetyhini kwiZithunzi zeNkundla ePhakamileyoCinezela iNYU

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ivula amehlo ngale ncwadi kukuba ibonisa ukuba, ixesha emva kwexesha, umongameli emva kukamongameli wanikwa ithuba lokugqibela ukumisela umntu obhinqileyo, kwaye ixesha nexesha umntu ngamnye wakhetha umgqatswa oyindoda, hayi kuba abafazi bengafanelekanga, hayi ngenxa yokuba imibutho yabasetyhini yayingawubeki umsebenzi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yayingelilo ukhetho olungcono kwezopolitiko. Kwimeko kaRichard Nixon, wakhe wathi akakholelwa nokuba abafazi mabakwazi ukuvota. KwanoReagan, owonyula u-O’Connor, wayenerekhodi elihlazo xa kufikwa kumba wokuchongwa kwejaji yabasetyhini kwiinkundla zomdibaniso; ngasekupheleni kobongameli bukaReagan, usenethi wabonisa ukuba kwiijaji ezingama-343 zombuso uReagan wayenyule, abahlanu kuphela abamnyama kwaye kuphela iipesenti eziyi-8.4 yayingabafazi. Mhlawumbi, ababhali bathi, kungenxa yokuba uReagan wonyula u-O'Connor ukuba azive eshiyekile xa kufikwa kumba wokwahluka.

Kubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo kwegqwetha kunye nokucaca kwengcinga, Uluhlu olufutshane inikeza ukujonga ngokubanzi kodwa ngokuchanekileyo kwimbali yabasetyhini kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye nefuthe kubasetyhini nakwabancinci kuyo yonke indawo. Ayipheleli nje ekuphononongeni imbali yeNkundla ePhakamileyo, kodwa ikwabeka loo mabali kwimeko yokuhamba kwamalungelo amabhinqa amakhulu, iindlela ababhinqileyo ababekhutshelwe ngaphandle ngokwembali kwimisebenzi yezomthetho kunye namava abantu basetyhini kunye nabambalwa namhlanje. Kufuphi nesiphelo, ikwabonelela ngeengcebiso ezisebenzayo kubantu nakwimibutho ejonge ukophula iisilingi zabo. Kodwa ngelixa ii-echoes zomanyano ziphinda zibuyele emaphepheni ngayo yonke into ekhankanyiweyo ye-RBG edumileyo, ababhali bakwayame ngobunzima nokwahluka kwento ekuthethwa ngayo ukuba ngumfazi kwisikhundla samandla, ukugxekwa kunye nokuphawulwa kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kubambe iimbono ezithile. Asikholelwa ukuba kukho okanye nokuba kufanele ukuba kubekho 'ilizwi lomfazi' le-monolithic, ababhali babhala. Nangona kunjalo, sikholelwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba kufanele ukuba kubekho inani elaneleyo labasetyhini kwiNkundla ukumela uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokuzigcina kunye nenkululeko kwimicimbi ebandakanya imizimba yabasetyhini kunye nobomi, kunye nemicimbi ebandakanya ubomi bethu besizwe.

Ukuhamba kumacandelo amaninzi, le ncwadi iphandwe kakuhle, icwangciswe kakuhle kwaye iphikisana kakuhle. Ndilawula endaweni yayo.