Yonwaba: Ubomi bukaJudy Garland, nguGerald Clarke. Random House, 510 amaphepha, $ 29.95.
Kwenye indawo ngaphezulu komnyama u-Judy Garland ubuza ngokucacileyo i-bluebirds kutheni ke, oh kutheni enye i-biography? Ngaba awuzange wenziwe umsebenzi ngo-1975, unyaka ka-Anne Edwards 'ongachanekanga ngakumbi kwi-biografi, kunye nokufunda okupheleleyo kukaGerold Frank, kunye no-Young Judy nguDavid Dahl noBarry Kehoe, kunye no-Rainbow obalaseleyo uChristopher Finch: Ubomi obunzima bukaJudy Garland? Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambilana bekukho intombazana encinci elahlekileyo, irhafu yomrhanelwa evela kuAl DiOrio Jr., kunye neminyaka emithathu ngaphambi koko, Elinye icala kwicala lomnyama, i-akhawunti kaMel Tormé engonwabisiyo yomdlalo kamabonakude owawuza kutshabalala. Kwaye uthini malunga nephepha elikhawulezayo elibhaliweyo, uJudy Garland, nguBrad Steiger, wabaleka ukuphuma ngo-1969, unyaka wokusweleka kwakhe? (Kwicandelo lakhe elandisiweyo likaJudy kunye ne-Occult, lahlulwe kakuhle langamacandelwana ngeenkwenkwezi, iigrafu kunye nokubala, uMnu.Steiger utyhila ukuba xa uFrances Gumm oselula waliguqula igama lakhe laba nguJudy Garland, wathabatha ukungcangcazela kwenani lesithoba.)
Kutshanje kuye kwakho u-Judy Garland oGqibeleleyo: Isikhokelo sokuGqibela seKhondo lakhe kwiifilimu, iiRekhodi, iiKonsathi, iRadio, kunye neTelevishini, 1935-1969 (1990) noJohn Fricke, u-Judy Garland, ozele yinyani: u-World's Greatest Entertainer (1992. ) kunye noDavid Shipman oqinileyo uJudy Garland: Ubomi obufihlakeleyo beNqaku laseMelika (1993). UJohn Meyer wabiza imemoir yakhe yentliziyo ka-1983 (intliziyo yayinguMnu. Meyer: Kumaphepha angama-315 ubhala malunga nokuqhekeka kwawo, usuku ngolusuku olugqithisileyo, kwiinyanga ezimbini apho yena noJudy badibana khona, bathandana, baganana baza bohlukana). Kukwakho nezikhumbuzo zomyeni wakhe wokugqibela, uMickey Deans, kunye nentombi yakhe encinci, uLorna Luft, kunye nenkwenkwezi yakhe ejika kwezinye iimbali ezininzi, ukusuka kuMickey Rooney ukuya kumyeni wesibini uVincente Minnelli. Kunyaka ophelileyo ndabona uJudy Garland: Ngaphaya koThingo nguSheridan Morley noRuth Leon, kunye noRainbow, ingqokelela kaJudyana ukusukela kwi-MG. ukushicilelwa kwezoshicilelo olunzulu lobuntatheli ngu Shana Alexander noBarbara Grizzuti Harrison- kwaye, ukuba kungenzeka uyiphose emva phaya ngo-1975, ukuphinda kukhutshwe uGerold Frank.
Kwanele nini? Yintoni eseleyo ukuba ithi? Kwaye – ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 emva kokufa kwakhe – ngubani okhathalayo?
Ewe, ndiyakhathala-ubuncinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndifunde yonke incwadi ethi Yonwaba: Ubomi bukaJudy Garland, nguGerald Clarke, umbhali ngobomi bukaTruman Capote. Andililo ihlelo likaJudy – khange ndime ngokuma kwiNdlu yeBhotwe okanye ePalladium okanye eCarnegie Hall (andizange ndimbone edlala bukhoma); Ndandingenguye omnye wabazili abangama-20 000 abathi bafaka ngaphaya kwebhokisi yakhe evulekileyo kumngcwabo kaFrank Campbell ngo-1969; Khange ndibize kwiisiliphu zakhe zeruby xa beze kwifandesi. Kwaye anditsaleleki kwi-sagas ye-divas zokuzibhubhisa. Ndicinga ukuba ndisayithanda intombazana eyayiphaya phezulu kwiscreen kwi-30's nakwi-40's- hayi kuphela intombazana evela e-Oz nase-St. Louis, i-Babe in Arms, i-Harvey Girl, kodwa nentombazana eyayi-star ngaphambili bhanyabhanya otyibilikayo njengoMntu wonke Cula noThando Ufumana uAndy Hardy, intombazana evuyisana neqela lakhe elingaphantsi kwempumelelo kwiPigskin Parade kwaye ucula othandekayo Mnu. Gable kwisithombe sothandiweyo Mnu Gable kwiBroadway Melody yowe-1938.
Kwaye ndiyamthanda ecula. Ayisiyiyo eyona nto iphambili, eyothusayo eyaba yiminyaka yokugqibela kodwa uthando olukhulu, olonwabisayo lokubeka ingoma ngaphezulu nokuzama ukukwenza uzive ulungile, eyona nto ingumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala kunye nokuvuthwa. Xa wayeyintombazana encinci eVaudeville wayehlala ekhupha iingoma zetotshi ezingafanelekanga, kodwa xa wayenikwa izinto ezinje ngoZing! Ukuya Kwintambo Yentliziyo Yam, akukho mntu wakha wabhenela ngaphezulu. Ungayiva yonke-into engatshatanga, ukukhangela umoya, iinombolo zeemovie- kudityaniso olungenakubalwa. Kwaye kutshanje, ukukhutshwa kwakhona kwe-CD ezimbini zekonsathi yakhe edumileyo ka-1961 yeCarnegie Hall ikhutshiwe. Isandi sihle kakhulu, nangona singaphakamanga ngokwenyani senguqulo yeLP ethengiswa kakhulu. Umahluko kuphela kukuba kwi-CD yonke i-patter ka-Judy ifakiwe- i-anecdote encinci malunga nokuwa kweenwele eParis; ukunqwala ngokunothando kumqambi uHarold (Ngapha kwe-Rainbow) u-Arlen okuba kubaphulaphuli; isiqhulo malunga nokubila kwakhe. Konke kumnandi ukukuva – kube kanye.
Ukusebenza kweCarnegie Hall yayiyimbonakalo ye-bravura yeetalente kunye ne-stamina – bekukho i-lotta beltin 'goin' yonke. Amalungiselelo antsonkothileyo asebenze, ubukhulu becala, kwaye nelizwi belomelele ngokuqinisekileyo- nelibe nethamsanqa, kuba uninzi lweengoma ziphakama kwisitshixo kwaye zidumba ngevolumu njengoko zisondela kuvuthondaba. Wacula ngokuthanda kunye nokuhamba yedwa kunye kunye nemozulu yoqobo kunye nesebenzayo. Kwakukho iingoma zika-Al Jolson (kunjalo) kunye no-wothuka! -Ingoma yeTrolley kwaye, ewe, wayephezu komnyama kwakhona. Ngamanani angama-26 akazange akhubeke. Kwiminyaka engama-38, emva kweminyaka engama-36 yokusebenza kunye nezinye izihloko ezingonwabisiyo, wayexelela umhlaba, Ungandibali! Ndibuyile kwakhona- uJudy Garland ilivo, kodwa nentombazana yakho encinci, abaphulaphuli abathandekayo, kwaye ndiyakuthanda. Kwaye abaphulaphuli babemthanda kwaye bemthanda kwaye naye bemthanda.
Kwisikrini kwiminyaka yokuqala wayengudade womntwana ofanelekileyo, intombi, intombazana engummelwane. Wayengazange abe yinyani, akazange abe mhle. Wayengengomatshini njengoShirley Temple okanye eqaqadekile njenge pal yakhe uMickey Rooney. Umlingani wakhe wokuqala uDeanna Durbin (owayenetalente kwaye enomtsalane) akazange asondele kuye ngomoya okanye kuluhlu. Njengazo zonke iinkwenkwezi ezinkulu, uGarland wayehlukile: wayenganqulwa, enganqweneleki, hayi umntu oza kukuhlekisa okanye akoyikise okanye akoyike kodwa ukholelwe umntu kwaye umthande. Kuya kufuneka ubuyele eMary Pickford uyokufumana enye inkwenkwezi uMelika awayeziva ngaloo ndlela ngayo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kweWizard yeOz, akukho ndlela yokumlibala.
Umahluko phakathi kwento uJudy-Dorothy ayithethayo ebantwini kunye nento eyenzeka kuJudy ngokwakhe yile nto umntu azifundayo ezi ncwadi ukuze aziqonde. Kwenzeka into embi, kodwa yintoni? Omnye umzuzu wayedanisa kwaye ecula kude – noFred Astaire kwi-Easter Parade, kunye no-Van Johnson kwi-Good Old Summertime -kwaye, ngequbuliso, kwabakho iinzame zokuzibulala, ukukhutshwa kwi-MG.M, imitshato eqhekekileyo; amarhe malunga nokuba likhoboka leepilisi, utywala. Ezo zizinto owawuzilindele kuClara Bow, uJean Harlow, uMarilyn Monroe – yayisengqiqweni into yokuba oothixokazi ababelana ngesondo bohlwaywa ngoqhekeko, kwanokufa kwangoko. AyinguDorothy wase-Oz. (Xa uJudy ekugqibeleni wavunyelwa ukuba akhule kwaye ahlupheke njengoNkosk. Norman Maine kwiNkwenkwezi ezelwe, kwabonakala ngathi ukuba mdala kwakhe yayisisiqendu nje-wayezakudlula, ngendlela abanye abantu abadlula ngayo ebusheni.)
Umnumzana Clarke ubeka yonke le nto: Umama oqhutywa kwaye ongondliyo, utata onomtsalane kodwa obuthathaka (kunye nabasetyhini) osweleka esengumntwana, ii-ogres zeMetro ezimlambisayo (utyebile kwaye ulambile) nakwisikrini (ebopha amabele akhe aphucukileyo ukuze afihle iminyaka yakhe ye-16 ngelixa esenza i-Oz), ukuphelelwa lithemba kwakhe kukungabi mhle kwi-MGM Ihlabathi likaLana Turners kunye no-Elizabeth Taylor (uLouis B. Mayer kuthiwa ubhekisele kuye njenge-hunchback yam encinci), iBenzedrine ukumgcina ebhityile, ukugcina amandla akhe ehamba, kunye neepilisi zokulala zokulwa neBenzedrine, ishedyuli engapheliyo yomfanekiso emva komfanekiso ukuba angenise ukuthandwa kwakhe, ukukhangela umyeni oza kuthatha indawo katata (waphumelela konke: Ubuncinci amadoda akhe amahlanu ayengamafanasini), ukuwa, ukubuya, ukoyikisa okugulayo, umlutha kunye nokuthotywa isidima.
Umnumzana Clarke ulunge kakhulu kunina, u-Ethel Gumm, owayemthatha uJudy njengesixhobo sokuxhaphaza, kunokuba abe ngumntwana ekufuneka exatyisiwe. Ukwanelisa uFrank Gumm, kwaye ucacisa kakhulu ngobufanasini bukaFrank, akholelwa ukuba sesona sizathu sokuba iiGumms kwakufuneka zisuke edolophini ziye edolophini ngelixa uJudy wayesakhula. Njengomphathi wendlu yeemovie yendawo, uFrank wadibana namakhwenkwe amaninzi. (Ingxelo kaMnu Clarke ecace gca ifundeka ngolu hlobo: Kwigumbi lokutshixa lesikolo esiphakamileyo, iimbaleki ezimbini zesikolo… baqhayisa ngolonwabo uFrank ebanika lona ngesondo lomlomo, engayikhathaleli inkcazo yendlela abamenze ngayo ukuba angqibe.) incwadi: Yintoni eqinisekileyo kukuba uJudy wayephulukene nobuntombi bakhe eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. UBuddy Pepper, umdala ngeeveki ezisixhenxe kuphela, owayeneeteststs ezininzi naye kwigumbi lakhe, ingumthombo wolwazi (wamanga 30's kwaye uxelelwe kwi-90's), kwaye uGarland akakho ukuyiqinisekisa okanye ukuyiphika. Ngaba siyakhathala? Ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo xa inkwenkwezi ye-movie efileyo yalahlekelwa bubuntombi bayo ayikho phezulu kuluhlu lomntu wonke wezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka.
Eyona nto iphazamisayo ziiakhawunti zokuhlangana okwabelana ngesondo kamva, athe uMnu Clarke wakubonisa ukubonisa ukonwaba kwindoda… yayibubungqina awayeyifuna, nasebusuku, ukuba uyinto engaphaya komzuzwana kaMnu. Mayer. Esinye isithandwa esineengqondo ezimbi sasiqhayisa ngelithi emva kokuba simnike isondo ngomlomo, umzekelo, simenze wacula 'Ngaphaya koThingo' ukuze eve la magama adumileyo aculwa ngencindi yobudoda. Umthandi oneengqondo ezimbi, sixelelwa, wenza ukuba aziqhayise ngomthombo ocele ukungaziwa. Akukho mathandabuzo! Kodwa lwaluphi uvavanyo lwe-polygraph? Uhlobo lwendoda elinokubalisa ibali elinjalo ngesele liyile ngokulula.
Ngokubhekisele kuxanduva lukaM.G.M ngokwenzekileyo kuJudy, Mnu. Clarke usinika uLouis B. Mayer ngamanye amaxesha ongumveleli okhohlakeleyo, ngamanye amaxesha abathandekayo abathandanayo. Oku kuvakala kufanelekile: UMayer wayeqhuba ishishini elikhulu kwaye uJudy wayeyinto enkulu, kodwa wayemthanda ngokucacileyo, kwaye wayiboleka imali yakhe xa efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Ngamanye amaxesha, uGarland wayedemoniya kaMayer njengoko wayekhupha umama wakhe kunye nabanye abaninzi, ukanti intombi yakhe encinci, uLorna Luft, usixelela kwimemo yakhe ethembekileyo nehambisayo yokuba uMama wayesoloko ethetha ngothando nangokuhlonipha uMnu Mayer. Kwiakhawunti kaMnu Clarke, ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ibe nguLouis B. kodwa ngabantu abamnyama-mnyama kwiSakhiwo saseThalberg abakhohlakeleyo. Kwaye uMama u-Ethel, owathi, ekuxeleni oku, waqala uJudy kwiipilisi ngaphambi kokuba abe li-10, wamngcatsha uFrank kunye (kwaye kamva watshata) nomthandi owayemthiyile uJudy, kwaye wachitha ubutyebi bukaJudy.
Ke mhlawumbi bekukho abahlali kwesi siqwenga. Kodwa uGarland wayefaneleke kangakanani ekutshatyalalisweni kwakhe? Asinakumgxeka ngokuba ngumntwana oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala owarholayo kwaye wafaka indlela yakhe kwisenzo seGumm Sisters 'sasevaudeville- kwaye kwangoko waba yinkwenkwezi yayo; ebengenakunceda ukuba netalente yakhe, kunye nesidingo sokuyivelisa. Kodwa nangona wayethetha kaninzi esithi unqwenela ubomi obuqhelekileyo beedolophu ezincinci, bambalwa abantu abazimiseleyo. Kwaye nangona wayenabahlobo abaninzi kunye nabacebisi, kwaye inani lamadoda ayemkhathalele kwaye azama ukumkhathalela, waba ngomnye wabo bantu, bonke abasesichengeni kunye neeposos, abathi abanye bangxamele ukunceda kodwa abangakwaziyo ukuncedwa. Xa wayephethwe ziidemon zakhe, ubundlongondlongo babusebenzisa ubundlongondlongo. Njengokuba impilo yakhe isiba mandundu, ukuqonda kwakhe ubunyani kuye kwanda ngokungathandabuzekiyo: Kwiminyaka emibini phambi kokuba asweleke watsho ngokungxolayo, Ngaba ayimangalisi into yokuba ngayo yonke le nto yoyikekayo, ngayo yonke into endikhe ndadlula kuyo, andizange ndiphambukele etywaleni okanye kwiipilisi? UGarland wayekuthanda ukudlala imidlalo, kwaye ukuhlekisa kwakhe kwakungasoloko kunomusa.
Wayengazenzisi, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kungaphezu kokuba ungatsho kuMnu Clarke. Umtsalane weTyrone Power wawugqithisile kangangokuba bambalwa abanokumelana nawo; Ilizwi likaJudy lakhula lavuthwa ebudaleni. Kwaye njani malunga noku: Njengokuba abaphulaphuli bakaJudy kwibhotwe beshiya indawo yeqonga, ababonakalisanga uncumo lolonwabo nje kuphela kodwa uvuyo lokuhlangulwa. Abazange baye kwikonsathi; Babethathe inxaxheba kugqogqo, isithethe esidala ngakumbi kuneepiramidi ngokwabo. Isibingelelo sakhe kusenokwenzeka ukuba yayiliqonga e-Times Square, kunye nomgaqo ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba uduma ngaphantsi kunye noonoteksi bekhwaza ngaphandle, kodwa uJudy wayenento engaphaya kokufana nalawo ma-shaman omdala waseNayile, ecula iimpiliso zabo kwisithunzi esigobileyo se-sphinx esandula kuzalwa. Njengoko uJudy omncinci wayenokuyibeka, iGolly!
Ngaphandle kokugqitha koncwadi kunye nokuqaqamba okubonakalayo, kukho izizathu zokufunda ukonwaba ukuba uyakhathala ngeGarland. UGerold Frank wayenakho ukufikelela kuyo yonke imithombo ephambili (kubandakanya uGarland ngokwakhe), kodwa ababhali emva phaya ngo-1975 kwafuneka babenengqiqo. Bobabini uMnu Finch kunye noMnu Shipman banolwazi ngakumbi ngeHollywood nangokucula kunoMnu Clarke, kwaye noMnu Finch uluncedo ngokukhethekileyo njengokulungisa indlela kaGarland yokuzicingela ukuba ungumntu okholwayo- uyathandeka akuthandabuzeki- kodwa unyango lwakhe lweminyaka elandelayo ibhityile. Umnumzana uShipman ulumkile kwaye akathethi phandle engenalusini, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ekhe athi qelele kancinci. UMnu Clarke uhamba ngaphezu kwabo bangaphambi kwakhe ekukhanyiseni iimbombo ezimnyama zobomi bukaGarland, kwaye ukuba ngamanye amaxesha uyabamkela ubungqina obuzenzekelayo bukaGarland ngokungafanelekanga, iakhawunti yakhe inokubamba. Okona kubalulekileyo, wandenza ndaziva kwakhona ngentlekele yale ntombazana ineziphiwo ezimangalisayo eyazisa ulonwabo kubomi obuninzi ngelixa ibiphila ubomi obungonwabisiyo.
