Xa ifayile ye- abahambi bokuqala bazama ukuya eMars , inokuba ingemva kwe-rocket ye-SpaceX. U-Elon Musk, i-CEO yenkampani kudala wakhala ukuba isizathu sokudala inkampani yakhe yokwakha i-rocket yayikukwenza uluntu lube ziintlobo zeeplanethi ezininzi.
Elo phupha lithathe i-hop enkulu yenyani kule veki.
NgoLwesibini ngokuhlwa, i-SpaceX ikhuphe enye into ebalaseleyo yobunjineli njengenkampani yesiphekepheke i-Starhopper -umboniso wesithuthi sayo esizayo sokuhlola iMars-sibalekile. Ukubonakalisa inqaba yamanzi yesilivere (okanye mhlawumbi i-R2D2 ngaphandle komsebenzi opeyintiweyo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe), ubugcisa bokusebenza buye benyuka buye ekuphakameni okujolise kuko kweemitha ezingama-492 (150m) ngaphambi kokubuyela eMhlabeni.
Ixhaswe yinjini enye, ene-methane-ene-Raptor injini, ubude obuyi-60 yeenyawo (18m) i-chrome contraption emfutshane, i-57-yesibini indiza ibonakalise amandla esithuthi kunye nokuhamba ngendlela elawulwayo, ngelixa ubeka inqanaba lovavanyo olunobundlongondlongo kwiinyanga ezizayo njengoko inkqubo yophuhliso iqhubeka.
Umdlwenguli wagquma ebomini ngo-6: 02 ntambama I-CDT ngo-Agasti 27, kulandela ukulibaziseka kweeyure ezingama-24 ngenxa yomcimbi wobugcisa wokugqibela. Ukutshiza amadangatye kunye nokuqhushumba, inqanawa yomjukujelwa eneenkani yayijongeka ngathi iphantse yajikeleza ngaphezulu njengoko yayinyuka ngaphezulu komazantsi eTexas. Nje ukuba ubugcisa bufikelele kwindawo yayo evunyiweyo ye-FAA, yahamba ecaleni ngaphambi kokuba yehle kancinci kwipali yokumisa ekufuphi. Oku kuphawule i-rocket yesilingo yesibini-kunye neyokugqibela-indiza yovavanyo engafakwanga; eyokuqala yayingoJulayi ngobugcisa obufikelela kwindawo ekujolise kuyo malunga neenyawo ezingama-65.
Ukongeza, i-Starship iya kuxhomekeka kwinjini entsha ye-SpaceX, enamandla ngakumbi: i-Raptor. Ngokungafaniyo ngoku inika amandla i-Falcon 9 kunye ne-Falcon Heavy, exhomekeke kumxube weparafini kunye neoksijini engamanzi, iRaptor inyanzeliswa yimethane. Ithemba likaMusk kukuba ekubeni iMars ineemethane, olo nikezelo ngenye imini lusenokusetyenziselwa ukufaka kwakhona iirocket ezizokufaka kumhlaba obomvu.
I-SpaceX ithi iinjini ezingama-Raptor ezingama-31 ziya kunika amandla irocket enamandla, kunye nezinye ezisixhenxe kwiStarship uqobo. Iinjini ezibaselwe kwimethane, ezisaphuhlayo, zipakisha malunga nenqindi eliphindwe kabini kwiinjini zeMerlin ngoku ezinika amandla uthotho lweenkampani ze Falcon zerokethi.
UMusk uqale watyhila izicwangciso zakhe ezikhulu zesiphekepheke seplanethi ngo-2016 kwintlanganiso ye-International Astronautical Congress eGuadalajara, eMexico. Kwifashoni yokwenyani ye-SpaceX, uceba ukuba irokethi kunye nomthuthi baphinde basebenze: bakwazi ukumilisela, umhlaba kunye nokuphinda amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu.
Iinkcukacha malunga neprojekthi bezinqabile kule minyaka idlulileyo, kodwa uMusk uthembisile ukubonelela ngokuthe ngqo ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, ngoku ukuba olu vavanyo lokugqibela lwe-hop lubonakalisile ukuba luyimpumelelo.
Impumelelo kaStarhopper, kunye nomhlala-phantsi osisiphumo, kucacisa indlela yokunyuka kweeprototypes ze-orbital. I-SpaceX ngaxeshanye yakha iiprototypes ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: iTexas neFlorida. Izithuthi, ezibizwa ngokuba yiStarship Mk1 kunye neMk2, ngokwahlukeneyo, ziyinxalenye yokhuphiswano oluncinci lwenkampani. UMusk kunye ne-SpaceX babheja ukuba ukhuphiswano luya kuphucula uyilo lokugqibela lweStarship, kunye nokukhawulezisa inkqubo.
Zombini iziza ziya kwenza ii-Starship ezininzi. Olu lukhuphiswano lokubona ukuba yeyiphi indawo efanelekileyo. Impendulo inokuba zombini, utshilo uMusk ngeTwitter. Naluphi na ulwazi olufunyenwe liqela elinye kufuneka kwabelwene ngalo nelinye, kodwa elinye iqela akufuneki lizisebenzise, wongeze watsho.
Iindawo ezimbini zokwakha ziya kwakha i-Starship kunye ne-Super Heavy ezilungele ukubhabha, ezidibeneyo ziya kuthi xhaxhe malunga ne-400 yeemitha ukuphakama. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Starhopper, i-Mk1 kunye ne-Mk2 ziya kuxhotyiswa ubuncinci ngabaRaptors abathathu. Ukuqaliswa kovavanyo lwezi prototypes kuya kwandulela ukusebenza kweenqwelomoya zeenqwelo moya, uMusk aqikelela ukuba ingaqala kwangoko ngo-2021. Ezo moya zokuqala zorhwebo ziya kuthwala iisathelayithi zonxibelelwano.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Starship kunye ne-Super Heavy zinenqwelomoya enye kwi-expression yazo. NgoSeptemba ophelileyo, uMusk watyhila ukuba u-Yusaku Maezawa owayengu-billionaire wase-Japan wabhukisha uhambo lokuqala lokukhwela i-Starship-i-jaunt ejikeleze inyanga eyayicwangciselwe ukubakho ngo-2023.
Emva koko, ukuba konke kuhamba ngokwesicwangciso, iya kuba yeyona njongo iphambili ye-SpaceX: EyoKwindla . UMusk uye waphindaphinda ukuba wayisekela le nkampani kwi-2002 ikakhulu ukunceda uluntu ukuba lube yiplanethi ebomvu kwaye ibe luhlobo lweeplanethi ezininzi. U-Elon Musk unethemba lokuba, kuba iMars ine-methane, ubonelelo ngolunye usuku lunokusetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa naziphi na iirokethi eziwela kumhlaba obomvu.I-NASA
UMars Base Alpha
Ngelixa i-SpaceX ingakhange ikhuphe maxesha omsebenzi wayo wokuqala ukuya kwi-Mars, uElon Musk uthe isiseko sokuqala se-Mars-ngaphambili esabizwa ngokuba yi-Mars Base Alpha nguMusk-sinokuphakama sisebenze kwangoko nge-2028.
Izicwangciso zeMarsX zeMars ezizayo zilula ngokulula: inkampani iceba ukwakha nasiphi na isiseko (kubandakanya iipads zokufika kunye nezikhululo zokugcwalisa amafutha) eziyimfuneko ukuxhasa iinqwelomoya zeStarship ukuya nokubuya eMars.
Kwimishini yokuqala ye-Mars, i-SpaceX iya kugxila ekuhambiseni izinto, ezinje ngejenereyitha zamandla kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi, ikakhulu nantoni na eya kufuneka isinde ngoosomajukujuku eMars.
Ezo mishini zokuqala ziya kuthi zinikwe uxanduva lokufumana naziphi na izibonelelo zendalo ezinokubonelela ngamafutha kuhambo olubuyayo lwexesha elizayo eMhlabeni. Ukulandela iintlanganiso ezimbalwa zokuqala zemithwalo kuya kuza ujikelezo lwabasebenzi kunye nabathutha imithwalo. I-SpaceX inokukwazi ukubeka iziseko kunye nokuseta izithuba zangaphambili, kodwa ayizukukwazi ukuseka isiseko sonke seMartian sodwa.
Kuya kufuna amaqabane afana ne-NASA, amaqabane e-arhente yamanye amazwe, kunye nezinye iinkampani zesithuba zorhwebo-ezinje ngeBlue Origin kaJeff Bezos. Iindawo zokuhlala, ii-landers, ii-rovers zezinto zokujonga umphezulu kunye nokunye okuninzi kuya kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuba abantu bacwangcisa ukuhamba ngenye imini kwiMars.
Inyanga kunye ne-NASA ezayo ye-Lunar Gateway inokusebenza njengendawo yokumisa i-Starship (ukunciphisa inani lamafutha afunekayo ekubuyiseleni eMhlabeni) kwaye njengababonisi betekhnoloji, ivumela zombini i-NASA kunye neenkampani zorhwebo ukuba zivavanye iinkqubo ngaphambi kokuya eMars.
Inye into eqinisekileyo: ngaphambi kokuba ii-Starship zokuqala zenze i-Mars, i-SpaceX kuya kufuneka kuqala iqinisekise ukuba irokethi ingafika apho ngokukhuselekileyo. NgoLwesibini kuphawulwe okwesibini i-Starhopper- kunye neyokugqibela- inqwelo moya yovavanyo engafakwangaIsithubaX
Ngokubhekisele kwikamva le-Starhopper ekhangeleka ngathi ayinakuze iphinde ibhabhe kwakhona. Endaweni yoko, ubugcisa buya kuguqulwa bube yindawo yokuhlola i-Raptor, esetyenziselwa uvavanyo lomlilo olungagungqiyo-ukufakwa kweenjini rhoqo ngelixa isithuthi ngokwaso sibanjiwe, singakwazi ukubhabha. Ezi ntlobo zovavanyo zibonelela ngedatha ebalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kweinjini.
I-SpaceX iyathemba ukuba ezi mvavanyo ziya kunceda iirokethi ezinikwe amandla ze-Raptor zenze okungaphezulu nje kokukhumbula. Mhlawumbi ngenye imini, baya kufikelela nakwisanti erusi yaseMars.