Ibali likaJ. Parnell Thomas

Omnye wabantu baseNew Jersey abanamandla kunabo bonke abaye basebenza kwiNdlu yabameli be-U.S J. Parnell Thomas , i-Bergen County Republican eyonyulelwa ukuba yi-Congress ngo-1936. Xa i-GOP yathatha ulawulo lweNdlu emva konyulo lowe-1946, uThomas waba nguSihlalo weKomiti yezeMisebenzi yaseMelika-apho uphando lwakhe kwimveliso yemifanekiso eshukumayo yaseHollywood yamenza eyaziwa kwilizwe lonke. UThomas wayengomnye wabayili beHollywood ekuthiwa 'luLuhlu oluMnyama.'

UThomas wayeligqala kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi ye-I kunye nebhanki yotyalo-mali xa wayebalekela iBhunga lase-Allendale Borough ngo-1924. Wayengu-Sodolophu ukusuka ngo-1926 ukuya ku-1930 kunye neNdlu yoWiso-mthetho ka-1935 ukuya ku-1937. URandolph Perkins wasweleka emva kweprayimari ye-1936, iRiphabhlikhi yakhetha uTomas ukuba abalekele isihlalo seNdlu esekwe eBergen County

I-HUAC yenze udliwanondlebe nabantu abangaphezulu kwamashumi amane abavela kumzi-bhanyabhanya kwaye babiza abalishumi elinethoba njengababenombono 'wasekhohlo'. Abanye abalishumi abachazwe yikomiti kaThomas bala ukuphendula imibuzo. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'Hollywood Ten, 'aba bantu ekugqibeleni bafunyanwa bedelela iCongress kwaye basebenza ixesha kwintolongo yomdibaniso.

Ngo-1948, umbhali wekholamu UDrew Pearson Utyhola uThomas ngokubeka abahlobo kunye nosapho kumvuzo wakhe wobumbano kwimisebenzi engabonisiyo kwaye emva koko iitsheki zabo zibekwe kwiakhawunti yakhe yokutshekisha. UThomas uphumelele unyulo kwakhona esihlalweni sakhe ngo-1948, kodwa waphulukana nosihlalo wakhe xa amaDemokhrasi aphinde alawula iNdlu. Wagwetywa ngobuqhetseba ngo-1950 kwaye washiya isikhundla sakhe kwiCongress. Emva kokugqiba isigwebo seenyanga ezisithoba kwintolongo yomdibaniso, uThomas wabuyela eBergen County apho waba ngumshicileli wamaphephandaba amathathu ngeveki. Wayefuna ukubuyela kwiCongress ngo-1954, kodwa waphulukana nenqanaba lokuqala kumlandeli wakhe, UWilliam Widnall . Ekugqibeleni wafudukela eFlorida, apho wasweleka khona ngo-1970.

Ukusuka kwilizwe likaDrew Pearson elidibeneyo 'Washington Merry-Go-Round,' Agasti 4, 1948

Omnye weCongressman ongayikhathalelanga le ntetho indala yokuba abo bahlala ezindlwini zeglasi akufuneki baphose amatye bayamgxeka u-Rep. J. Parnell Thomas waseNew Jersey, uSihlalo we-UnAmerican Activities Committee.

Ukuba eminye imisebenzi yakhe yayijongwa kwindawo yokuma amangqina ngononophelo njengoko ebuza imibuzo amangqina, baya kwenza izihloko zohlobo olungathandwayo yiCongressman.

Umzekelo, ayithathwa njengeyona nto ilungileyo 'yaseMelika' yokuqesha umntu ojolise kubugcisa bokubhala aze abhatale 'ukubuyisa umva'. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi lusenokwenzeka ukuba lufumane umntu oqhelekileyo waseMelika kwingxaki yerhafu yengeniso. Nangona kunjalo, oku akubonakali ngathi kuyamkhathaza uSihlalo weKomiti yezeMisebenzi yaseMelika.

Ngomhla kaJan. 1, 1940, u-Rep. UThomas wabeka kwimirholo yakhe u-Myra Midkiff njengonobhala kwi-1,200 yeedola ngonyaka ngelungiselelo awayeza kuthi ngalo onke umvuzo wakhe awubuyisele kwi-Congressman. Oku kunike umnumzana uThomas ukongeza okucocekileyo kumvuzo wakhe we-10, 000, kwaye bekungekho mfuneko yokuba azikhathaze ngokuhlawula irhafu kule bracket iphezulu, kuba uhlawule irhafu kaNkosazana Midkiff kuye kubakaki osezantsi kakhulu.

Eli lungiselelo lalilula kwaye lathatha iminyaka emine. Umvuzo kaMiss Midkiff wafakwa nje kwiBhanki yeSizwe yokuQala yaseAllendale, NJ, kwiakhawunti yeCongressman. Okwangoku akazange eze naphina kufutshane neofisi yakhe kwaye akazange amsebenzele ngaphandle kokujongana neemvulophu ekhaya awayehlawula kuzo i $ 2 ngekhulu.

Esi sicwangciso sokuqalisa kwakhona sisebenze kakuhle kangangokuba kwiminyaka emine kamva. U-Miss Midkiff sele etshatile kwaye wayishiya imisebenzi yakhe, u-Congressman wagqiba kwelokuba andise. Ngomhla kaNovemba 16, 1944, iGosa eliHambisa iNdlu laziswa ukuba libeke kuhlawulo lukaThomas igama lika-Arnette Minor kwi- $ 1,800 ngonyaka.

Ngokwenyani u-Miss Minor wayengumsebenzi wosuku owenza iibhedi wahlamba igumbi lika Nobhala ka-Thomas, u-Miss Helen Campbell. Umvuzo kaMiss Minor wathunyelwa kwiCongressman. Akazange ayifumane.

Eli lungiselelo lathatha inyanga enesiqingatha kuphela, kuba nge-1 kaJanuwari ka-1945, igama likaGrace Wilson lavela kumrholo weCongressman nge-2,900 yeedola.

U-Miss Wilson wajika waba ngumakazi kaNkosazana uThomas, kwaye ngonyaka ka-1945 watshekisha i-3,467,45 yeedola, nangona engazange asondele e-ofisini, eneneni wahlala ethe cwaka e-Allendale, NJ, apho wayexhaswa nguNkosk. oodade wabo, uNksk. Lawrence Wellington kunye noNksk. William Quaintance.

Ngehlobo lowe-1946, nangona kunjalo, iCongressman yathatha isigqibo sokuba i-county ixhase umakazi womfazi wayo, kuba unyana wakhe wayesandula ukutshata kwaye wayefuna ukubeka umolokazana wakhe kuluhlu lwabasebenzi. Emva koko, umolokazana wakhe, uLillian, watsala umvuzo kaMiss Wilson, kwaye uCongressman wanyanzelisa ukuba umakazi womfazi wakhe abonelelwe.

Ukusuka UJack Anderson Ukuvuma kweMuckracker, ngo-1979

Inkokeli yekomiti yayinguJ. Parnell Thomas. Ngokwembonakalo, wayengenakwenzeka njengegorha okanye umguvela. Wayemdala- ndandicinga ukuba amashumi amathandathu anesithathu ubudala kwaye etyebile, enentloko enenkqayi kunye nobuso obujikelezileyo obuqaqamba ngokungagungqiyo kumbala opinki. Kodwa kwathi kwavela, isaci sakhe esisicaba kunye nokuqothula isidumbu sifihla amandla angalindelekanga okuhlakulela into engeyiyo, okanye mandithi, kwinyani yenyani. Le yayiza kuba yipasipoti yakhe kumandla kunye nodumo.

UTomas washukunyiswa ikakhulu yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Ukujongana nehlabathi elinentaphane yezisongelo zobuKomanisi, wayethandwa kakhulu ziingcamango zobuhlanga, nkqu nezobudenge. Inye yayiyimbono yakhe yokuba iimuvi zala mini zaziveliswa kwaye zibekwe esweni njengoko zazinjalo ngoongxowankulu abaninzi, babonisa iqhinga elitsha lokuDibanisa ilizwe lasimahla.

Umzi mveliso wemifanekiso eshukumayo waphantse woyikiswa ngamandla anyukayo kaJ. Parnell Thomas, kwaye ukumkholisa, wasungula uluhlu lwabamnyama oluya kusasazeka kusasazo kunye nokujongela phantsi ilizwe lezolonwabo kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo. Phantsi koxinzelelo lwenkqubo yekomiti kaThomas yokungathembeki phakathi kwabasebenzi bakarhulumente, uMongameli uHarry Truman wakhupha i-Order yokufezekisa efikelela kude eyilelwe ukuthintela iifom zezomthetho ekupheliseni abo barhanelwa ngokungathembeki.