UScott Kelly wayehlala kwiSitishi seSithuba saMazwe ngaMazwe kwiintsuku ezingama-340 ukusukela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2016.IBill Ingalls / NASA ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso kaGetty I-2020s iya kuba sishumi elinembali yesiphekepheke sabantu, nge uninzi lweenzame zikarhulumente nezabucala sele ndilungiselela ukumilisela ubunyani benyanga, uMars nangaphaya. Ukuhamba uhambo olude kubumnyama besithuba kwikhabhathi engenasisindo kumalunga nokuthandana njengoko kunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokubamba kobunzima bomhlaba, imizimba yabantu inokufumana zonke iintlobo zotshintsho olufihlakeleyo, uninzi lwazo oluneziphumo zexesha elide ekusafuneka ziqondwe.
Phakathi kuka-Matshi 2015 kunye no-Matshi 2016, owayesakuba ngusomajukujuku we-NASA uScott Kelly uchithe iintsuku ezingama-340 kwiSitishi saMazwe ngaMazwe. Emva kokubuyela kwakhe eMhlabeni, izazinzulu zaqala uthotho lwezifundo zokuphanda ukuba ubomi bokungakhathali phantse unyaka wonke buwuchaphazele njani umzimba wakhe, esebenzisa iwele lakhe, owayesakuba ngusomajukujuku kunye noSenator omtsha waseArizona uMark Kelly, njengendawo yokuthelekisa.
Kwindlela entsha ukufunda ipapashwe ngoMvulo kwijenali yesayensi Ukujikeleza , oosonzululwazi baxela ukuba elona gumbi likhulu lentliziyo kaKelly lancipha ngobunzima ngeepesenti ezingama-27 (ukusuka kwi-6.7 yee-ounces ukuya kwii-4.9 zeeunun) kunyaka wakhe esithubeni.
Ukuncipha kwentliziyo kongeza kuluhlu olude lwezinto ezifunyenwe koosomajukujuku abahlala kumandla omxhuzulane kangangexesha elide. Ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kubandakanya ukuphulukana nobunzima bemisipha, amathambo abuthathaka, iintloko ezidumbileyo kunye neebhokhwe zamehlo, phakathi kolunye utshintsho.
Intliziyo ifana naso nasiphi na isihlunu, kwaye iyasabela kumthwalo obekwe kuyo, uBenjamin D. Levine, umbhali ophezulu wesifundo kunye noprofesa wamayeza angaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas Southwestern Medical Centre, ucacisile kudliwanondlebe kunye INew York Times .
Ngaphandle kokutsala okuzinzileyo, intliziyo kaKelly kwakungafuneki ukuba impompe ngamandla, ibangele ukuba iphelelwe ngamandla. Ukufumanisa okunomdla, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ukuncipha kwentliziyo akwenzeki kuye wonke umntu ohlala emajukujukwini.
Kuphononongo olwahlukileyo olukhokelwa ngu-Levine woosomajukujuku abali-13 abachithe iinyanga ezintandathu kwi-ISS, izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba ukuba intliziyo iyancipha kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomthambo abawenzayo phambi kokubhabha. Oosomajukujuku beembaleki bathambekele ekuphulukaneni nobunzima bentliziyo emajukujukwini kanye njengoKelly; kodwa abo bangazange benze umthambo omninzi eMhlabeni kodwa kwafuneka balandele inkqubo yokuzilolonga kwi-ISS bagqibela ngokuba neentliziyo ezinkulu ngenxa yokuzama okukhulu.
Intliziyo encinci ayibonakali ibuchaphazele ubomi obuqhelekileyo bukaKelly ngoku sele ebuyile eMhlabeni phantse iminyaka emihlanu. Intliziyo yakhe yaqhelana nobunzima obuncitshisiweyo, utshilo uLevine. Akuzange kube kungasebenzi, umthamo ogqithisileyo awuzange wehliswe kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo.
Kodwa inokuba yinkxalabo yokuhamba ixesha elide, ezinje ngeehambo ezizayo zeMars. UKelly wakwazi ukuhlala ngokufanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokuzilolonga ngokukhawuleza kwisitishi sendawo. (Usebenzise iintsuku ezintandathu ngeveki, ebaleka kumatshini wokunyathela, ephakamisa esebenzisa umatshini onganyangekiyo kunye nokusebenza kwibhayisikile emileyo.) Kodwa oosomajukujuku abahleli kwiziphekepheke ezixineneyo eziya eMars abayi kuba nazo ezo zodidi.
Nokuba banazo izixhobo zokusebenza, iingxaki zinokuvela xa begula kwaye bengakwazi ukwenza umthambo. Ngeentliziyo ezibuthathaka, banokuba neentloko ezilula kwaye batyhafe xa benyathela iplanethi ebomvu emva kweenyanga zokuhamba ngaphandle kobunzima, Amaxesha ixelwe.
